《学业考试解读》PPT课件.ppt

对20082010年初中学业考试(英语)的几点思考及2011年备考策略,学业考试，考出一个理想的成绩，不是梦！,让每个学生放飞梦想！让每个学生创造奇迹！哈佛大学校庆350周年,有记者问校长:学校最值得自豪的是什么?校长回答:哈佛大学最引以自豪的不是培养了6位总统、36位诺贝尔奖获得者，最重要的是给予每个学生以充分的选择机会和发展空间，让每一块金子都闪闪发光！,一、初中毕业生学业考试的定义,初中毕业生学业考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试，目的是全面、准确地反映初中毕业生在学科学习目标方面所达到的水平。考试结果既是衡量学业水平的主要依据，也是高中段学校招生的重要依据之一。,宁波市初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷是以课程标准为主要依据，根据“突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际”这一原则，同时遵循“相对稳定,稳中求进,稳中求新”的命题精神，难度系数控制在0.75左右等依据而命题的。试卷对基础知识的考查从注重语言形式转变为注重语言意义，并要求考生在特定的语境中理解其特定的含义，在情景设计上更加灵活和实用。试题注重时代性、人文性、原创性、综合性，而且注重语言的应用价值。打开试卷，一股时代的气息扑面而来。认真研读近3年的试卷，不难看到2011年宁波中考试卷的影子！,二、2008、2009、2010年试卷特点,试题由两大部分组成。第一部分是听力，共四大题，20小题，赋分20分。听力部分旨在考查并检测学生在小对话长对话和语篇中理解并获取信息的能力；第二部分是英语知识运用，共六大题，赋分90分。主要测试学生的基本知识和技能，包括语法、句法和词汇知识的掌握，测试学生的阅读理解能力和综合运用语言的能力，再者,考查学生的单词拼写和写作能力。,1试卷结构简约合理、目的明确、层次清晰,2难易适中，立足基础，以人为本,试题命题科学规范，难易适中，确保了试题的信度、效度和难度系数。体现了英语课程标准的要求，无繁、难、偏、杂、怪等试题出现。全卷易、中、稍难的比例为5:3:2，试题区分度较高，较全面反馈英语学科新课改的发展，了解学生真实的知识掌握和能力水平。在整份试卷的编排中，处处体现以人为本，从试卷的听力的如何去车站？“骑自行车、坐飞机、乘火车”，到选择题：Look!There is _ picture on the wall.How nice it is!A.a B.an C.the D./，再到完形：Just Be Yourself;阅读理解的“地震自救常识”、“观察蚂蚁领悟到团队合作的重要性”、介绍纳米技术的应用扩大考生的知识面，最后书面表达中的词汇提示，无不体现出对考生的关怀，人情味十足。,3渗透文化，关注社会，充满时代气息 整份试卷选材广泛，话题新颖，接近生活，有福娃（听力）、2008奥运会（书面表达），地震常识、关爱他人、敢于克服困难、勇敢前进（完形填空）；关注健康（任务型阅读）、关心家乡变化（杭州湾大桥）等等，把文化气息与时代气息贯穿于试卷的始终。,三、对今后教学的启示,注重面向全体 All for Ss(一切为了学生)For all Ss(为了一切学生)For Ss All(为了学生一切)英语教学一定要面向全体，在初中教学阶段始终不放弃每一个学生，尽可能地使学生的英语水平得到尽可能大的发展，有效地缓解两极分化现象。虽然到了初三，学生间的英语学习水平已经有了较明显的分化现象，但初三阶段的总复习却能对学生能力的提升有较大的作用。即便是水平较差的学生，教师也应从基础出发，让他们学有所得。,关爱“弱势”，共谋发展,最牛的乞丐向关爱弱者的弱者们致敬！,东方课堂文化重视基础系统规范,西方课堂文化重视创新应用前沿,2.注重基础知识,从学业水平考试的试题看，卷面难度不大，重视基础性，所以教师必须在教学中重视基础语言知识，而不能立足过高，一味地追求跳出教材。如学生的语音基础知识、拼读基本知识、基础语法项目等都要引起足够重视。,（特别注意两极分化问题）08中考数据:,08年卷一、卷二平均得分或难度系数,卷一（客观题）平均得分：57.3分（难度：0.76）卷二（以主观题为主）平均得分：24.1分（难度：0.68）单词拼写难度系数：0.52（5.2分）补全对话难度系数：0.86(4.3分)任务型阅读难度系数：0.84(4.2分)书面表达难度系数：0.69（10.35分）,3.注重能力培养,英语教学的目的是使学生的综合语言运用能力得到发展，能力的获得不是靠题海战术，不能靠死记硬背。尤其是本次学业考试中反映出的学生考分与平时表现不相一致的情况更说明了一种重知识与重能力的问题。英语教师必须注重学生学习策略的培养，如阅读策略、书面表达技巧以及审题能力等，使学生巧学又实效。,4.注重学习与生活相结合,教师在平时的教学中要注意引导学生将英语学习与生活实际、社会热点、新闻等充分结合，不要为学知识而教学，让学生在学习的过程中了解一些与生活紧密相关的信息，拓展视野,把整个世界带进英语课堂教学。（BBC；What color is the pandas tail?复杂简单认真重复创造）,巴甫洛夫讲的一个故事：,夜深了，一位巴格达商人走在黑漆漆的山路上。突然，有个神秘的声音传来：“弯下腰，请多捡一些小石子，明天会有用的！”商人决定执行这一指令，便弯腰捡起几颗石子。到了第二天，当商人从口袋中掏出“石子”看时，发现那些所谓的“石子”原来是一块块亮晶晶的宝石！商人后悔不迭：天！昨晚怎么就没有多捡些呢？启发：巴甫洛夫：“教育就是这么回事-当我们长大成人之后，才发现以前学的科学知识是珍贵的宝石，但同时我们也会觉得可惜，因为我们学得毕竟太少了！”,5.注重分层复习,思进思变思发展 创业创新创发展绝大多数班级的学生英语水平参差不齐，但绝大多数教师对所有学生“一视同仁”、“公平对待”。难怪教师和学生都抱怨：复习效果很差；懂的本来就懂，不懂的还是不懂！,自认为很精彩的例子，不过学生真的很喜欢！,Therere six glasses on the teachers desk.Three are filled with water and the other three empty.U r only allowed to move one glass so that one is empty,one is full and so on and so forth.,6.