2014大学英语四级段落翻译篇.ppt

2013-2014第二学期,大学英语四级选修课,主讲教师：郭鹏,第4讲 段落翻译篇,Part IV Translation,翻译技巧,增译法 省译法转换法 拆句法合并法正译法反译法倒置法包孕法插入法重组法综合法,1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。,英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。,1 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词）2 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。While the magistrates were free to burn down house,the common people were forbidden to light lamps.（增译连词）3 这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）4 在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。In the field of human rights,China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）5 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语）,2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词),3 转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。,在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，把主动语态变为被动语态。1 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名词转动词),2 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy,our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(动词转名词)3 时间不早了，我们回去吧！We dont have much time left.Lets go back.(句型转换)4 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。All the students should develop morally,intellectually and physically.(名词转副词),4.拆句法和合并法：拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。,中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture,but only one tenth of the land is farmland,the rest being mountains,forests and places for urban and other uses.（合译）,5.正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译,则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。（1）在美国，人人都能买到枪。In the United States,everyone can buy a gun.(正译)In the United States,guns are available to everyone.(反译)（2）你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。You can obtain this information on the Internet.（正译）This information is accessible/available on the Internet.（反译）,（3）他突然想到了一个新主意。Suddenly he had a new idea.(正译)He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正译)A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.（反译）（4）他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。He still could not understand me.(正译)Still he failed to understand me.(反译)（5）无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正译)She is anything but a bright student.(反译),6.倒置法：在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置),7.包孕法：这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。（1）You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。（2）What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。,8.插入法：指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about,as Madam put it,disastrous effects,we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.,9.重组法：指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。Decision must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception,because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。,10综合法：是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market,forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？,翻译练习-京剧,京剧是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京 剧的服装、脸谱更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉，金、银色多用于神佛等。,Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a traditional art form,its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery,black represents righteousness,yellow represents bravery,blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.,翻译段落-长城,长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。,The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall,its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!Men often say,He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.In fact,it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built,and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty.However,the wall we see today,starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west,was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.,翻译段落-中秋节,中秋节对中国人来说是最重要的节日，仅次于春节。每年中秋节，人们从全国和世界的各个角落回到家中，与家人团聚、赏月和吃月饼。如今，在中秋节到来前的一个月，就有各种各样的月饼出售。中国人相信满月象征着和平、繁荣和家庭团聚。中秋节当晚的月亮被认为是最明亮圆满的，这也是为什么也被称为是“重逢日”和“月亮节”。,The Mid-Autumn Festival is the second most important festival after the Spring Festival to Chinese people.Every year,when the festival comes,people go home from every corner of the country and the world to meet their family,admire the full moon and eat moon cakes.Nowadays,there is a large variety of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of the festival.Chinese people believe a full moon is a symbol of peace,prosperity and family reunion.The moon on Mid-Autumn Festival night is believed to be the brightest and fullest.That is why the festival is also known as/called the“Day of Reunion”and the“Moon Festival”.,