《初中定语从句》PPT课件.ppt

2023/7/10,Look at these sentences,例句1：The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.1.先行词 man（即从句修饰的名词或代词）;2.关系代词 who/that（修饰人）。例句2：This is the town where I was born.1.先行词 town（即从句修饰的名词）；2.关系副词 where（修饰地点，从句中状语）。,2023/7/10,一、定语从句及相关概念,定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用的表示。,2023/7/10,一、定语从句及相关概念,如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。The girl who is standing there is Mary.定语从句,2023/7/10,概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。放在先行词之后 The girl who is standing there is Mary.先行词 关系词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。分关系代词和关系副词关系词的作用:连接作用，引导定语从句。代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。在定语从句中充当一句子成分。,2023/7/10,2023/7/10,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词和关系代词的种类,2023/7/10,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman is my mother.She is speaking at the meeting The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.,2023/7/10,判断步骤：（1）要判断出先行词（2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分（3）要确定关系代词的人称和数注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制The woman who(that)spoken yesterday is my mother.,2023/7/10,2.定语从句的辨认与使用 思考步骤：（1）找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格（3）确定从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother is talking to?,2023/7/10,3.各关系代词的使用方法（1）who（whom）who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。例如：The girl who is standing there is Mary.She is the girl who/whom I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very famous,2023/7/10,注：为以下情况时，who不与that通用a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who.b.当先行词有较长定语时用who I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d.在there be 开头的句中用who,2023/7/10,(2)whose是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the bag whose cover is red.(3)That 只用于限定性定语从句中，介词后不能跟that，而跟which.His mother does morning exercises every day,which is good for her health.在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.,2023/7/10,使用关系词应注意的问题,下列情况必须用“that”,不能用“which”:1.先行词all，anything，something,nothing,everything Is this all that is left?(就剩下这一个了吗？)2.先行词none,much,only 修饰。The only thing that is important is to find our way home.(唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。)3.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的电影。),2023/7/10,4.“time”做先行词表示“次”。This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.(这是我第一次去北京。)5.先行词既有人又有物：Maria took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句 在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。This is Johns book,which is very interesting.(这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。),2023/7/10,在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that.在限定性定语从句中只用which，而不用that的情况。,a.关系代词前有介词时 This is the hotel in which you will stay.b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which.Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.,2023/7/10,关系代词与介词 1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：The man（whom/who/that/）he wants to see is in Shanghai.,2023/7/10,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的作用：（1）在定语从句中替代先行词（2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用（3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句关系副词：where/when/why.各关系副词的用法：,2023/7/10,由关系副词引导的定语从句,引导词:when where why I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.先行词“the day”在从句中做状语,表示时间:I first came to Beijing on the day.(所以用关系副词when。)比较：I still remember the day(_)we spend together.先行词“the day”在从句中做spend宾语：We spend the day together.（所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）,which/that,when,2023/7/10,2.This is the place _ we worked last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点：We worked in the place last year.(所以用关系副词where。)比较：This is the place(_)we visited last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做visited的宾语：We visited the place last year.(所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词；先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。,where,which/that,注意,2023/7/10,3.That is the reason(_)he dislikes me.That is(the reason)why he dislikes me.先行词“the reason”表示原因，用关系副词why.该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。,why,关系代词：1.先行词是人 2.先行词是物 关系副词：1.先行词是时间 2.先行词是地点 3.先行词是原因,who,whose,whom,that,which,that,when,where,why,whose,2023/7/10,Practice(练习),1.The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Australia.这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利亚的朋友寄给我的。,2.I borrowed the bike from Tom _ father is a teacher.我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。,whose,who,2023/7/10,4.We live on the earth,_ is much bigger than the moon.(非限定性定语从句)我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。(“the earth”在从句中做主语),3.This is the earth _ we live.这就是我们居住的地球。(“the earth”在从句中做状语),5.I still remember the day _ Mary made a chocolate cake.我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那一天。(“the day”在从句中做状语),where,which,when,2023/7/10,1.This is the comrade _ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2.Whos the student _ the teacher is talking with?3.I like the present _ youve sent to me.4.The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.5.This is the most difficult job _ weve ever done.,who/that,that,that/which,who/whom/that,that,2023/7/10,将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。,1.He is the young writerHe wrote the book2.The foreign guest is MrGreenYou saw him at the school gate,He who wrote the book is the young writer.,The foreign guest who/whom you saw at the school gate is Mr.Green.,2023/7/10,3.Ive received the bookFather sent it to me.4.Do you see the bridge?It was built last year 5.The bike was not good.You wanted to buy it,Ive received the book which/that father sent to me.,Do you see the bridge which/that was built last year?,The bike which/that you wanted to buy was not good.,