Malthusianism马尔萨斯人口论介绍.ppt

Malthusianism,The Malthusianism is the population theory created by Thomas Robert Malthus.,AN ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION,In 1798,Thomas Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population,describing his theory of quantitative development of human populations.,The two principles in the essay,Firstly,food is necessary to the existence of man.Secondly,the passion between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state.,The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man,Theory of population growth,Population is necessarily limitted by means of subsistencePopulation invariably increases where means of subsistence increases unless prevented by some very powerful&obvious checksThese checks,which repress the power of population growth,and keep its effects on a level with the means of subsistence are resolvable into moral restraint(chastity),vice(birth control,postponement of marriage)&misery(starvation),Proposed solutions,Malthus argued that two types of checks hold population within resource limits positive checks include hunger,disease and war preventive ones abortion,birth control,prostitution,postponement of marriage and celibacy,Limitation:,It can not reflect the social reason of the population phenomenonIt can not foresee modern science and technology in improving agriculture,industry production and the scientific birth control,Many people criticized Malthuss theory,but do not forget his words in his work:If he should succeed in drawing the attention of more able men to what he conceives to be the principal difficulty in the way to the improvement of society and should,in consequence,see this difficulty removed,even in theory,he will gladly retract his present opinions and rejoice in a conviction of his error.,Thanks for your time,