注重复习资源的开发和利用,教科书、复习辅导书、模拟试卷报纸杂志、讲义练习课外读物网络资源（例如：Lets talk in English）、广播电视节目、图书馆资料等等,Do you want to know the way to become happy?,Dont be anxious,I will give you a test so that you will find the answer by yourselves.Lets consider A is equal to 1,B to 2,.and Z to 26.We can see Hard work=H+A+R+D+W+O+R+K=8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98%Knowledge=K+N+O+W+L+E+D+G+E=11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96%Love=L+O+V+E=12+15+22+5=54%Luck=L+U+C+K=12+21+3+11=47%(though most of us think this is the most important),Well what makes 100%?Is it Money?Money=M+O+N+E+Y=13+15+14+5+25=72%Is it Leadership?Leadership=L+E+A+D+E+R+S+H+I+P=12+5+1+4+5+18+19+9+16=89%Answers for both are nos.Every problem has a solution,only if we perhaps change our attitude.To go to the top,to that 100%,is what we really need to go further.a bit more.ATTITUDE!Attitude=A+T+T+I+T+U+D+E=100%Its our attitude towards life and work that makes our life 100%!Attitude is everything.Change your attitude and change your life!Good Attitude=100%Happiness,7.注重学生对复习教学的感受及对复习效果的评价,有效教学的核心是学生的有效学习：指学生在规定的时间内和有限的付出成本内达到预设的学习目标（学习成绩是否提高？知识、能力你是否得到发展？）。学习成效不只体现为学习成绩，还涉及学生的情感发展，主要是学生的满意度（包括学习过程的满意度、对自己学习成绩的满意度、对投入的学习成本的满意度）（学习成本：学习时间、学习精力的投入；学习资源的选择与使用；学习情感成本：学习的倦怠，幸福感的减损-鲁子问 2010）很多学生坦言：想吐、要奔溃；课桌上堆满了各类资料压力大：担心能否考上理想的高中？担心作业、遭老师家长的批评,四、学业考试展望,学业考试，考出一个理想的成绩，不是梦！1.用好“新目标（Go for it!）”教材 2.“爱”在课堂里流动“活”在教学中生成“智”在课堂里整合“美”在课堂中呈现A.教学方式应注意模式结构 B.教学内容应注意基础知识C.课堂教学应注意有效容量 D.总结归纳应注意形成系统E.试卷讲评应注意突出重点 F.评价学生应注意个性差异,2011年学业考试总体趋势,具有人文性，难度系数0.75左右重视基础性，面向全体学生强调应用性，突出能力考查加强综合性，考虑学科间的相互渗透体现时代性，关注社会热点,听力（20分）,听小对话，选择图片听小对话，回答问题听长对话，回答问题听短文，回答问题命题原则：1、送分送到手，拉分拉得开 2、每前34题尽可能控制并降低难度，后1 2题稍难 3、语言材料尽量地道、丰富、真实，且学生比较熟悉；设题尽量规范；着重测试对话的重点,1.Why didnt Sally hand in her homework that day?A.Her mother was ill.B.Her teacher was ill.C.She was ill.2.Whats the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A.Father and daughter.B.Teacher and student.C.Mother and son.点评：1、该题语言材料地道、丰富、真实，是学生比较熟悉的话题。2、设题规范，第一个问题后所提供的三个选项均是有效的选项，学生必须在听完录音后才能做出正确的选项。3、命题者着重对对话的重点信息进行测试，要求学生在理解的基础上，推断说话者之间的关系。,单项填空（15分）,命题原则：1、需要上下文的情景才能答题-_ did he come here?-By foot.A.When B.Why C.How D.How often 2、词汇语法语境有机结合，体现语言的学习价值 Afternoon tea is _ in the dinning room from 3 to 5 p.m.every day.A.served B.burned C.cooked D.eaten 点评：本题语言简练，考点新，各选项均能构成语言正确的句子，且选项和语境及文化意识有一定的相关度。,“现在有一种怪现象，即正规考试往往妨碍而不是有助于学生学习一门语言。但是，学习和考试并非一定是相互矛盾的：学生完全有可能在学习语言的同时，作好应试的准备。必须清醒地认识到：正规考试侧重于书面用语，如果把应付正规考试作为最终目标，那么必然对英语学习产生有害的影响。如果教师把自己所教的班能通过某种考试作为教学的唯一目的，他必然教不好语言。要永远把考试放在第二位，把它当成是学生在学习中顺理成章必然会取得的一种副产品，而决不能把它当成最终目的。”摘自新概念英语第三册致教师和学生,3、确保答案的唯一性 4、确保一题只考一个语言现象 5、确保可以通过已学知识可以解决的语言问题,3.I think Paris is _ most beautiful city.I want to visit again someday.(宁波一重点中学提前招生题目)A.an B.the C.a D.不填4.She _ college,so her father was proud _ her.A.went;of B.came;for C.entered;of D.studied;in(宁波一重点中学提前招生题目)5.-Im taking my driving test tomorrow.-_.A.Cheers B.Good luck C.Come on D.Congratulations 5.Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.(宁波一重点中学提前招生题目)A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest,2010年浙江省初中英语各地市学业考试语境性单项试题一览表,完形填空（15分）,完形先完义，整体理解最重要。它是一种综合填空题，它把单项填空与阅读理解两种题型融为一体，它涉及的知识面广，综合性强，灵活性高，考查的重点是基础知识应用能力和阅读能力，包括对语法、句型、惯用语运用的考查，是对词汇、句子以及文章理解的综合考查。从某种程度上讲，其难度超过阅读理解。基于09年难度系数0.75左右，今年的CLOZE比往年可能容易些。文章以记叙文为主，尤其是人物故事而且有教育意义。