《动词的分类》PPT课件.ppt

中考英语总复习-动词的分类,2、知识清单,知识网络,易混点清单,模拟题详解,1、中考前瞻,中考前瞻,4、题组训练,3、中考真题,动词的分类,中考真题,中考前瞻,动词的语法现象较为复杂，难度较大，是中考重点考查的内容之一。了解动词的分类及各自的语法功能，要特别注意动词的语法意义、不同词形和固定搭配。,动词.动词短语辨析,情态动词,1、动词分类,实义动词,易混点,系动词,助动词,动词的分类,动词的分类,动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：实义(行为)动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。一、实义动词（行为动词）实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可细分为：及物动词和不及物动词。1、及物动词(vt.)及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。（1）动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。（2）动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make、let、have、see、watch、notice、hear等。,2、不及物动词(vi.)不及物动词本身意义完整，无需接宾语。Horses run fast.马跑得快。They work in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。（1）有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We study English.我们学习英语。（及物）We study hard.我们学习努力。（不及物动词）Boys fly kites.男孩们放风筝。（及物）Birds can fly.鸟会飞。（不及物）（2）有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词，要注意积累。动词+介词Look at the blackboard.看黑板。Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。,动词+副词He turned off the light when he left.他离开时把灯关了。He picked it up and gave it to me.他把它捡起来，并给了我。注意：代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。动词+副词+介词Lets go on with the work.让我们继续这项工作吧。He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。注意：宾语只能放在介词之后。动词+名词+介词He takes pride in doing a job well.他以做好工作而自豪。Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.请注意文章中的词组。注意：这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后。,be+形容词+介词We are proud of being Chinese.我们都为是中国人而感到骄傲。She is satisfied with what I said.她对我说的话感到满意。（3）延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，如live，stay，study，work，keep，teach等，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。We have lived in China since 2001.自从2001年以来，我们一直住在中国。You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借这本书两周。,非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束，如buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，come，catch等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。He has been here for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用has arrived here）The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已经开始十分钟了。（这里不能用has begun）,二、系动词,系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词有：be，become(变成)，get(成为，变得)，look(看上去)，seem(似乎，好像)，turn(变得)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(感觉)，keep(保持)。这些词没有被动语态形式，也不用于进行时态。Mr.Wang seems very angry.王先生好像很生气。This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。Now my dream becomes true.现在我的梦想实现了。You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。,三、助动词,助动词(v.aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be，have，shall(should)，will(would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。,1、助动词be（am，is，are，was，were）（1）“助动词be+现在分词”构成进行时。The students are playing games.学生们正在玩游戏。They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午一直在干什么。（2）“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态。The baby was put in bed by his mother.这个婴儿被他妈妈放在床上。The invitation was received yesterday.请帖是在昨天收到的。,2、助动词have（has，had）+过去分词，构成完成时。He has lived in Beijing since he was born.自他出身以来，他一直住在北京。3、助动词do或其相关形式用于构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。-Do you live in China?你住在中国吗？-Yes,I do.是的，我住在中国。He didnt go to see the film last Sunday.上星期他没去看电影。4、助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。（shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称）There will be more trees in one hundred years.一百年后将有更多的树。I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.到下一个生日，我就15岁了。,四、情态动词,情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语。,易混词辨析1、used to do sth和be used to doing sth的区别 be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事，to后的动词用-ing形式；used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。如：I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。I used to get up at six in the morning.我过去经常在早上六点起床。注意：be used to do sth.被用来做什么。如：Pens are used to write.钢笔被用来写字。,易混点清单,2、arrive，get和reach表示“到达”时的区别 arrive in+大地点，arrive at+小地点，get to+地点名词，reach是及物动词，后边直接跟地点名词。如：We arrived at the village at five in the aftemoon.我们在下午五点到达了那个村庄。When did you arrive in Beijing?你们是何时到北京的？How do you usually get to school?你通常怎样到学校？When she reached the office,the teacher was having a rest.当她到达办公室时，老师正在休息。,3、borrow，lend，keep borrow“借”，为非延续性动词，表示主语“借入”某物，常用短语borrow sth.from sb；lend“借”，为非延续性动词，表示主语“借出”某物，常用用短语lend sth.to sb；keep“保存；借”，为延续性动词，表示“长时间地借”。I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。Could you lend your pen to me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？How long can we keep the book?我们能借这本书多久？,4、dress，put on，wear dress sb.给某人穿衣服，dress sb.up打扮某人；put on穿，戴上，表动作；wear穿着，戴着，表状态，与“be in”同义。如：The boy dressed himself quickly.男孩快速地穿上衣服。Mother dressed her baby in a red skirt.母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。The lady dressed herself up and went to the party.