《分词作状语学生》PPT课件.ppt
Unit One-StructureThe Participle as an adverbial,分词作状语,分词作状语的形式,注意：不及物动词的现在分词是没有被动语态形式的,各种形式的用法及语法意义,(1)doing:分词表达的动作与主句主语成主动关系,并且与主句谓语动词表达的动作(基本)同时发生。,e.g.Last weekend,I went shopping,hoping to buy something.(Although)Admitting what you say,I still think you are wrong._(be)short of money,they had to spend the night in a small hotel.,Being,(2)having done:分词表达的动作与主句主语成主动关系,并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前(两动作之间有明显的时间间隔），或者其本来就是完成时形式。,e.g.Having stood there for near an hour,I couldnt buy it without money.(Once)Having made a promise,you should keep it.Not having received his letter,she decided to write again.,Although _(graduate)from the college for many years,he didnt stop studying.,having graduated,(3)having been done:分词表达的动作与主句主语成被动关系,并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前(两动作之间有明显的时间间隔），或者其本来就是完成时形式。,e.g.Having been told to be careful many times before,I forgot it that day.Having been given more time,I would have done it better._ for a long time,the flower is almost dying.A.Having not watered B.Not wateringC.Not having been wateredD.Not been watered,使用having done或having been done的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或完成的时间状语，例如：before,already,for a long time,many times等。,窍门,(4)done:分词表达的动作与主句主语成被动关系，并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前或同时发生。,e.g.Attracted by the salesman,I walked to her.(When)Taught by the salesman how to use it,suddenly I found my bag was open and my wallet was missing.e.g.Founded in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.,1._(compare)with the developed countries,some African countries are left far behind in terms of peoples living standard.2.When you are being talked to,you should look into the eyes of the person.(When)talked to,you should look into the eyes of the person.,Compared,1.分词或分词短语作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式或伴随状况等。2.分词或分词短语作状语时，分词必须与主句主语有主动或被动的关系；否则，不能将表示时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式或伴随等含义的动词转换成分词结构。3.如果分词短语作表示时间、条件、让步状语时，分词短语前有时可带when，while，where，as if，even if，although，once，unless，until等连接词。,总结,通过句意或句子间的关系来判断状语部分（确定使用分词的部分）；分词在句中可以作表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随、方式等关系的状语；使用分词前务必判断分词动作与主句主语之间是否存在主被动关系；通过判断分词动作与主句主语的主被动关系，和判断分词动作与主语谓语动作发生时间的先后或同时关系，来选择恰当的分词形式；切记：用作状语关系的分词只有以下四种形式doing,done,having done,having been done。,解题方法,一些惯用分词结构,背下来,generally speaking 一般说来strictly speaking 严格说来roughly speaking 大致说来broadly speaking 广义上说narrowly speaking 狭义上说frankly/honestly speaking 坦白说，老实说judging from/by 由判断considering 考虑到allowing for 考虑到talking/speaking of 提到providing/provided 如果weather/time/condition天气/时间 条件允许的话,
