绪论免疫系统简介.ppt
CHAPTER I,INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY,Your Main Point,Your Sub Point,Edward Jenner 1749-1822Successful vaccination against smallpox,Robert Koch 1843-1910,Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on tuberculosis,Anthrax,Cholera,Tubercule bacillus,Emil von Behring 1854-1917,Nobel Prize in 1901 for demonstrating that circulating antitoxins against diphtheria and tetanus toxins conferred immunity.,Louis Pasteur 1822-1895,Father of immunology,attenuated bacteria and viruses as vaccine against anthrax.,1 INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM（固有或天然免疫系统）“Non-specific Immune System”（非特异性免疫系统）,2 ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM（适应性免疫系统）“Acquired Immune System”（获得性免疫系统）“Specific Immune system”（特异性免疫系统）,THE IMMUNE SYSTEM（免疫系统）,2-2粒细胞系(Granulocytes),中性粒细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa染色血涂片，中性粒细胞呈淡藕荷色，多叶核，胞浆中含有大量的细胞颗粒。透射电镜下其胞浆颗粒清晰可辨。,在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa染色的血涂片，嗜碱性粒细胞胞浆中布满深蓝色细胞颗粒。透射电镜下胞浆颗粒中充满致密物质。,静息肥大细胞,激活后 5 分钟,激活后 60 分钟,在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa 染色的血涂片，嗜酸性粒细胞胞核为双叶状，胞浆中含有大量深红色细胞颗粒。透射电镜下其胞浆颗粒呈结晶状。,RBC,Neutrophils represent 60-70%of leukocytes in the peripheral blood.Their granules contain alkaline phosphatase,lysozyme,lactoferrin etc.,They are the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection and are prominent constituent of pus.,单核细胞体积较大，蹄状核（左，普通光镜）。透射电镜显示其高尔基体发达、粒体丰富、胞浆颗粒明显（中）。扫描电镜显示腹腔巨噬细胞粘附于玻璃表面（右）。,2-4单核巨噬细胞,（monocytes and macrophages）,1 郎格汉斯细胞(Langerhans cells),上皮组织中的LC（1，普通光镜）捕捉外来抗原后即进入引流淋巴结的T细胞区，成为IDC（2，扫描电镜照片）。,2 并指状树突细胞（interdigitating DC）,IDC表达高水平的II类MHC分子和共刺激分子B7，具有激活T细胞的能力。,天然免疫系统“免疫军”的常规部队,Elie Metchnikoff 1845-1916Nobel Prize in 1908,可溶性天然免疫分子,天然免疫分子 识 别 对 象 效 应 溶菌酶细菌胞壁的糖肽 消化细菌胞壁 甘露糖结合蛋白（MBP）富含甘露糖的糖 致敏微生物；蛋白及脂多糖 激活补体 C反应蛋白（CRP）细菌表面多糖及 致敏微生物；磷酯胆碱 激活补体 补体与细胞及微生物表 杀伤靶细胞；面的糖及蛋白质共 趋化炎症细胞价结合 LPS结合蛋白（LBP）LPS 促进LPS与CD14结合 可溶性CD14 LPS 促进宿主细胞与LPS的结合,Complement(补体),获 得 性 免 疫 系 统,“The Specific Immune system”,2-4 Lymphocytes（淋巴细胞）,Lymphocytes are a class of white blood cells that bear variable cell surface receptors for antigens.There are two main classes of lymphocytes-B and T cells-which mediate humoral and cellular immunity respectively.,未活化淋巴细胞直径67微米，浆/核比例很小（左，普通光镜）。投射电镜显示未活化淋巴细胞胞核致密，胞浆中细胞器很少（右）。,T 淋巴细胞,获得性免疫系统的“五项基本原则”,2 One clone，one receptor,3 Clonal selection and expansion,4 Clonal deletion and self-tolerance,1 Lymphocytes and lymphoid organs,5 Antigen processing and presentation（MHC）,Antibody TCR MHC,“识 别 才 是 硬 道 理!”,Fab段,Fc段,抗原结合部位,Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915Nobel Prize in 1908,IgA homodimer IgM pentamer,7-2 Basic Structure of Ab Molecules 抗体分子的基本结构,IgG分子由两条H链和两条L链共价结合而成。轻链包括VL和CL两个结构域，重链含有1个VH和3个CH 结构域。VH和VL共同组成抗原结合部位。Ig分子中线对称，具有两个相同的抗原结合部位。,MHC 分子 处理并展示抗原内在信息的“播放系统”,Jean Dauset 1916-,Nobel Prize 1970 for study on immunogenetics,GOD,Generation of Diversity,Immunological memory(免疫记忆)疫苗与抗感染免疫,Immunological memory makes vaccination against infectious diseases possible!,Three TopicsDiversitySpecificityMemory,Adaptive Immunity,Three Representatives MHCAntibodiesTCRs,Why do they not want to play with my kids?,They should be vaccinated first,临床免疫及免疫病理 Hypersensitivity 超敏反应Immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷Autoimmune diseases 自身免疫病Cancer of the immune system 免疫系统肿瘤Tumor Immunology 肿瘤免疫,T、B 细胞联合免疫缺陷 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency，SCID,