这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上大衣出去了。Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。,5、see,look,watch,read see看见，表结果；look看，表动作，不及物动词，后面须加介词at才能跟宾语；watch看（比赛、电视）；read看（书、报），表示阅读。I can see an apple on the table.Look,there is a kite flying in the sky.Watching TV too much is bad for your health.Mother told her son to see the door.Dont read books in the sun.,6、bring,take,carry,fetch bring意为“带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话者的地方”；take意为“拿去，带走”，表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”；carry意为“扛，搬”，用力移动，没有方向性；fetch意为“去取，去拿”，表示往返拿物。Please take the books to the classroom.Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.The bag is very heavy.Please carry it to my office.Dont worry.I can fetch the key.,7、die,dead,death,dying die意为“死”，是不及物动词，非延续性动词；dead意为“死的”，是形容词，表状态；death意为“死”，是名词；dying意为“垂死的，要死的”，是形容词。Her grandfather died last year.她的祖父去年死了。Her grandfather has been dead for two years.她的祖父死了两年了。His death was a great loss to China.他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。,8、speak,say,talk,tell speak作为及物动词时，接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言；say常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容；talk是不及物动词，常跟介词to或with，意为“同某人谈话”，也表示具有说话能力；tell意为“告诉”，并常与story连用，意为“讲故事”9、spend,cost,take,pay spend人作主语，指花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;cost用物作主语，意为“值多少钱”；take可用于固定句型，表示花费时间、金钱，其结构为：It（形式主语）+take/took+时间金钱+to do sth.;pay与介词for连用。,10、look for，find 两个词都有“找”的意思。look for强调寻找的过程；find强调找的结果。11、listen to，hear listen to和hear都有“听”的意思。listen为不及物动词，与to组成固定搭配，强调听的动作；hear强调听的结果。12、hung，hanged 两个词同为hang的过去分词。hung意为“悬挂”；而hanged意为“绞死”。13、lose,fail,beat,win lose意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为lose to sb.;fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”；beat意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍；win意为“赢得”，如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。,14、lose，forget，leave lose意为“丢失，失去”；forget意为“忘记”，“忘记做某事”为forget to do sth.；“leave sth.+地点”意为“把某物落在某处”。15、think of,think about,think over think of意为“想到”；think about意为“考虑”，宾语it或them置后；think over意为“仔细考虑”，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题。16、join,take part in,attend 三个词都有“参加”的意思。join-般指加入“党派”或“组织”，如参军、入党等；take part in指参加聚会或活动；attend-般指出席会议。17、turn,get,grow,become turn 一般用于颜色的变化，如turn red/yellow；天变黑要用get或grow；表示天气变暖或变冷用become或get；天变长或变短一般用get。,中考真题,1.-Why are you standing outside the gate？-My father _ me wait for my aunt from the country here.A.asked B.ordered C.made D.kept解析：make sb do sth让某人干某事；ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事；order sb to do sth命令某人做某事；keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事。,C,3.-Have you really decided to _the good chance of working in the US?-Yes.I think I will get a great success in China.A.give up B.fix up C.put up D.cheer up解析：give up意为放弃，fix up意为修理，put up意为挂起、举起；cheer up意为使高兴。,A,2.-Excuse me,when will the Flight CA 980 arrive?-Wait a minute,please.Ill _ it for you.A.see B.catch C.check D.read解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。see意为看见；catch意为赶上；check意为检查、核查；read意为读。根据句意可知选C项。,C,4.-Whose test paper is it?-Im not sure.It _ be Sams for therere three papers without names.A.will B.shall C.should D.might解析：will表示将来时，shall、should意为应该，might意为可能。,D,5.-Is this T-shirt Lilys?-No,it_be hers.Its_small for her.A.cant;too much B.cant;much tooC.mustnt;too much D.mustnt;much too解析：cant是对现在的情况进行否定猜测；mustnt意为禁止。much too意为太，后加形容词；too much意为太多，后加不可数名词。,B,6、-What can we do for the people in Yushu,Qinghai Province?-Why not _ some clothes?A.throw away B.put away C.give away D.take away解析：give away扔掉；put away把.收好；give away捐赠；take away拿走。,C,D,8.Ive _ all the photos in the drawer,but I still cant find the one you need.A.opened up B.given away C.handed out D.looked through解析：open up开放，开设；give away捐赠；hand out分发；look through浏览。,D,7.-Yao Ming is getting a lot better than expected.-But his doctor _ he shouldnt be in a hurry to return to training.A.imagines B.notices C.wonders D.warns解析：imagine想象；notice注意；wonder疑惑，想知道；warn警告。,1、I do hope the people in Sichuan will soon _ their troubles.Ago over Bturn overCget over D.look over解析：go over复习；turn over翻过来；get over克服；look over检查。句意：我的确希望四川人民将很快克服困难。,C,模拟题详解,2、-The radio _ that there will be another heavy rain in Guangdong.-Too bad.It has rained for the whole week.Atells Btalks Csays Dspeaks解析：本题考查词义辨析。tell讲，告诉；talk交谈；say说，强调说话的内容；speak说某种语言。此处说在强调说话的内容。,C,3、This silk dress _ so smooth.Its made in China.Atastes Bsmells Csounds Dfeels解析：本题考查系动词的用法。taste意为尝起来，smell意为闻起来，sound意为听起来，feel意为摸起来，感觉起来。,D,4、-When did China _ Shenzhen,do you remember?-In September,2008.The astronaut Zhai Zhigang took the Chinese first spacewalk.Asend up Bsend out Cput up Dput out解析：send up发射，send out派遣，发出；put up搭建；put out出版，熄灭。,A,5、-I cant stop smoking,doctor.-For your health,Im afraid you _.Amay Bneed Chave to Dmust解析：may可以；need需要；have to不得不，表示客观上必须做；must必须，表示主观上必须做。根据句意，选择C项。,C,