《中医英语翻译》PPT课件.ppt
科技英语翻译之,中医英语翻译,1.中医药英译方法的标准2.中医药英译标准方法示例 3.翻译实例,中医药英译的方法,1.中医药英译的方法的标准,1.1 中医药英译标准的原则1.2 中医药英译标准的分类,Go,Go,1.1 中医药英译标准的原则,能用现代西医的对应英语单词或词组就不要另用其他的翻译方法,不必强求“形似”与“神似”两全;,要制定一个学科的标准,首先要制定原则。,尽量少用汉语拼音,能用意译的就不用汉语拼音。,对基础理论名词术语、四字句词语尽可能用信息密度高的构词方法,简约、精炼,具有良好的回译性,避免使用解释性翻译;,1.2 中医药英译标准的分类,原单词类;词缀加词根类;汉语拼音类;汉语拼音加单词类;词缀或词根用联字符号“-”联结类;汉语拼音英语化类;用大写字母缩写类。,Back,2.中医药英译标准方法示例,2.1 对等翻译法2.2 创词翻译法2.3 汉语拼音翻译法2.4 综合翻译法,Back,2.1 对等翻译法,生理解剖术语:“心”heart“肺”lung“脾”spleen“肝”liver“胆”gall“胃”stomach,病因病机术语伤风,感冒cold 病邪,疾病disease症,症状symptom 征,体征sign虚asthenia 发热fever证候,综合征syndrome,疾病名称术语头痛headache 咳嗽cough肺痨,结核病,肺结核tuberculosis风湿病rheumatism,2.2 创词翻译法,此法有的叫做“创造新词法”、“仿造法”、“词素仿造法”、“词素层翻译法”,四诊,望inspection 闻auscultation问interrogation 切pulse palpation,八纲阴yin 阳yang 表exterior 里interior虚asthenia 实sthenia 寒cold 热heat,2.2 创词翻译法,辨证 syndro-differentiation,syndrome,syndro-,differentiation,辨证论治pathotheragnomypathos 病、难受)”、therapy 治疗、疗法-gnomy 方法、技术、知识,2.3 汉语拼音翻译法,此法在中医药英译中是必不可少的,许多学者都有共识。但应尽可能减少到最低限度。根据上述原则,能用意译(不是指解释性翻译)的就不用汉语拼音。目前,国际上公认的有“阴阳”和针灸学中的腧穴名称,而且已经在逐渐形成习惯。,中药方剂名称桂枝汤guizhi decoction 桑菊饮sangju potion银翘散yinqiao powder 六味地黄丸liuweidihuang pill,2.3 汉语拼音翻译法,“阴阳”这个中医学术语中的核心词,使用频率极高,滋阴潜阳reyin and deyang 扶阳抑阴reyang and deyin滋肝阴reyin(ing)the liver 潜肝阳deyang(ing)the liver肺阴虚pulmoyinpenia 心阳虚cardioyangpenia脾肾阳虚splenonephroyangpenia阴血亏虚yindepletemia,动词化,这种方法实际上包括了“音意法”、“形意法”、“转化法”等少见少用术语的翻译方法。音意法,2.4 综合翻译法,正气competence邪气pathogen,音意法,手太阴肺经 chirotaiyinpulmochannel足阳明胃经 pediyangminggastrochannel,形意法,骑竹马Anaturopathy,转化法,Back,3 翻译实例,3.1 时态(tense)3.2 语态(voice)3.3 语气(mood)3.4 条件句(conditional adverbial clause)3.5 祈使句(imperative sentence),3.1 时态(tense),e.g.湿为长夏主气。Dampness is the main climatic factor of the late summer.,e.g.气为血之帅。血为气之母。Qi is the commander of blood and blood is the mother of qi.,e.g.虚则补之,实则泻之。,3.2 语态(voice),被动语态不仅可以使叙述和论述显得客观,而且可以突出动作的对象。,The needle should be inserted coordinately with the help of both hands.Generally it is held with the right hand known as the puncturing hand.The left hand known as the pressing hand pushes firmly against the area close to the point.,e.g.针刺操作,需双手协作进行。右手持针,进行针刺操作,称为刺手;左手按压穴位局部,帮助针刺。称为押手。,Reinforcing is applied in case of deficiency.The excess syndrome is treated by the reducing method.,3.3 语气(mood),在翻译过程中,常使用 should,must,can,would等情态动词(modal verb)。,e.g.阴和阳都不能脱离对方而单独存在。,Neither yin or yang can exist in isolation.,e.g.重阴必阳,重阳必阴。,e.g.阴无阳不生,阳无 阴不长。,Extreme yin will necessarily produce yang and vice versa.,Without yang there would be no production of yin.Without yin there would be no production of yang.,3.4 条件句(conditional adverbial clause),条件句的使用主要是用在异常情况处理、预防及针灸注意事项当中。,e.g.医者在针刺过程中,发现患者面色苍白,出汗或诉说 头晕时,这是 晕针的表现,应及时采取处理措施。During the treatment if there appear some symptoms of fainting such as pallor,sweating or dizziness management should be taken promptly.,e.g.滞针,若因单 向捻转而致者,则须反向捻转。The stuck needle,suppose it is due to excessive rotation in one direction will be released by twirling in the opposite direction.,3.5 祈使句(imperative sentence),e.g.嘱患者放松,不要紧张。Tell the patient to relax.,在翻译实践也常使用祈使句,医生该如何做,不该如何做,都应该清楚明白、浅显易懂、没有歧义。因此在英译时就需使用祈使句。,e.g.立即停止针刺,将针取出。Stop needling immediately and withdraw the needles.,Thank You!,