tododoing的名词用法.ppt

不定式的名词用法,一、不定式结构作主语,To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.To persevere means victory!注：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：Its a great pleasure to be here.It is not an easy thing to master a language.注：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：It took us five hours to get there.It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.,注：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组”来表示，如：It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It was difficult for me to do the work.注：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：Its kind of you to think so much of us.Its very nice of you to be so considerate.Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.It was careless of her to make such a mistake.,二、不定式结构作表语,1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.Your mistake was not to write that letter.My suggestion is to start work at once.What I would suggest is to start work at once.注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”，如：All we have to do is push the button.The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.All I could do was send him a telegram.,三、不定式结构作动词宾语,1“动词+带 to 的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等，例如：Ive arranged to meet him at ten oclock.I didnt expect to find you here.2“动词+疑问词+带 to 的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder 等。疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which（why 除外），如：I dont know what to do/where to go/who(m)to ask/when to stop/how to get there.I havent decided whether to sell it or not.We must find out what to do next/where to put it.,注：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.注：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或 but(=except)的结构中才能这样用，例如：He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.The child did nothing except weep.She can do anything but sing.He will do anything for you except lend you money.They could do nothing but wait for the doctors to arrive.注意不定式符号的省略问题！,动名词的名词用法,动词-ing 形式作主语通常放句首，被看作是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,1.做主语,eg.Getting up early is a good habit.,eg.It is no use talking with him.It was a waste of time watching TV.,有时用 it 作形式主语，把动词-ing 形式 置后。例如：,a waste of time no good/no useIt+be+useless+V-ing worthwhile fun,在 there be 结构中作主语，例如：,no no sense in（没有道理）There be+no point in（毫无意义）+V-ing no use in,eg.There was no knowing when he would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no point in discussing such matter.讨论这样的问题毫无意义。,2.作宾语,作介词的宾语,eg.She is interested in working for our firm.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。,部分动词后必须用doing 作宾语，例如：enjoy,practise,advise,suggest,mind,forbid,keep,finish,admit 等。,eg.I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解新事物。You should practise speaking English every morning.你应该每天早晨练习英语。,注意：有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to,但意义不同，注意区分。,例如：remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事,类似的词还有forget，regret，stop 等。,3.作表语,eg.His favorite sport is hiking.他最喜欢的运动是徒步旅行。My job is playing all kinds of instruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。,