Lecture2词法翻译.ppt

English College,Chinese-English TranslationLecture 2 词法翻译 I,Lecturer：Seo,Part 1,第一章 汉英词汇比较与翻译,第1节 选义,1.根据语境选义p20甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。A：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation.Please do take it.B:Oh,arent you a bit too polite?You should not do that.A:Well,it just conveys my gratitude.B:Ah,thank you then,though I really do not deserve it.,（抽象 具体）,Exercises,你这是什么意思？请别误会我的意思。What do you mean by that?Please do not misunderstand me.她被夸得不好意思。She felt embarrassed by so much praise.让你久等了，不好意思。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.做了这种事，亏他还好意思说呢！Fancy（竟然、没想到）his doing that sort of thing and then having the nerve（有胆量,厚脸皮）to talk about it.,Practice他也想说几句,可是不好意思开口。be too shy to老李没好意思笑出来。ditto人家求我们支援,我们好意思拒绝吗?proper,2.跳出字面选义P22狗咬狗dog-eat-dogAdvertising is a dog-eat-dog business.广告业是一个竞争残酷的行业。汉语里“狗咬狗(,一嘴毛)”的习语,意思跟英文中的“dog-eat-dog”有点相似，都有比喻“自相残杀”的含义,但中西方对狗的情感有所不同，所以中文里的“狗咬狗”就含有鄙视的意思,比喻两个都不讨好的人自相残杀;而英文里的“dog-eat-dog”只说明了“自相残杀的,竞争激烈或残酷的”含义。E.g.In show business its dog-eat-dog one day youre a star,the next youve been replaced by younger talent.,Drills,老闺女？unmarried lady the youngest daughter（东北方言）老姑娘（剩女）spinster,3S(single,seventies and stuck),gold miss,leftover ladies,ladies on the shelf老人 old people,the aged,senior citizen 老师傅 master/skilled craftsman 老黄牛 a willing ox,willing horse,eg.work like a willing horse,See Exercise I on p23 and Exercise II on p24关于工资的译法：Salary：Salary is usually paid monthly,sometimes three months or a year,for a job,esp.as for workers of higher skill and rank（月薪/年薪）Wage：Wages are paid weekly for a job,esp.as for laborers or workers（时/周薪）Pay：Pay is paid for work,including salary and wage.Earnings：That which is earned;wages gained by work or services;money earned Income：That gain which proceeds from labor,business,property,or capital of any kind,第2节 选词,3.根据搭配选词水果店里有鲜果，连锁店里有保鲜菜、副食店里有保鲜奶、保鲜肉，大饭店里有鲜鱼鲜虾鲜海龟。In full supply are new fruits in fruit-shops,fresh“ready-to-cook”dishes in chain-stores,fresh milk and fresh meat in non-staple food stores(groceries).And de luxe restaurants even offer live fish,live shrimps and live turtles.,Part 2,第2章 词法翻译的一般技巧,词法翻译技巧,1.增减译 1)出于语法需要前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。While the prospects are bright,the road has twists and turns.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.,2）满足译文语境的需要女人的生活天地较小，一旦过了三十五，便象吃了耗子药，非紧张不可。译文一：Women live in a smaller world.When they are over 35,they are bound to get upset,as if they had taken medicine for mice.译文二：Women live in a rather limited world.At 35,they will be more upset than ever,as if they had taken by mistake a dose of pesticide(and just realized it).“译文一”的译者忽略了中西文化语境的差异，因为西方独身女子司空见惯，早已见怪不怪。“译文二”适当地运用了增补的技巧，以使读者亲身体会中国独身女子的尴尬处境。,我们是一个萝卜一个坑，腾不出人手来。Were so busy that no one can be spared for any other work.我想要他画一张他没有画过的画，我说：“你给我画一张册页，从来没有画过的。”他欣然答应了，（艾青）I wanted him to paint me something hed never painted before.When I asked him,he readily agreed.,See Exercise I(7&8)on p307.空气是由多种气体组成。8.严格训练，严格要求。,2.转性译法（词类转换法）我初到越州，第一遭去访问的山水是东湖。(王世颖，放生湖的东湖)During my first visit to Yuezhou,the first place I went to was the East Lake.这种帽子去年流行了一阵子。This hat was in for a while last year.这种水泵的主要特点是操作简便。This pump is chiefly characterized by its simple operation.Drills：二，1,2 on p59,3.换形译法 之替代（substitution)See eg.1 on p60See Exercise I(5)on p63,4.褒贬译法 Commendation&DerogationNotes:Semantic features of the diction in the STWriting Style of the authorThe authors intention,affection,attitude,E.g.