名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词、介词为主,For example:In my work as an education officer I 41 people improve their lives,and thats really important to me.I also play 42 because I love the game.I enjoy being part of a team and I get a lot of 43 from using the football skills.41.A.hear B.helpC.seeD.watch42.A.basketballB.volleyball C.footballD.tennis43.A.trouble B.difficultyC.pleasureD.surprise,In,Why do I work?Mark,the PolicemanWhy work?To get enough money to travel,to 31 a house,to pay the bills.I get enjoyment out of my job.And 32 main reason to work is to make the money to 33 the things I want to do in my life.Maybe everyone knows a little of 34 a policeman does.If your house has been broken into and your things 35,who do you call?Of course,you call the police!We go 36 to peoples homes and take notes,and get back the stolen things hopefully.We 37 answer calls where people are having questions and try to 38 problems.At our station we sometimes receive calls from worried parents whose 39 are missing.Usually the children come back 40,but children should always make sure their parents know where they are.Ricky,the Education Officer and Football PlayerIn my work as an education officer I 41 people improve their lives,and thats really important to me.I also play 42 because I love the game.I enjoy being part of a team and I get a lot of 43 from using the football skills.The money I make from both 44 is certainly welcome too.Ive just bought a new sports car and its 45 I enjoy the things I can buy with the money I get from work.31.A.buy B.lock C.open D.clean32.A.its B.my C.her D.his33.A.forget B.remember C.do D.break34.A.why B.where C.what D.who35.A.returned B.borrowed C.washed D.stolen36.A.on B.back C.by D.around37.A.also B.else C.nearly D.almost38.A.look at B.work out C.take away D.hand in39.A.policemen B.students C.officers D.children40.A.safely B.angrily C.loudly D.early41.A.hear B.help C.see D.watch42.A.basketball B.volleyball C.football D.tennis43.A.trouble B.difficulty C.pleasure D.surprise44.A.jobs B.teams C.sports D.games45.A.bad B.great C.boring D.free,阅读理解（25分）,挑战高分，阅读是关键。阅读理解的命题走向在题材、体裁上更趋多样，选材也更趋现代化、生活化、知识化，突出实用性和时代性。所以教师要多选些科普知识、生活常识、风土人情、名人轶事以及天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学、社会科学以及背景知识等方面的文章，这些都是考查的范畴。8下及9年级课本的有些文章可以作为泛读材料，培养阅读习惯、阅读策略；熟悉各类文体；学会总结归纳；掌握阅读理解答题方法。,能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；能理解文中具体信息及逻辑关系；能理解文章的主旨要义；能作出简单判断、归纳和推理；能理解作者的意图和态度；能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。,阅读时要把握文章脉络、要有全局观念,英语文章讲究行文连贯，逻辑严密。文章中多使用主题段和主题句，段与段之间常用过渡词句连接，承上启下。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比、引用等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。篇章结构题要求考生把握文章的脉络，理解句子及段落层次之间的关系，理解作者的写作方法。,Were having a wonderful time on Lake Gorne in Maine.Therere so many things that you can do that you just dont know where to begin.You can sail the catboats all around the lake.If you dont know how to do it,Captain Billson can teach you.If you like speed,you can use the motorboat.Youll feel as if youre flying.And theres fishing,hunting,tennis and golf.Therere lots of games in the big recreation room,and young people dance every night.Why dont you write to Mrs Brown for the full details?Youre sure to get the information you need and to have an ideal holiday there.The author makes the ad believable by _.A.making comparisons B.using quotations C.using examples D.referring to famous persons,Price List for Expo 2010 Tickets,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”“If winter comes,can spring be far behind?”C.