linux虚拟机安装使用.ppt

虚拟机,在实际应用中有时我们有可能还要用到windows 环境，为了不切换系统，我们可以使用虚拟机技术在linux 操作系统中再安装一个windows xp系统，让xp 跑在linux下，现在虚拟机软件有很多，例如parallels、virtualbox以及vmware等，本章主要介绍vmware（paralles 安装xp 非常慢、virtualbox 设置没有vmware 简单）。,1 安装vmware,首先大家要下载5.5.3版for linux 的包，如图所示，因为版本低的会出现找不到内核问题,虚拟机,然后将该包解压缩。（我将该包全部文件解压到桌面上的vmware-distrib目录中）进入终端窗口后，输入cd/root/Desktop/vmware-distrib 并回车，现在终端提示符变更为rootlocalhost vmware-distrib#，输入./vmware-install.pl 并回车出现以下提示：Creating a new installer database using the tar3 format.Installing the content of the package.In which directory do you want to install the binary files?/usr/bin,虚拟机,这个选项是问你是否想要把二进制可执行文件放入默认的usrbin 文件夹中，回车后出现以下提示：What is the directory that contains the init directories(rc0.d/to rc6.d/)?/etc/rc.d回车后出现：What is the directory that contains the init scripts?/etc/rc.d/init.d,虚拟机,回车后出现：In which directory do you want to install the library files?/usr/lib/vmware回车后出现：The path/usr/lib/vmware does not exist currently.This program is going tocreate it,including needed parent directories.Is this what you want?yes 输入y 后并回车，系统自动建立相关文件夹并复制相关文件，需要等一会，可以看见光标闪呀闪，然后会出现：,虚拟机,In which directory do you want to install the manual files?/usr/share/man回车后出现：In which directory do you want to install the documentation files?/usr/share/doc/vmware回车后出现：The path/usr/share/doc/vmware does not exist currently.This program is goingto create it,including needed parent directories.Is this what you want?yes,虚拟机,输入y 并回车后出现：The installation of VMware Workstation 5.5.3 build-34685 for Linux completedsuccessfully.You can decide to remove this software from your system at any timeby invoking the following command:/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall.pl.Before running VMware Workstation for the first time,you need to configure itby invoking the following command:/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl.Do you want thisprogram to invoke the command for you now?yes 第一段的意思是告诉用户将来可以用/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall.pl 命令来卸载该软件,虚拟机,第二段的意思是在该虚拟机第一次运行前必须对它用/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl 这个命令进行配置，你现在是否执行？当然了，回车，然后会出现下面的提示：Making sure services for VMware Workstation are stopped.Stopping VMware services:Virtual machine monitor 确定You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.Press enterto display it.最后一段话是让用户阅读并接受该软件的授权许可，按回车键显示，你也可以按住回车键不放，会发现屏幕在飞快地向上滚动，同时最下面的一行会有一个百分比数字在增加，全部显示完毕后会出现：Do you accept?(yes/no),1 安装vmware 续,这里必须输入y，然后出现以下提示：Thank you.Configuring fallback GTK+2.4 libraries.In which directory do you want to install the mime type icons?/usr/share/icons回车后出现：What directory contains your desktop menu entry files?These files havea.desktop file extension./usr/share/applications,虚拟机,回车后出现：In which directory do you want to install the applications icon?/usr/share/pixmaps回车后出现：Trying to find a suitable vmmon module for your running kernel.None of the pre-built vmmon modules for VMware Workstation is suitable foryour running kernel.Do you want this program to try to build the vmmon module foryour system(you need to have a C compiler installed on your system)?yes输入y 并回车后出现：,虚拟机,Using compiler/usr/bin/gcc.Use environment variable CC to override.What is the location of the directory of C header files that match your runningkernel?/lib/modules/2.6.18-1.2798.fc6/build/include回车后出现：Extracting the sources of the vmmon module.Building the vmmon module.Using 2.6.x kernel build system.,make:Entering directory/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-onlymake-C/lib/modules/2.6.18-1.2798.fc6/build/include/.SUBDIRS=$PWDSRCROOT=$PWD/.modulesmake1:Entering directory/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-1.2798.fc6-i686CC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/linux/driver.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/linux/hostif.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/common/cpuid.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/common/hash.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/common/memtrack.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/common/phystrack.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/common/task.