他得到了她的欢心He got/grabbed/obtained her heart/favor/love.他博得了她的欢心He won/succeeded in achieving her heart/favor/love.他骗得了她的欢心He deceived/stole away her heart/favor/love.,Compare the following two translation versions.他们正在积极巩固成果。Version A:They were actively consolidating their victorious gains.Version B:They were actively consolidating their victories.Comment:“victorious gains”sometimes refers to things grabbed from the captured.,See the comparisons of translation on p65-66Drills on p66,Assignments,1.Pre-read chapter 3-52.Finish the practical translation task 1 and prepare your presentation next week.3.Translate the following on your notebook as the homework to the teacher：1）他穿一身浅灰色底子淡蓝色条子的西装，打着一条玫瑰红的领带。2）一轮血红的刚升起来的太阳。改换颜色词3）封面和封底是重磅的米色道林纸，边上打了两个眼。4）她脸色突然变成灰黄，死了似的。5）他便变了脸，铁一般的青。6）有个高老头，穿着青缎马褂，提着大烟袋。用实物代表颜色。7）清晨，阳光照到山顶，淡红一片。颜色词的回避8）千紫万红9）红男绿女10）红颜,Practical translation task 1,“纺城”成为外商新家园“一座新兴城市，一个面料市场，中国轻纺城汇集了24个国家和地区的客商。柯桥正日益显现出“国际纺织之都”的繁荣景象，成为外商的新家园。”近日，巴基斯坦商人坦维先生在柯桥创办了“绍兴曼哈进出口贸易有限公司”，成为绍兴县第一家入驻中国轻纺城国贸区的外商投资商业企业。坦维先生来中国从事商贸业务已经四年了，曾先后到过广州、义乌、宁波，但最终他选择在柯桥落户。绍兴县是中国重要的纺织品制造基地和贸易基地，也是全国纺织品出口比例最高的地区之一。看中绍兴县纺织产业提升和轻纺城市场升级的广阔前景，外商不断涌入。特别是近年来，柯桥城市功能日益完善，不仅是经商的乐园，也是宜居的家园，吸引了越来越多的外商。据统计，目前在绍兴县经批准(登记)的国(境)外企业常驻代表机构有340家，2000多名外商常住柯桥，流动外商更是多达八千余人。良好的服务也是中国轻纺城吸引外商的重要原因。05年3月，绍兴县专门成立了服务外商的机构-县涉外管理服务中心。最近又出台了进一步优化涉外服务的一系列措施，全心全意为外商排忧解难，让他们在柯桥安心经商。现在一些外商在中国轻纺城的生意越做越大，已有五家外商投资商业企业相继成立。,“纺城”成为外商新家园“一座新兴城市，一个面料市场”，中国轻纺城汇集了24个国家和地区的客商。柯桥正日益显现出“国际纺织之都”的繁荣景象，成为外商的新家园。”China Textile City-new homeland of foreign business people“A new city and a fabric market”.The China Textile City has attracted foreign businessmen from 24 countries and regions.Keqiao is turning into a booming international textile capital and new homeland of foreigners.,近日，巴基斯坦商人坦维先生在柯桥创办了“绍兴曼哈进出口贸易有限公司”，成为绍兴县第一家入驻中国轻纺城国贸区的外商投资商业企业。坦维先生来中国从事商贸业务已经四年了，曾先后到过广州、义乌、宁波，但最终他选择在柯桥落户。Recently,a Pakistani businessman Mr.Tanveer set up Shaoxing Manha Import and Export Trading Company Limited.It is the first foreign-funded commercial enterprise established in the international trade zone of China Textile City.Mr.Tanveer has been doing trade in China for four years.He ever visited Guangzhou,Yiwu and Ningbo and finally made up his mind to settle in Keqiao.,绍兴县是中国重要的纺织品制造基地和贸易基地，也是全国纺织品出口比例最高的地区之一。看中绍兴县纺织产业提升和轻纺城市场升级的广阔前景，外商不断涌入。特别是近年来，柯桥城市功能日益完善，不仅是经商的乐园，也是宜居的家园，吸引了越来越多的外商。据统计，目前在绍兴县经批准(登记)的国(境)外企业常驻代表机构有340家，2000多名外商常住柯桥，流动外商更是多达八千余人。Shaoxing County is an important textile manufacturing and trading base.It is one of the regions that have the highest export proportion of textile products in China.To take advantages of textile industry and market upgrading here,foreign businessmen are flocking to the Textile City.Especially in recent years,Keqiao has become not only the paradise for businessmen to trade in but also the ideal homestead for people to settle in with the urban functions being increasingly sound.According to the statistics,340 foreign resident offices have been approved in Shaoxing county and over 2,000 foreign businessmen live here.Besides,there is a floating foreign population of more than 8,000.,良好的服务也是中国轻纺城吸引外商的重要原因。05年3月，绍兴县专门成立了服务外商的机构-县涉外管理服务中心。最近又出台了进一步优化涉外服务的一系列措施，全心全意为外商排忧解难，让他们在柯桥安心经商。现在一些外商在中国轻纺城的生意越做越大，已有五家外商投资商业企业相继成立。