Conversion词类转.ppt

1,词类转译英译汉的词类转换,词类转译,一、英译汉的词类转换,1.名词转译为动词,还有一种对付敌人的方式是，要么防卫可靠，要么能够迅速逃逸。,2）Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape quickly.,我们已经把使用和发明工具，从区分动物和人类行为的方法中排除出去了。,1）We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.,A.由动词派生的名词,2,3.词类转译英译汉的词类转换,B.含有动作意味的名词,1）What is the purpose of their playing?,它们为何要玩耍？,2）When the termites bite at the stick,the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end-like our use of a fork.,当白蚁啃咬树枝时，黑猩猩就把树枝抽回，接着就把枝条底端的白蚁吃掉和我们使用餐叉一样。,C.有些加后缀-er/or的词,1）He is a lover of animals.,他热爱动物。,2）The castle gets lots of visitors from America.,有很多美国人到这座城堡来游览。,3,3.词类转译英译汉的词类转换,2.动词转译为名词,A.名词派生的动词,B.名词转用的动词,1)An interest in peoples deepest feelings characterizes all her writings.,对人们最深沉感情的关注，是她所有著作的特征。,2)She personifies beauty and grace.,她是美丽与优雅的化身。,1）You can see what a Dodo looked like from the picture.,你只能从照片中得知渡渡鸟的模样。,2）These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles.,这些锻炼的目的是为了增强肌肉。,4,A.形容词转译成副词,1)She gave me a black look.,她狠狠地瞪了我一眼。,2)The children made rude remarks about the old man.,几个孩子无礼地对那老人评头论足。,3)They dont normally give an advance notice about which building theyre going to inspect.,他们通常不预先通知要检查哪栋大楼。,3.形容词与副词的转译,3.词类转译英译汉的词类转换,5,B.副词转译成形容词,1)We dont want to get too deeply involved with these people.,我们不想和这些人有太深的交往。,2)The people most immediately affected by the drought are the farmers themselves.,遭受这次干旱最直接影响的是农民们。,3)Your life changes dramatically when you have a baby.,有了孩子，你的生活会产生巨变。,3.词类转译英译汉的词类转换,6,4.介词与动词的互相转译,英语中的一些介词和介词短语具有动作意义，在翻译中可以转换成汉语动词，例如：,1)Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.,千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷。,2)Shes a sales manager but she has a regional sales director over her.,她是销售部经理，但还有一位区域销售主任管着她。,3)In 1845,John Franklin left England with 134 men to look for a route through the Arctic.,1845年，约翰富兰克林带着134人离开英格兰前往寻找穿过北极的线路。,3.词类转译英译汉的词类转换,7,3.词类转译汉译英的词类转换,二、汉译英的词类转换,3词类转译,1.动词转译为名词,1)我不知道你喜欢喝什么，茶还是咖啡？,I dont know your preferences,would you like tea or coffee?,2)他们坚决要求立刻偿还债款。,They are insisting on immediate repayment of the debt.,8,3.词类转译汉译英的词类转换,3)控制人口和发展经济是我们当前的首要任务。,Population control and economic development are the two most important tasks of our present time.,4)目前大家都非常注意保护环境和节约资源。,People nowadays pay special attention to environmental protection and the conservation of resources.,9,3.词类转译汉译英的词类转换,2.名词转译为动词,1)结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。,A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife.,2)工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。,The factory must aim at an increase in production.,3)摇头通常的意思是“不”。,When you shake your head it usually means“no”.,4)箱子里满是书，重量为一吨。,The box was full of books and weighed a ton.,10,3.动词转译成介词短语,1）一座跨越杭州湾的大桥已开始建筑。,A bridge has been under construction which will span the Hangzhou Bay.,2）这份报告虽然很长，但不切要领，我看不懂。,Although the report is very long,it is beside the point and beyond my comprehension.,3）我谨代表全公司，感谢你所做的所有工作。,On behalf of the entire company,I would like to thank you for all your work.,4）我们全体赞成他的建议。