水手比利ppt课件.ppt

-Herman Melville,Billy Budd,Herman Melville,Humanity,divinity,V.S,Billy Budd(1885-1891)unfinishedRamond M.Weaver published 1st edition in 1924 2nd edition in1928F.Barron Freeman 3rd edition 1948Harrison Hayford and Merton M.Sealtss double texts 1962,Characters,The handsome sailor2.Inspires the men around him 3.Is falsely accused and condemned to die,Billy Budd,John Claggart,1.The ships Master-at-arms（纠察长）2.Evil by nature；3.Incredibly petty jealousy,Edward Fairfax Vere,The Captain2.Knowledgable and sophisticated 3.the Decision Maker in Billys case,Setting,The story takes place in 1797 during the Napoleonic Wars and the Nore Mutiny(诺尔兵变)Atheist:French warship,plot,Conflict:Claggarts jealousy,hatred,accusation,Climax:Billy kills Claggart,Suspense:The Trial and Execution,Ending:The Remembering of Billy Budd,Billy,an orphaned child,is adored by the crew,but for unexplained reasons arouses the antagonism of John Claggart,who falsely accuses Billy of conspiracy to mutiny.When Claggart brings his charges to the Captain,the Hon.Edward Fairfax“Starry”Vere,Vere summons both Claggart and Billy to his cabin for a private confrontation.When,in Billys and Veres presence,Claggart makes his false charges,Billy is unable to find the words to respond owing to a speech impediment（口吃）.Unable to express himself verbally,he strikes and accidentally kills Claggart.,Vere then convenes a court-martial.He acts as prosecutor,defense counsel and sole witness(except for Billy himself).He then intervenes in the deliberations of the court-martial panel（全体陪审员）to argue them into convicting Billy,despite their and his belief in Billys innocence before God.(As Vere says in the moments following Claggarts death,Struck dead by an angel of God!Yet the angel must hang!)Vere claims to be following the letter of the Mutiny Act and the Articles of War.,Having started the process,Vere and the other officers find that their own opinion matters little.We are not talking about justice,we are talking about the law,that is,the law dictates what must ensue,whether or not it is just.The law states that an enlisted man killing an officer during wartime(accidentally or not)must hang.Vere spells out the awful truth and explains their inability to mete out leniency.,Condemned to be hanged from the ships yardarm at dawn the morning after the killing,Billys final words are,God bless Captain Vere!,which is then repeated by the gathered crew in a resonant and sympathetic echo.,God bless Captain Vere!,Analysis and interpretations,A story ultimately about good and evil,Billy Budd has often been interpreted allegorically,with Billy interpreted as the Christ or as Adam(before the Fall),with Claggart(compared to a snake several times in the text)figured as Evil.Part of Claggarts hatred comes because of Billys goodness rather than in spite of it.Claggart is also thought of as the Biblical Judas.The act of turning an innocent man in to the authorities and the allusion of the priest kissing Billy on the cheek before he dies,just as Judas kisses Jesus on the cheek when he was betrayed,are cited in support of this reading.Vere is often associated with Pontius Pilate.This theory stems mainly from the characteristics attributed to each man.,Thanks for your attention!,