Good service is another important reason why the Textile City appeals to foreign guests.In March 2005,Shaoxing County established Shaoxing County Foreign Service Center,a special institution catering to foreigners.A series of measures on bettering services for foreigners has been released by the local government in an effort to solve problems of foreign businessmen and let them do business without any worries in Keqiao.Some of these people keep expanding business in the Textile City,and to date,five commercial enterprises have been set up.,1.他穿一身浅灰色底子淡蓝色条子的西装，打着一条玫瑰红的领带。He was dressed in a European-style suit of a pale-grey material with pale-blue stripes and a rose-red tie.2.一轮血红的刚升起来的太阳。The rising sun was a blood-red disc.改换颜色词3.封面和封底是重磅的米色道林纸，边上打了两个眼。(米色不译成rice-colored)The covers were of heavyweight,buff-colored calendered paper with two holes punched in the edges.4.她脸色突然变成灰黄，死了似的。(英语中一般用pale来形容。)All of a sudden,her face turned ashy pale,like a corpse.5.他便变了脸，铁一般的青。His complexion changed,and he grew ghastly pale.,6.有个高老头，穿着青缎马褂，提着大烟袋。There is a tall old man in a black brocade jacket with a long pipe in his hand.原文中无颜色词，译时增加颜色词。7.清晨，阳光照到山顶，淡红一片。The morning sun tipped the summit of the hill with rose.（原文无颜色词，用实物颜色rose修饰，直接代表一种淡红色。）颜色词的回避8.千紫万红 multi-colored9 红男绿女 gaily dressed men and women10.红颜 a beautiful woman/a beauty,中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture,but only one tenth of the land is farmland,the rest being mountains,forests and places for urban and other uses.评：这样几句中文，含有几个意思（义群），在英语中如何将几个义群有机的连接起来，是首先要考虑的。因为英语中常见长句，而不喜欢将每个意思单独成句。那就需要考虑用语法手段，运用调序、重组、增加连接词或用特殊语法结构等技巧。,中国是统一的、多民族的国家。中国各民族，不论大小，一律平等。中国的少数民族和汉族相比，人口较少，但居住面积却占全国总面积的百分之五十到六十。他们所居住的区域，不仅幅员辽阔，而且有许多地方土地肥沃、矿藏丰富。China is a unified multinational country.All Chinese nationalities,large or small,are equal.Though small in population,when compared with the Han,the Chinese ethnic minorities live in 50 to 60 percent of the total area.Apart from its vastness,many of these areas are rich in soil and mineral deposits.,两会Two meetingsTwo sessionsThe Lianghui,homework,1.我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。2.每条河流都有上游、中游、下游。3.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。4.这些新型汽车速度快、效率高、行动灵活。5.十年以前津津有味地看偶像剧，逢到中间插播的广告，连忙换台或上厕所；十年以后津津有味地看各种广告，逢到偶像剧，连忙换台或者上厕所。,1.我们必须认真帮助他们解决工作问题和学习问题。We must earnestly help them to solve their problems of work and study.2.每条河流都有上游、中游和下游。Every river has its upper,middle and lower reaches.3.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。For many years,there has been serious unemployment in that country.4.这些新型汽车速度快、效率高、行动灵活。The new cars are fast,efficient and handy.5.十年以前津津有味地看偶像剧，逢到中间插播的广告，连忙换台或上厕所；十年以后津津有味地看各种广告，逢到偶像剧，连忙换台或者上厕所。Idol drama used to glue me to my seat ten years ago.The ads in the intermission would cause me to hop to another channel or drive me to the bathroom.Now,it is the other way round.,做要靠想来指导,想要靠做来证明。(并列复句、对偶句)Action is directed by thought,whereas thought is to be tested by action.（并列句；加连词）这家伙搬起石头砸了自己的脚。(单句：连动句；搬砸)The fellow lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.(简单句；动词不定式）我的话你同意吗？（单句：主谓谓语句；偏正结构作主语）Do you agree to what I said.（复合句：宾语从句）OR:Do you agree to my remarks?（简单句）即使室内温度很低，空气中也有一定量的水汽存在。（偏正复句：让步复句；关联词成对出现：即使也）There is a certain amount of vapor in the air even if the temperature is very low indoors.（复合句：关联词if只在从句中出现；调序）由于研制出了火箭，人类就有可能进入太空。（因果复句）The development of the rocket makes it possible for man to enter space.(简单句；动词名词）OR:Human beings are able to go into space because of the development of the rocket.（简单句，变序）他五岁时，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。(承接复句)He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid.（简单句；动词词名；动词顺序）OR:He became deaf after he had typhoid at five.,