《动名词用法》PPT课件.ppt

动名词用法,英语动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。从形式上,是在动词原形的末尾加上-ing，否定形式为在doing前+not.,_?,动名词构成形式（同现在分词）：,在doing前+not,一.直接在动词后面加-ing 1.do-doing 做 2.stand-standing 站 3.sleep-sleeping 睡觉 4.eat-eating 吃 5.sing-singing 唱 6.drink-drinking 喝 7.read-reading 读 8.look-looking 看 9.walk-walking 散步 10.watch-watching 看11.draw-drawing 画 12.fly-flying 飞 13.open-opening 打开14.jump-jumping 跳 15.do-doing 做 16.paint-painting 绘画 17.pick-picking 捡 18.play-playing 玩 19.garden-gardening 做园艺工作 20.talk-talking 说话 21.cook-cooking 烹饪 22.see-seeing 看见23.learn-learning 学习 24.catch-catching 抓住 25.climb-climbing 爬 26.count-counting 数数 27.clean-cleaning 打扫 28.fish-fishing 钓鱼,二.以不发音的e 结尾的 去e+-ing e coming 来 2.dance-dancing 跳舞 3.close-closing 关 4.make making 制造 5.ride riding 骑 6.write-writing 写 7.take-taking 拿走 8.phone-phoning 打电话 9.dance-dancing跳舞 9.move moving 移动 搬 10.have having 有 11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking,三.重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing 1.sit-sitting 做 2.hop-hopping 单脚跳 3.swim-swimming 游泳 4.run-running 跑 5.cut cutting 切 6.put putting 放 7.get-getting 得到 8.shop-shopping 购物 9.skip-skipping 跳绳 10.begin-beginning 开始 11.forget-forgetting 12.stop-stopping 13.rob-robbing抢劫 14.prefer-preferring 更喜欢,四.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing;1.lie-lying 2.die-dying,英语重读闭音节：是指在一个音节（一个音节是由一个元音和辅音构成的，并且至少包含一个元音，可以没有辅音）中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节；元音字母不是发它本身的字母音。比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple，前面ap 是一个音节，以辅音因素p结尾就是闭音节。重读闭音节三要素：1.必须是重读音节；2.最后只有一个辅音字母；3.元音字母发短元音。重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当于把gin改成双写的)像travel这种重读不在的vel，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled.举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding(重读闭音节，双写)prohibit-prohibiting（重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）,动名词的形式：,(not)(not)(not)(not),动名词特点:,1、动：它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征-能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时叫动名词短语；2、名：动名词最大的特点是相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定、同位语等。因为它作为名词来使用，所以也会出现名词所有格/形物代+动名词。,His/Marys bag,His/Marys doing sth.他/Mary做,being admitted into a key university 被重点大学录取,doing homework 做作业,His/Marys being admitted into a key university 他/Mary被重点大学录取,1、动名词作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：,Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.His being elected American president made us think of a lot.,(Trumps),（特朗普）,动名词作主语时，还可以用it作形式主语：It is no good waiting here.It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is a waste of time talking to him.,早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。,考试作弊毁坏人的性格。,他 当选为美国总统让我们想起了许多许多。,形物代/所有格,特殊情况：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用：1.用it作形式主语,It is no use doing.做是无用的。It is no good doing.做是没好处的。It is useless doing.做是无用的。Its a waste of time doing.做是浪费时间。,2.“There is no+动名词”句式来表示,There is no _(joke)about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no _(litter)about.不许乱扔杂物。There is no _(hold)back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。,joking,littering,holding,2.动名词作宾语,1）动名词作某些动词宾语。现阶段常见动词：mind,suggest,enjoy,admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,escape,forgive,imagine,keep,miss,practise,resist,risk,deny,consider。Many people enjoy _(sunbathe)on the beach in summer.夏季，很多人喜欢在沙滩日光浴。I suggest _(do)it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。,（介意）（建议）（欣赏）（承认）（感激，欣赏）（避免）（推迟）（逃脱）（宽恕）（想象）（保持）（错过）,（训练）（抵抗，抵制）（冒险）（拒绝，否认）（考虑）等。,sunbathing,doing,动名词作介词宾语时，通常放在由动词或形容词与介词组成的动词短语或形容词短语后。此类短语有很多。如：look forward to,be proud of be responsible for,insist on,think of,dream of,object to,hear of,prevent from,keepfrom,stopfrom,be engaged in,depend on,thankfor,excusefor,aim at,devoteto,set about,be/get used to,be fond of,be afraid of,be tired of,succeed in,be interested in,be ashamed of,be against 等等。,2）动名词作介词宾语,（渴望，盼望）,（以自豪）,（对负责）,（坚持）,（考虑，想到）,（梦想）,（反对，抗议）,（听说）,（防止，阻止）,（防止，阻止）,（防止，阻止）,（从事于）,（依靠，依赖）,（因而道谢）,（因而道歉）,（目的在于）,（献身于）,（着手做）,（习惯于）,（喜欢）,（害怕）,（对厌烦）,（成功地做）,（对感兴趣）,（对感到羞愧）,(反对),注意：1）在有些句子中，介词常可省去。,I have no difficulty(in)communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing games.过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。What can prevent us(from)getting married?有什么能阻止我们结婚？,2）动名词可以和一些介词如in,on,after,against,before,by,for,without,besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。