BETranslation8翻译之转译技巧.ppt
Conversion Skill in Translation,翻译之转换技巧,Objectives,Knowledge Objectives:Learn the differences between English and Chinese in language use;Understand the reason why conversion is used in translation;Ability Objectives:Can identify the words or phrases that can be converted;Can consciously use conversion skill.,Steps,Lead-in Practice,1.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。(n.v.)2.All government in the United States is“of,by,and for the people.”美国各级政府都是“民有、民治、民享”的政府。（prep.v.）3.The application of computers makes a tremendous rise in labor productivity.使用计算机可以极大地提高劳动生产率。（a.ad.)(n.v.),Lead-in Practice,4.The successful completion of the book is the result of the cooperation and confidence of many people.成功地完成本书的写作是许多人相互合作、坚信不疑的结果。(n.v.)5.Your refusal to amend the L/C is equivalent to the cancellation of the order.(n.)你方拒绝修改信用证，这无异于/（等于）取消订单。（n.v.）6.Please let us know if our terms are acceptable.贵方是否接受我方条款，请告知。(a.v.),Lead-in Practice,7.Man is becoming fully aware of the importance of protecting the environment.人类越来越充分地意识到保护环境的重要性。(a.v.)8.The meeting is over.(prep.v.)9.You cant imagine how angry he was at the news.你想象不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。（prep.v.),Lead-in Practice,10.This product is characterized by its fine workmanship and durability.此产品的特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。11.They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations.他们签订了两个协议，目的是使彼此的关系热乎起来12.The increase in international business has created a need for managers with skills in cross-culture communication.国际贸易的增加需要具有跨文化交流技能的经理。,Conclusions,1).English Nouns(especially the noun with dynamic notion)can be converted into verbs in E-C translation.2).English Adjectives can be converted into verbs/nouns in E-C translation.3).English Prepositions can be converted into verbs in E-C translation.,Homework,1.The samples on display at the Fair are just part of the products.2.You certainly have got a large collection of sample carpets here.3.And,the preference for local suppliers by Chinese joint-venture partners limited competition.4.In addition to VW(Volkswagen),General Motors have tested the export market,with trial shipments of about 1,000 Shanghai-made Chevrolet Ventures to the Philippines earlier this year.,Homework,5.Still,VW and GM officials say they do not have large-scale export plans any time soon.Even though the government has promised support,such as tax breaks,for car and component exporters.6.Chinas insistence that foreign firms form joint ventures with local companies is also viewed as a major obstacle.7.Foreign car makers see joint ventures-in which theyre limited to a 50 percent stake-as an unavoidable cost of entry to the China market.8.In compliance with your request,we are sending herewith the names and addresses of the most reputed companies in this city.,Homework,9.We have been exporters of valve cores for more than 20 years and have many connections all over the world.10.To acquaint you with our products,we enclose a full set of catalogues covering various products being handled by us with details of specifications and means of packing.11.Quotations and samples will be sent upon receipt of your specific enquires.12.We look forward to your early reply with much interest.13.100%cotton pyjamas have been in growing demand in the past three months.,Conversion of Sentence Patterns,1.I hope you dont feel like a fish out of water here.（negative）希望你在这里不会如鱼离水般不自在。希望你在这里如鱼得水般自由自在。(positive)2.你所要的货今天下午上船。(active)The goods you ordered will be loaded on board the ship this afternoon.(passive)3.I couldnt agree with you any more.(negative)我完全赞同你的观点。(positive),Conversion of Sentence Patterns,4.He is the last man with good manners that Ive ever met.(positive)他是我所碰到的最没有风度的男人.(negative)5.We only accept payment by irrevocable letter of credit at sight rather than/instead of D/A(documents against/for acceptance).(positive)我们只接受不可撤销即期信用证付款方式，而不接受承兑交单付款方式。(negative),Conversion of Sentence Patterns,6.The Seller shall not be held liable for the delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods under the Contract in consequence of Force Majeure,which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.(passive voice)本合同所述的全部商品，在制造和装运过程，如因人力不可抗拒的原因，拖延装运或不能交货，则卖方概不负责。(active voice),Conclusion,在进行英汉翻译时，为了更好地表达，即使翻译的句子更符合汉语表达习惯，不仅可以转换英语原文中的词性（词的类别），英语的句式也可以转换。这本身就是英汉两种语言差异所使然。Due to tremendous differences between English and Chinese,in English-Chinese translation we can change the part of speech of words or the sentence patterns so as to make our translations more standard in expression according to Chinese custom.,汉译英转换技巧的应用,前面讲英译汉要运用转换技巧，其实汉译英同样要考虑转换技巧。我们习惯了汉母语的思维，在写作或者翻译（汉译英）时往往下意识的就用汉语的思维习惯去组织英文句子，这样得出的句子往往是汉式的表达，而不是地道的英语表达。,C-E Translation Examples,我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。1)I open the window to let fresh air in.2)I open the window and let fresh air come in.Which one is a more idiomatic English sentence?那个穿绿衣服的少女是英语系的学生。1）The girl in green is a student of the English Department.2)The girl dressed in green is a student of English department.Which one is more idiomatic?,C-E Translation Examples,我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题。1）It was with great effort that we solved those problems.2)It costs us great effort to solve those problems.请告知大批订货的折扣。1)Please tell us your discount to place a large order.2)Your information as to discount for a large order would be appreciated.,C-E Translation Examples,他书教得比我好。1）He is a better teacher than I.2)He teaches better than me.他偶尔来我家坐坐。1）He is an occasional visitor to our house.2)He sometimes visits my house.他善于观察。1）He is a good observer.He is good at observing.,C-E Translation Examples,我既不喝酒，也不抽烟。1）I am no drinker,nor smoker.2)I dont drink,nor do I smoke.据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有多年历史。1）We learn that you have been dealer of Chinese products for many years.2)As far as we learn/know that you have dealt in Chinese products for many years.我公司按照来函说明的条款，试订下列货物。1）We have decided to place a trial order for the following on the terms stated in your letter.,C-E Translation Examples,2)Our company has decided to try to order the following products on the terms stated in your letter.白宫是美国总统居住和办公的地方。1）The White House is the home and office of the President of the United States.2)The White House is a place where the President of the United States lives and works.,总结,为什么我们会得出以上所有例句中例2）所示的译文呢？因为汉语是注重于用动词的语言，在一个句子中可以有多个谓语动词重叠使用，而英语在一个句子中却只能有一个谓语结构，其他表示动作的概念就用非谓语动词形式来表示，比如名词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词等。这是两种语言结构体系上的巨大差异。我们如果不懂得这种差异，在汉英翻译时，就不会进行思维的置换，仍然按照汉语的习惯思维去翻译成英文，得出的句子自然是非常汉式的句子，即Chinglish sentence。,