,We were in favour of his suggestion.,3.词类转译汉译英的词类转换,11,4.动词转为形容词,1）他害怕蜘蛛。,Hes afraid of spiders.,2）他热爱科学研究，但对提升职称不感兴趣。,He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion.,3）他一点都不清楚自己想过什么样的生活。,He isnt at all clear about what he wants to do with his life.,3.词类转译汉译英的词类转换,12,5.动词转为副词,1）你们现在得走了。,You must be off now.,2）演出已经开始了。,The performance is on.,3.词类转译汉译英的词类转换,6.形容词转为名词,那个家伙笨的出奇。,That fellow is a typical fool.,13,翻译时未进行词类转译,例(1)She was standing almost directly behind the girl,a woman well past 40,her graying hair under a worn hat.译1 她站在那姑娘的身后，几乎紧挨着她。那 是一位有四十好几的妇女，一顶旧帽子的 下面是她正在变灰的头发。译2 她站在那姑娘的身后，几乎紧挨着她。那 是一位有四十好几的妇女，一顶旧帽子遮 盖了她的灰发。,3.词类转译误译,14,翻译时未进行词类转译,例(2)Of Human Bondage,it was;and throughout the book were notes in a womans writing.译1 这本书是“人性枷锁”，书中从头到尾都是 一个女人笔迹的评注。译2 这本书叫“人性枷锁”，书中从头到尾都是 一个女人所写的评注。,例(3)Family labor frequently makes up a large part of the labor force,especially on average-sized farms.译1 家人常常占劳动力的大部分，特别是在中 等大小的农场。译2 家人常常是主要的劳动力，特别是在中等 大小的农场里。,3.词类转译误译,15,Directions:Translate the following English sentences into Chinese.Pay special attention to the adjectives and adverbs in the sentences.,1）Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to otherroad users.(名词动词),酒后驾车者严重威胁其他道路使用者。,2）Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works?(名词动词),你能扼要地向我解释一下它的工作原理吗？,3.词类转译翻译练习,三、翻译练习,16,3）She left the city where she had lived all her lifewithout a backward glance.（介短副词）,她义无返顾地离开了这座她生活了一辈子的城市。,4）He has the occasional cigar after dinner.n-v,晚餐后他偶尔抽支雪茄。,5）Jane looked at me in genuine surprise“Are you really going?”she said.n-adj.,简望着我，的确很惊奇。“你真的要去？”她说。,3.词类转译翻译练习,17,6）He made a complete and utter mess of it.n-v,他把这事彻底搞砸了。,7）He had a sudden heart attack while he was on holiday.n-v,他度假期间突然心脏病发作。,8）He was happily married with two young children.v-n,他的婚姻很美满，还有了两个孩子。,3.词类转译翻译练习,18,9）Hes got a lot of exciting ideas and hes impatient to get started.adj.-adv.,他有许多激动人心的点子，所以迫不及待地想付诸实施。,10）After careful consideration of your proposal,I regret to say that we are unable to accept it.n-v,我们仔细考虑过你的建议。不过很遗憾，我得说我们不能接受。,3.词类转译翻译练习,19,11）Society has changed profoundly over the last fifty years.v-n,过去50年中社会发生了深刻的变革。,12）The party was a rather hurriedly arranged affair.adj.-v,这次晚会筹备得挺匆忙。,20,3.词类转译翻译练习,Directions:Read the following Chinese expressions or sentences and then put them into English.,他总是喝很多酒。v-n,He is a great drinker.,2.她非常漂亮。adj.-n,She is a real beauty.,3.你说他傻不傻？adj.-n,Dont you think hes an idiot?,21,3.词类转译翻译练习,4.他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。v-n,He has long been used to last-minute decisions.,5.他酷爱古典音乐。v-n,He is an ardent lover of classical music.,6.11点时，他已睡在被窝里。v-prep,He was between sheets by eleven.,7.那个家伙老是滔滔不绝地讲个不停。v-adj.,That fellow is very talkative.,22,3.词类转译翻译练习,8.他指挥着一个团。v-n,He is a commander of a regiment.,Their contributions to human beings far outweigh what they destruct.,9.它们对人类的贡献已经超过它们所做的破坏。n-v,10.他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。v-n,They taught us the value of an opportunity.,