,He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Besides cooking and sewing,she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。On hearing the news,all the pupils jumped with joy.听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。,3）want（需要）,need（需要）,deserve（值得）,require（需要）等词后，用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思，即 want doing=want to be done need doing=need to be done deserve doing=deserve to be done require doing=require to be done,Your car needs filling.你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。,2.在 be worth后面只能用动名词的主动语态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.The lecture is worth listening to.,4）动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构指动名词前有其逻辑主语。复合结构通常由“形物代、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+动名词”构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。His coming made us very happy.他的到来使我们大家都很高兴。I dont mind your opening the window.=I dont mind you opening the window.我不介意你开窗。I enjoyed listening to Johns singing.=I enjoyed listening to john singing.我喜欢听约翰唱歌。,5).动名词的一般式有时可代替完成式。如：I remember seeing/having seen you.Im sorry for coming/having come late.,3.动名词作表语,His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是收集邮票。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。Teaching is learning.教学相长.注意：1）主语和表语可以互换位置,2）动名词和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是动名词时，表语也用动名词。To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.,4.动名词作定语,动名词作定语时一般前置，与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，表所修饰名词的用途，而现在分词作定语时与所修饰的名词之间有主谓关系。A reading room 阅览室 A swimming pool 游泳池 A dining car 餐车A sleeping car 卧车A singing competition 歌咏比赛A waiting room候车室sleeping pills 安眠药 a walking stick 拐棍儿,a room is used for reading,a pool is used for swimming,a car is used for dining,A swimming boy=a boy who is swimming,5.动名词作同位语,His habit,listening to the news on the radio，remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。,1.He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr.Turner.A.been called B.called C.having called D.being called2.Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left Jane to be left3._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D.The presidents attending4.Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A.his being not able B.him not to be ableC.his not being able D.him to be not able5.The discovery of new evidence led to _.(2003上海)A.the thief having caught B.catch the thiefC.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught,Practice,_,_,_,_,_,6.-What made Bill so angry?-_.His girl friend promised to come at 8:30,but she hasnt come yet.A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting C.Be kept waiting D.Being kept waited7.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 8.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded,_,_,_,1.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed 2.The light in the office is still on.Oh,I forgot_ A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 3.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 4.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking 5.I must apologize for _ ahead of time.That all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know6.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done,巩固练习：,_,_,_,_,_,_,7.Once your business becomes international,_ constantly will be part of your life.A.you fly B.your flight C.flight D.flying 8.What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing9.Would you please tell me something about the journalists.Dont you remember _the story yesterday?A.telling B.being told C.to tell D.to have told10.One learns a language by making mistakes and _them.A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct11.Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.A.hed like to collect coin as well B.he feels like collecting coins,too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D.collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 12.I hear theyve promoted Tom,but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.（2008江西卷）A.to promote B.having been promoted C.having promoted D.to be promoted,_,_,_,_,_,_,13.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（07全国卷II）A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed D.to open and close14._ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.(2002上海)A.Exposed B.Having exposedC.Being exposed D.After being exposed,_,_,