2018年(高三) 语法填空解题技巧(给词类).ppt

英语语法填空解题探Grammatical FillingPractice makes perfect.熟能生巧。,Emmy Pan,高中英语语法填空题解题策略 语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。主要考查的知识点：一是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。从整篇布局来看，它的考点主要集中在以下三点：1 词或者词组（名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、数词）2 句子（谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词）3 语篇（过渡词）,(1)给出提示词题型：用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有6-7个小题。包括动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。(2)纯空格题型：空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。这类题大约有3-4小题。,变,填,近4年语法填空题考点分布情况,必考词：谓非谓；形容词、副词；连词，从句引导词、名词；常考词：介词、代词、冠词,变,填,连词冠词介词副词代词,名词动词形容/副词,关连词(引导词）：三大从句(定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）which,that,who,although，what,why,where 等并列连词：and,but,while,so,neither nor 等强调句，倒装句中的连词,the;a+辅音音素；an+元音音素;抽象名词具体化 success,surprise等,n.前;vi.后;定语从句介词+关系代词 等,功能性连接副词：however,therefore,anyhow 等 修饰比较级的副词 even，much 等,不定代词;反身代词;物主代词;主/宾格 等,单复数，名词所有格;与其它词性的转化,谓语：时态，语态，情态动词,虚拟语气等非谓语：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词,比较级、最高级;adj.adv.相互转化;adj.修饰 n.;adv.修饰 adj./adv./v.,解题步骤,1、跳读大意2、初填易题3、补填难题4、通读检查,How to deal with Grammatical Filling?,就句子成分来说，涉及到的句子成分有：主语（形式主语），谓语，宾语（形式宾语），宾补，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语。考点1：主语（名词，代词，数词，do-ing，不定式，主从等）Recent _6_(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_(regular).(2016年课标全国II)It took years of work _5_(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014年课标全国I),studies,to reduce,考点2：谓语（动词）Fast food _7_(be)full of fat and salt;.(2017年课标全国I)But at the moment,school _9_(come)first.(2017年课标全国III)When fat and salt _4_(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017年课标全国I)until tomorrow _3_(be)often acceptable.(2016年课标全国II),is,comes,are removed,is,考点3：宾语（名词，代词，do-ing，不定式，宾从等）This trend,has had some unintended side _2_(effect)such as(2017年课标全国I)to avoid terrible _1_(crowd)on the roads.(2017年课标全国II)influenced the _8_(develop)of chopsticks.(2016年课标全国III)She is determined to carry on with her _6_(educate).(2017年课标全国III),effects,crowds,development,education,考点4：表语（名词，代词，形容词，to do，do-ing，done，表从，介短）However,be _9_(care)not to go to extremes.(2017年课标全国I)some of them looked very anxious and _3_(disappoint).(2014年课标全国II)考点5：宾补They are required _3_(process)the food that we eat,to recover from.(2017年课标全国I)主补,careful,disappointed,to process,考点6：定语（名词，形容词，to do，doing，done，介短，定从 前置和后置）She is a very _3_(care)mother.(2016年四川)and identify those of _1_(great)and less importance.(2016年课标全国II)A study of travelers _8_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015年课标全国I)The adobe dwellings（土胚房）_1_(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most.(2015年课标全国II),carefulcaring,greater,(which was)conducted,built,考点7：状语（形容词，副词，介短，doing，done，to do，状从）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_(create)special designs.(2016全国课标III)Recent _6_(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_(regular).(2016年课标全国II)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat _10_ their hands.(2016年课标全国III),to create,gradually,with,考点8：同位语（名，不定代，数词，同从）Set aside the thought _1_ you have to fall asleep.(2015河北百校联盟3月模拟)（以上考点见5年高考，3年模拟P115-116）,that,就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：1 This cycle _8_(go)day after day.（2015年课标II）2 This trend,has had some unintended side _2_(effect)such as(2017年课标全国I)3 some of them looked very anxious and _3_(disappoint).(2014年课标全国II),goes,S V 主谓,effects,S V O 主谓宾,disappointed,S V P 主系表,就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：4Sarah _3_(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel,.（2017年课标III）5 They are required _3_(process)the food that we eat,to recover from.(2017年课标全国I)主补以上考点解释见5年高考3年模拟P117（其他特别句子后补）,has been told was told,S V O O 主谓双宾,to process,S V O C 主谓宾宾补,语法填空题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，另一种为不给单词提示。下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究，总结出以下语法填空的解题技巧。,How to deal with Grammatical Filling?,Part A:How to change?怎么变？(有提示词),语法填空给提示词解题技巧,1 动词,谓语动词,非谓语动词,词性转换,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,1 谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）2 非谓语动词doing:having(been)done+being done,done:to do:to have(been)done+to be done3 词性变化：名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,有提示词：1动词,技巧1：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,例1.The first card _(design)by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.例2.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and walked away.例3.Nobody knows what _(happen)if she had refused to pay.,was designed,closed,would have happened,It was raining lightly when I_(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015新课标）Yangshuo _(be)really beautiful.(2015新课标）Be patient!Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing”(太极拳）in English.We _(tell)that our rooms had already been reserved for that week,（2014广东）,高考链接,arrived,is,is called,were told,building,Followed,seated,To complete,A._(follow)by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall.B.The workers _(build)the bridge came from all over the country.C.We hope _(get)there before dark.D._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.E.The first time she stepped into the room,she noticed a strange man _(seat)near the stove.,技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有转折或并列连词时，应该考虑此处考察非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。,to get,1._(see)nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.2.The girls came in,_(follow)their parents.3._(see)from the hill,the city looks like a garden.4._(give)more time,I would have worked out the problem.,Seeing,following,Seen,随堂检测,Given,he,The girls,the city,I,5.Last night,there were millions of people _(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.6.No one knows the girl _(stand)there.7.I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office.,watching,standing,to lock,people,the girl,By _(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017年课标全国I)2.This included digging up the road,_(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017年课标全国II)3.People probably cooked their food in large pots,_(use)twigs（树枝）to remove it.(2016年课标全国III),高考链接,eating,laying,using,1 But Tom knew from past experience that his _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased his father.2,those around her had noted her _(satisfy)with not finishing school.,choice,技巧3：有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式,这时需要进行词类转换。