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/common/vmx86.oCC M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/vmcore/moduleloop.o,LD M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/vmmon.oBuilding modules,stage 2.MODPOSTCC/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/vmmon.mod.oLD M/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-only/vmmon.komake1:Leaving directory/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-1.2798.fc6-i686cp-f vmmon.ko././vmmon.omake:Leaving directory/tmp/vmware-config0/vmmon-onlyThe module loads perfectly in the running kernel.Do you want networking for your virtual machines?(yes/no/help)yes 最后一行是问你是否需要虚拟机能够运行网络，当然选是，输入y 并回车出现：,Configuring a bridged network for vmnet0.Your computer has multiple ethernet network interfaces available:eth0,eth1.Which one do you want to bridge to vmnet0?eth0 这里是让你配置真实网卡与虚拟网卡桥接的，注意，第二段可能每个人的机器显示会不一样，如果机器上只有一块网卡就没有选择的余地了，因为我家里的台式机有两块网卡，eth1 是连接ADSL宽带用的，eth0是与笔记本电脑进行双机互联用的，所以我选eth0，请大家根据自己的实际情况配置，输入eth0 后回车出现：,The following bridged networks have been defined:.vmnet0 is bridged to eth0Do you wish to configure another bridged network?(yes/no)no 你是否需要配置另一个桥接网络，这里默认的选项是no，回车后出现：Do you want to be able to use NAT networking in your virtual machines?(yes/no)yes,1 安装vmware 再续,回车后出现：Configuring a NAT network for vmnet8.Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet?(yes/no/help)yesProbing for an unused private subnet(this can take some time).Either your host is not connected to an IP network,or its networkconfiguration does not specify a default IP route.Consequently,the subnet172.16.40.0/255.255.255.0 appears to be unused.This system appears to have a DHCP server configured for normal use.Bewarethat you should teach it how not to interfere with VMware Workstations DHCPserver.There are two ways to do this:1)Modify the file/etc/dhcpd.conf to add something like:subnet 172.16.40.0 netmask 255.255.255.0,1)Modify the file/etc/dhcpd.conf to add something like:subnet 172.16.40.0 netmask 255.255.255.0#Note:No range is given,vmnet-dhcpd will deal with this subnet.2)Start your DHCP server with an explicit list of network interfaces to dealwith(leaving out vmnet8).e.g.:dhcpd eth0Consult the dhcpd(8)and dhcpd.conf(5)manual pages for details.Hit enter to continue.按一下回车键并出现：Do you wish to configure another NAT network?(yes/no)no,回车后出现：Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?yes回车后出现：Configuring a host-only network for vmnet1.Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet?(yes/no/help)yes回车后出现：Consult the dhcpd(8)and dhcpd.conf(5)manual pages for details.Hit enter to continue.,回车，系统在进行相关配置后出现：Do you wish to configure another host-only network?(yes/no)no回车后出现：Extracting the sources of the vmnet module.Building the vmnet module.Using 2.6.x kernel build system.make:Entering directory/tmp/vmware-config0/vmnet-onlymake-C/lib/modules/2.6.18-1.2798.fc6/build/include/.SUBDIRS=$PWDSRCROOT=$PWD/.modulesmake1:Entering directory/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-1.2798.fc6-i686,Bridged networking on/dev/vmnet0 确定Host-only networking on/dev/vmnet1(background)确定Host-only networking on/dev/vmnet8(background)确定NAT service on/dev/vmnet8 确定The configuration of VMware Workstation 5.5.3 build-34685 for Linux for thisrunning kernel completed successfully.You can now run VMware Workstation by invoking the following command:/usr/bin/vmware.Enjoy,-the VMware team 到此VMware虚拟机安装完毕，自动返回到终端提示符状态下，输入exit退出终端。现在你可以在菜单中的系统工具中找到VmwareWorkstation 图标，单击一下就可以运行了，第一次运行会出现下图：,点击Accept按钮后出现就可以进入虚拟机工作窗口了。其实，该虚拟机软件的安装还是非常人性化，大家对照英文提示一步一步操作即可，基本选默认就行。,2 添加虚拟机,配置好了vmware 后需要输入软件的序列号，然后就可以添加并运行虚拟机了。点击下面的按钮为系统添加一个虚拟机,在出现的向导窗口中点击“next”，在出现的图1 中选择custom,点击“next”，出现图2中选择Newworkstation 5后点击“next”，出现图3 选microsoft windows，并在version 中选择windows xp professional，点击“next”，出现图4 指定虚拟机名称和文件安装路径，点击“next”,2 添加虚拟机 1,在图中选择处理器的个数，点击“next”，在出现的图中对虚拟机的内存进行设置，这里请根据自己机器的实际情况配置，如本人是1024内存，则把虚拟机内存设为512，这样跑xp也不会太慢。,在图 中对虚拟磁盘建议设为ide 硬盘，在图中对虚拟硬盘大小进行设置,指定好虚拟硬盘大小后点击next会出现一个虚拟磁盘存放位置的窗口，选好位置后点击“finish”就建立了一个可以运行xp的虚拟机，如图,2 添加虚拟机 2,选择 Power on this virtual machine就可以运行虚拟机，选择Edit virtual machine settings 还可以对虚拟机配置进行设置，例如虚拟机中的光驱是使用本地物理光驱还是使用iso 镜像文件等。我们把虚拟机的光驱设为使用物理光驱后放入xp 安装光盘，启动虚拟机就可以安装xp了，如图,安装完xp 系统后，一定要安装vmware tools,这样可以加快虚拟机中xp的显示速度和鼠标的运行速度，方法为进入虚拟机中的xp系统后，点击vmware workstation的菜单栏中的“vm”，在弹出的下拉菜单中点击,这时虚拟机中的光驱会出现一个光盘，一般会自动运行并安装vmwaretools（装完后要再点击“Install vmware tools”，以便去掉虚拟机里光驱的光盘）。还可以在vmware workstation 中指定一个linux中的目录作为share目录来让虚拟机中的xp使用linux 本地文件，如图,2 添加虚拟机 3,添加完后在xp 中的网络就可以看见linux下share 目录了，如图16 所示。,再见！,