“Follow your own course(路径),and let people talk.”D.“Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day.Teach a man to fish and he will eat for the rest of his life.”E.“Good painting is like good cooking;it can be tasted,but not explained.”,23.Must I go to the shop with you,Mum?Err I can make it myself,Mike.You _ go with me.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.wouldnt D.neednt,35.How about raising money for the people in Yushu,Qinghai?_.A.Good idea B.Enjoy yourself C.Never mind D.Youre welcome,71.Sarah:Dont care too much about what they have said,Tony.72.Stephen:Thanks for helping me,Amy.Im so proud of having a friend like you.73.Mr.Lee:Teachers should tell the kids not only what to do,but also how to do that.74.Alan:Dont be upset,Jeff.The great success is just in front of you.75.Sally:I dont want to hear the tour guide introduce the paintings in the gallery.Dont you think so?,5.What are the speakers talking about?A.B.C.,27.Which sign means“Save Water”?,Today，before you complain about the 47 of your food，think of someone who has nothing to 48 Before you complain about life，think of someone who went to heaven（天堂）too earlyBefore you complain about your old 49，think of the people who are living in the streetsAnd when you are tired and complain about your job，think of those who have no jobsSo 50 what you have and dont forget your past47Ataste Bsize Ccolor Dshape48Ado Bwear Ceat Dmake49Afood Bhouse Cclothes Dbus50Aforget Bspend Cenjoy Dpay,(B)By 1949,the French had begun to recover(恢复)from the war.The Merci Train was their way of saying“thank you”to America.French people had filled the boxcars with gifts.Most of them were personal,like hand-made toys,childrens drawings,or postcards.But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts.On each car,the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces,with an American eagle on the front.The boxcars were taken to each state of America,where they were warmly greeted.58.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 refers to(指)_.A.the American people B.the French people C.the boxcars D.the gifts59.The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because _.A.they thought France was stronger than America B.it could show the friendship between the two countries C.the boxcars would be more beautiful D.they were very good at painting pictures 60.The passage is mainly about _.A.the story of the Merci Train B.American museums where the boxcars are kept C.gifts that American people liked D.World War II,(C)The Dream It is everyones dream to work at home or not work at all.You can plan your own hours and work when you want to.There is no more rush hour and no hours that people waste when they get to and from a job every day.The Fact The fact is that