（V-Adj;V-Adv;V-N）,(dis)satisfaction,She is determined to carry on with her _(educate).(2017课标全国III）2.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract).(2016课标全国I）3,those around her had noted her_(satisfy)with not finishing school.4 Then,handle the most important tasks first so you will feel a real sense of _(achieve).(2016课标全国II）,高考链接,education,attraction,satisfaction,achievement,谓语动词,时态,语态,主谓一致,to do,doing,done,非谓语动词,How to change?,词性变换,不同考点各个击破,John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _(finish),he gladly accepted it.2.My parents have always made me _(feel)good about myself,even when I was twelve.3.They knew her very well.They had seen her _(grow)up from childhood.Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always works hard.5.Did Peter fix the computer himself?He had it _(fix),because he doesnt know much about computers.,feel,grow,to learn,fixed,finished,6.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _(improve)in a short period.7.Helen had to shout to make herself _(hear)above the sound of the music.8.Peter received a letter just now _(say)his grandma would come to see him soon.9.With a lot of difficult problems _(settle),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,improved,heard,saying,to settle,10.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _(move),and asked myself what I was going to do.11._(walk)in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.12._(wait)in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.13._(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.14.He hurried to the booking office only _(tell)that all the tickets had been sold out.,moving,Walking,Having waited,Blamed Having been blamed,to be told,15.European football is played in 80 countries,_(make)it the most popular sport in the world.16.You were silly not _(lock)your car.17.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _(breathe).18._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.19.When _(ask)why he went there,he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.20.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water)every day.,making,to have locked,to breathe,To complete,asked,watered,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,1 Adj Adv 的比较级或者最高级2 Adj Adv 的之间的相互转化3 转化为其他词性,有提示词：2AdjAdv,harder,sweeter,Actually,gradually,例1.Soon Charlie made friends with Patrick and his stepsister Sara and they _(gradual)became friends.例2._(actual),what you said is reasonable to some extent.例3.Nothing could be _(sweet).例4.He jumped even _(hard)and finally made himself out.例5.The higher you stand,the _(far)you will see.,技巧1：第一步，分析句子结构，确定设空处在句中做定语、表语还是做状语。第二步，根据结构、语境或句子意思确定填原级、比较级还是最高级，以及要不要加表否定或反义的前缀、后缀。技巧2：给出的ADJ 或者Adv词性保持不变时，优先考虑比较级或者最高级；技巧3：有些词常给ADJ形式，然后用其副词形式，比如actual(ly),sudden(ly),complete(ly),gradual(ly),regular(ly),accidental(ly),natural(ly),farther,Tips:1 比较级的标志：more and more;than;even;the more,the more;a littlea lot far much（比较级的修饰词）；两者里比较的那一个用比较级。,Tips:2 最高级的标志：A:有范围(in，of，among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。如：Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。B:“oneofthe形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“中最之一”。如：BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大的城市之一。,C：选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如：Whichcountryisthelargest，China，Brazil orCanada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？D：表示“第几个最”时，用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。,Even _(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017课标全国I）2.and it must have been _(fair)unpleasant for the passengers.(2017课标全国II）3 The.Railway was one of the most _(success)of these new lines,and was(2017课标全国II）4 It is _(certain)fun but the lifestyle.(2016课标全国III）,高考链接,worse,fairly,successful,certainly,5 and identify those of _(great)and less importance.(2016课标全国II）6.says it _(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people _(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015课标全国I）and give out that that heat _(slow)during cool nights,(2015课标全国II）,高考链接,greater,regularly,slowly,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,1 N的单复数2 转化为其他词性,有提示词：3 N,in so many Chinese _(painting).(2015课标全国II）2.The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister so that.(2016课标全国I）3 to avoid terrible _（crowd）(2017课标全国II）4 As _(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians(2015课标全国II）,高考链接,paintings,days,crowds,natural,综合检测,I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first 38_(go)to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.Peter _(leave)for London on business upon my arrival,so I didnt see him.I have to go to work by taxi because my car _(repair)at the garage.I went down there,_(pay)my penny and got a receipt.,paid,is being repaired,had left,go,5.There,40_(place)neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five penniesher tip!6.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 40_(complete)the test!7.My pupils,40_(include)Donnie,adored her.8.It remains _(see)whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.,to complete,placed,to be seen,including,When a baby is in danger，its mother will be crazy and worried.This is something anyone can relate to，even though we are talking about a mother elephant 1._(separate)from her child.A video 2._(record)the reunion between the elephant and her 8monthold baby in Kenya was one of the most impressive scenes.The baby fell inside a manmade hole and was unable to climb out，according to the video 3._(release)by the Amboseli,阅读下列短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。,separated,recording,released,made,to help,to rescue,Trust for Elephants.Despite the best efforts 4._(make)by her desperate mother，the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5._(help)They had to drive the overprotective mother away first，so that they could get close enough 6._(rescue)the baby with ropes and a vehicle.,to pull,touching,running,Luckily，the workers managed 7._(pull)the baby to safety.What followed was a 8._(touch)scene.As soon as the baby was freed，it ran away across the plain.In the distance，the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9._(run)from the opposite direction.The two were reunited,10._(hug)each other with their trunks.,hugging,Success ahead!,Thank you!,