《学术交际英语》PPT课件.ppt

English for Academic Communication洪卫主编 电子工业出版社 20122.精选科技英语阅读教程Selected Readings in Scientific English主编 秦荻辉 西安电子科技大学出版社 2008,General Introduction,第2章 学术论文写作基础知识第4章 学术论文写作常见问题与错误分析(sentence writing)第3章 学术论文写作要求及注意事项（paper writing）第5章 学术论文发表（Cover letter 写作）第6-7章国际学术会议及演讲,General Introduction,I.Definition of academic writing,Academic writing is a formal writing.The main aim of academic writing is to inform and not entertain like creative writing.,-to summarize or synthesize information and ideas gathered from a research,-to explain,compare and contrast,evaluate,or analyze concepts,events,and phenomena,-to argue for or against a position in an ongoing debate,I.Definition of academic writing,complex,formal,objective,explicit,II.Features of academic writing,longer wordsa more varied vocabularyuses more noun-based phrases than verb-based phraseshas more grammatical complexity,including more subordinate clauses and more passives.,Complexity,II.Features of academic writing,avoid colloquial words and expressionsImpersonal tone which can he achieved by avoidance of intimacy words such as you or I,but rather use he,she,researcher,one,and so on.,Formality,II.Features of academic writing,the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make,rather than you.avoiding subjectivity,for example:1)Paro is extremely cold in winter.2)Paro experiences as low as 2 degree Celsius in winter.,Objectivity,II.Features of academic writing,make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are relatedThe ideas and information are explicit and not just implied.,Explicitness,II.Features of academic writing,词汇(lexis)句法：中英句子对比(syntax)篇章(Discourse),III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,词汇(lexis),1.英语中的词性变化,The SiS730S chipset is priced at$42 in 10,000-unit lots.SiS730S 芯片组批量10000套的价格为每套42美元。,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,1)As early as his second film,Chaplin haddevelopedhis own manner of acting,the one that was world famous.,2)While people in other countries of the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collecting seeds and nuts,farmers in China weredevelopingthe science of agriculture.,3)Photographers return and the photos are quicklydeveloped.,2.一词多义,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,4)Some married people who are not satisfied with their family may resort to the Internet to developan extramarital affair.,5)And thirdly,computer games helpdevelopchildrens interest in computers.,6)At the same time,another paper wasdeveloped,made from silk.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,1)Time flies like an arrow.Fruit flies like a banana.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,2)Marriage is an institution in which a man loses his bachelors degree and the woman gets her masters status.,3)Can you get down from an elephant？No.You can only get down from the ducks.,4)Why is the stadium so cool？Because there are so many fans.,3.英语中名词主导而汉语中动词居多,of+抽象名词=形容词；with+抽象名词=副词；冠词+抽象名词=一个动作；on/upon+动名词或名词化的动词，相当于as soon as.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,冠词+抽象名词=一个动作例：The prerequisite is a good knowledge of electric circuit fundamentals.前提是要很好地掌握电路基础。类似的有：a calculation 计算一下a discussion 讨论一下an analysis 分析一下,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,4.量词的使用,汉语的名词前常常有量词来修饰,英语中则借用一些普通名词作为单位词（Unit Noun)来表示事物的个数或容积。单位词既可以和可数名词搭配，也可以和不可数名词搭配。比如：一窝小鸡：a brood of chickens一群蚂蚁：a colony of ants 一群羊：a flock of sheep 一群鲸：a school of whales,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,一块香皂：a _ of soap 一捆干草：a _ of hay一根草：a _ of grass一条新闻：a _ of news;an _ of news一粒米：a _ of rice一滴水：a _ of water一瓶墨水：a _ of ink一桶牛奶：a _ of milk一杯啤酒：a _ of beer一杯咖啡：a _ of coffee,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,一块香皂：a bar/cake of soap 一捆干草：a bundle of hay一根草：a blade of grass一条新闻：a piece of news;an item of news一粒米：a grain of rice一滴水：a drop of water一瓶墨水：a bottle of ink一桶牛奶：a pail of milk一杯啤酒：a glass of beer一杯咖啡：a cup of coffee,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,5.英语的冠词,6.各种连接词的使用,安装调试完毕，则退出软件，关闭设备，按接通电源的逆顺序断开电源。,After the installation and debugging,exit the software,turn off the device,and disconnect the power supply in the reverse order of switching on the power.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,句法：中英句子对比(syntax),III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,1.汉语重意合，英语重形合汉语的流水句：结构开放，句界含糊，写句“以意为尽”。“追求流动的韵律、节奏、不滞于形”,牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，一泻千里。,Waves upon waves,the Peony River rushed violently down its long courses like a horse galloping.,汉语的竹竿句：按时间或逻辑顺序，层层铺开，呈线形推进。这是一个秋天的下午。细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。他们撑着雨伞，攀沿着一个弯曲的山间小道去拜望一位隐居在深山的朋友。,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,They walked with umbrellas up a winding mountain path on a drizzling and windy autumn afternoon for a visit to a friend living in seclusion.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,汉语先说事，英语先表态如蒙汇来商品目录以及现行销售条款，我们将不甚感激。,We would appreciate it very much if you could send us your catalog together with the current sales terms.,3.汉语重主体意识，英语重客体意识我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,这位曾给全世界带来笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。（汉语不说：痛苦哺育了这位使全世界的人发出笑声的人。）,4.英语重时体态；汉语轻时体态（P.15）,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,牛津的在校学生数无论现在还是过去都比多伦多大学少。Oxford has,or had till yesterday,fewer students than the University of Toronto.,III.Differences in Chinese and English academic writing,篇章(Discourse)（P.15）,语篇连接手段：照应，替代，省略，重复和逻辑衔接词。英语较多使用显性连接：照应、指代、逻辑衔接词汉语多用隐性衔接：省略、重复,She was of a helpless,fleshy build（体格）,with a frank,open countenance(面容)and an innocent,diffident manner.Her eyes were large and patient,and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于焦虑无助的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。,