this dream can be attained.You can stay at home,work when you want to and make money when you need to.There are plenty of opportunities for you to make money at home,just by using your computer and the Internet.Start Today!Educate yourself,look closely into all the opportunities and decide on what works best for you.It will not happen during one night,but you can make the decision today and start to make it happen today.How could you do it?Do you have a blog(博客)or a personal website like millions of other people?Are you using it to make money?Most of these blog and website owners are not.But you can do that!_ When you have your computer and the Internet working for you,your businesses will be working for you 24 hours a day,seven days a week.You will make money while you sleep,travel or do whatever you want to do all day long.Get Going!There are many ways you can make money with your computer.And you can begin your stay-at-home businesses with just a little money.What are you waiting for?,61.In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?62.What does the underlined word“attained”in Point mean?63.Whats the best topic for Point?64.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?65.How is the passage organized?,任务型阅读（5分）,属于送分题，绝大多数考生只要将提供的材料默读一遍即可把正确答案选出来或者填写正确答案。,词汇运用（15分）,命题原则：1、测试常用基础词汇拼写和综合运用能力 2、以实词为主（名词、动词、形容词、副词）名词注意单复数；动词注意适当形式；形容词副词要分清，原级比较级最高级要看 清。,日积月累，抓好词汇。没有词汇就没有语言，离开词汇，听说读写能力的培养就无从谈起。学业考试中无论哪一种题型都与词汇有着密不可分的关系。单词拼写题更加突出了词汇作为英语基础的重要性。听写、默写、翻译、造句、背诵等各种手段，要每天进行；只有长期坚持、不断反复、严格要求，才能真正有效地提高词汇能力。告诫学生：词汇的记忆很重要，但千万不要一味地死记硬背，要在充分领会单词的正确意义和用法的基础上去记忆，要在句中记，在情景中记，在阅读中记；也可以通过构词法、归纳法、联想法记忆；,-By the way,who do you adore?-Yao Ming,for hes my favorite basketball player.A.like B.dislike C.hateMary is very beautiful,but her sister Jenny is homely.A.more beautiful B.ugly C.ordinary-looking,书面表达（15分）,具体要求能依照学过的题材或话题，根据所给情景，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文；能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；能使用常见的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。,书面表达训练要注意循序渐进 不是盲目地练，应从基础抓起：首先写好简单句，掌握好5种基本句型；然后学写并列句和复合句；注重重点句型的操练；最后再进行篇章训练。在进行篇章训练时，要注意遣词造句，布局谋篇，要学会用适当的连接词使全文逻辑严密，意义正确。重视范文的作用 范文的作用不可忽视，优秀范文有很大的借鉴作用。建议考生阅读，甚至可以背诵各种文体的优秀范文，也可以模仿写作，并力求有自己的创意。不断积累是关键 要写好英语作文，积累是很关键的。积累应包括生活知识的积累和语言表达的积累。“厚积”才能“薄发”。,在今年的“地球一小时（Earth Hour）”活动中，中国很多城市的人们都自觉熄灯一小时，体现了低碳生活的新理念。假定你是CCTV9的记者，请你根据以下采访信息用英语写一篇80个词左右的新闻稿。注意：部分内容已为你写好，不计入总词数。,参考范文，借鉴写作方法。模仿是学习的一个重要过程。像歌手唱歌一样，模仿别人会掌握本领，英文写作也是如此。在模仿的过程中完善自我，成就自我。先模仿，后创造性地发挥，学生会写出优秀的英语作文。敢于实践，勤于实践。模仿的目的在于实践。实践才能检验学生的写作能力和水平，写作实践也能提高和巩固学生的写作水平。现在的试卷中，差不多每份题都有一个写作题。在平时训练时，遇到写作题学生不可以不做，不做就失去了实践的机会。教师要在课堂上给学生留出足够的写作时间，并指导学生如何写作。一般地作文要求语法正确，文字通顺，语言规范，100个词左右。一开始，教师要引导学生尽可能地多写，不要怕出错，错误是可以原谅的。只有反复练习，才能粗中取精。教师要经常表扬学生，哪怕是学生写对一个完整的英文句子，老师在恰当的时机给予一个表扬或一句鼓励的话，学生就会对写作充满信心，倍添学习的勇气。人人都喜欢受到称赞，学生也不例外。学生对写作有畏难情绪，老师的鼓励和赞扬，不仅能和谐师生之间的关系，也能激发学生对教师的爱，对英语学科的爱，对英语写作的爱，能够促进学生写作能力的提高。,例题：,根据所给信息，并结合自己的学习经验，写一封建议如何提高英语听力和口语的回信。,Dear Puzzled,Thank you for your letter.You asked me about how to improve your listening and spoken English.Here are some tips for you.First of all,you must be active in English classes.After