summary-writing总结写法.ppt

2023/7/8,Summary Writing,The 100-Word Summary,What is a summary?,A summary is a short version of a reading;it is a condensed version of a piece.,Why is summary writing useful?,Teachers use summary writing to test your understanding of reading material.Summary writing helps you comprehend information as you attempt to pull out just the essential information from a reading.,2,Key points to remember.,Write a summary in your words,not the authors.Avoid using quotes in a summary.Paraphrase key ideas.(If you use three or more words in the same order as the author,you must place them in quotes).Do not use personal opinions!Include only the most important information.Avoid detailed information of actions or events.Write your summary in the present tense.A summary is rarely longer than a page.,3,Summaries versus essays,In an essay,you may develop and support your opinions and ideas.In a summary,however,you may not include your opinions and ideas.A summary should cover the ideas that were presented in the reading-not yours.A summary,just like an essay,has an introduction,a body,and a conclusion.,4,Organization of a summary,The 100-word summary consists of three parts:introductionbodyconclusion,5,Introduction,The introduction of a summary is usually one paragraph long.,6,What to include in the introduction,Title of the readingIf it is an article,essay,or short story place the title in quotes.If it is a book,underline the title.Name of the authorPurpose of reading or overall point the writer is trying to get across,7,Body of a summary,The body of a summary is generally one to three paragraphs long,dependent on the length of the reading.,8,What to include in the body,Important points of reading,such as main ideas,facts,and examples.Other secondary points that are relevant to key ideas.Include specific details as needed to get the authors points across.Paraphrase the information while maintaining the authors tone and attitude as much as possible.,9,Conclusion,The conclusion of a summary is generally one paragraph long.,10,What to include in the conclusion,Conclude by presenting the authors final comments.Or,Conclude by bringing up the main point of the reading.,11,What not to do in a conclusion,Do not conclude by giving your personal opinion of the reading.Remember,you must include only the authors opinions.Think of yourself as a reporter,not an interpreter!Personal reflections in conclusions are appropriate only in essays.,12,Checking your summary,Read it out loud closely.Do you have at least three paragraphs?Examine each part(introduction,body,and conclusion)using the criteria for writing a good summary as a checklist.Spell check and proof read your summary.Make sure your information is accurate!,13,Is your summary good?,Have a friend who has not read the piece read your summary.Someone who has not read the piece should be able to get a clear picture of the ideas and the tone of the actual writing from reading your summary.,14,Benefits of summary writing,Remember that summary writing:helps you understand and remember information.improves your writing skills.Remember that a good summary:must be precise and clear.Remember that the more summaries you write:the better you will get at using language effectively.,15,Other benefits,Consider writing summaries for all your readings;it will help you“know what you know”and do better on mid-term and final exams.Summary writing will also help you remember what you read as you have to pull out main points.,16,Sample Summary,Lets examine the following summary.Without having read the story,try to figure out whether it is complete or not.Use your checklist with the criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of this summary.,Summary of“I Wont Learn from You”(Introduction,paragraph 1),Herbert Kohl writes a story about an experience that he had with a student named Barry and the lesson he learned about not-learning and failing.The author starts out by talking about his frustrations with students who were intelligent but were not trying to learn.Kohl tried to figure out the reasons why these students were failures and lists all kinds of reasons.,Help finding problems?,(Body,paragraph 2),One year,he got a new student in his class that nobody else wanted because he was difficult and uncooperative.All the teachers were afraid of Barry because of his size and behavior.The students though really liked Barry because he was a good athlete and storyteller.It seemed that Barry was smart,but he never did his homework.Kohl figured out that Barry didnt know how to read and decided to help him.He planned out a performance and tricked Barry into reading by reading him the words first.The trick worked and Barry learned how to read.,Help finding problems?,(Conclusion,paragraph 3),Kohl learned that choice and will play a very important role in learning,and that if Barry had chosen not to go along with his trick,he wouldnt have learned how to read.,Help evaluating the conclusion?,2023/7/8,Summary Writing,A wonderful study tool;use it!,Introduction:Problems,The title of the story is not listed in the introduction.The last sentence should present specifically what Kohl covers in the story instead of using a general statement:“all kinds of reasons.”,Back to sample introduction,Body:Problems,The name of the student should be given right away-in the first sentence.More information is needed to fully understand the extent of the problem that the teacher had.What class was he teaching?How old is Barry?How big was he anyway?What performance did he plan?How did he trick him?Why did it work?,Back to sample body,Conclusion:Problems,The conclusion seems clear;its short and sweet.,Back to sample conclusion,