丝虫filariaworm.ppt
丝虫(filaria worm),组织寄生线虫:淋巴/结缔组织虫媒传播我国主要为两种淋巴丝虫引起淋巴丝虫病,丝虫中文学名,班氏吴策线虫 班氏丝虫马来布鲁线虫 马来丝虫旋盘尾丝虫 盘尾丝虫罗阿罗阿丝虫 罗阿丝虫,淋巴丝虫(Lymphatic filaria worm),班氏吴策线虫Wuchereria bancrofti马来布鲁线虫Brugia malayi,一、形态(Morphology),Adult worm:丝线状,双管型微丝蚴(Microfilaria):头隙、鞘膜、体核、尾核,两种微丝蚴形态比较,W.bancrofti B.malayi长度:296m 230m形态:柔和 僵硬头隙(长/宽):1:1 2:1 体核:清晰 融合尾核:无 有,Microfilariae measure 270 by 8 m,have a sheath and a tail with terminal constriction,elongated nuclei and absence of nuclei in the cephalic space.They have nocturnal periodicity.(Wet mount preparation).,Microfilaria of Brugia malayi,Microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi:the tail is tapered and present a constriction.The last two nuclei are divided by the constriction.,Brugia malayi:the cephalic space is longer than broad(in W.bancrofti is as long as broad).,二、生活史(Life cycle),Adult Microfilaria 幼虫 Filariform 腊肠期蚴 larva,淋巴系统,Infection stafe:丝状蚴感染方式:Mosquito(vector)Parasitic stage:成虫(淋巴系统)微丝蚴(Mf.)有夜现周期性“Nocturnal periodicity”,两种丝虫生物学特性比较,班氏丝虫 马来丝虫寄生部位 浅、深部LM管 上下肢&泌尿生殖系统 浅部LM管夜现周期 Pm10-Am2 Pm8-Am4主要蚊媒 库蚊 按蚊表现 象皮肿 象皮肿 乳糜尿等,三、致病(Pathogenesis),Main pathogenic factor:成虫急性:周期性淋巴管炎(离心性)淋巴结炎,丹毒样皮炎等慢性:象皮肿,乳糜尿,睪 睾丸鞘膜积液等,Lymphatic filariasis:elephantiasis is the last consequence of the swelling of limbs and scrotum.,Early hydrocoel in a Tanzanian man with W.bancrofti infection,实验室诊断(病原查诊),血滴镜检:查活Mf.厚血膜染色法:首选,鉴别种 采血时间(晚上9时后)海群生白天诱出法,实验室诊断(免疫诊断),ELISA检测 CAg或CAb 适用于无Mf血症患者,分布,热带与亚热带,与蚊媒一致国内:黄河以南15省市,山东、台湾仅班氏 丝虫一种,其余混合。,丝虫流行,开展防治前,全国病人3000万1994年,全国达到基本消灭,流行环节,传染源:Mf血症患者、带虫者蚊媒:W.b-culex(Anopheles)B.m-Anopheles(Aedes)易感人群:儿童、成人自然与社会因素,防治,人群治疗:海群生(Hetrazan)海盐疗法象皮肿治疗:烘绑疗法防蚊、灭蚊,旋毛形线虫Trichinella spiralis,概述,人兽共患寄生虫世界性分布,地区性特点散在爆发性流行,死亡率高,一、形态(Morphology),Adult worm:微小、线状 雌大雄小Larva:梭型囊包(elliptical capsule),Larva of Trichinella spiralis,Trichinella spiralis larvae in muscle section.,二、生活史(Life cycle),Infection stage:幼虫囊包(口入)中间宿主,终宿主为同一个体人兽共患,兽主人次,The haitation of adult 小肠,雌虫寿命1-2月 The habitation of larva 横纹肌内形成幼虫囊包(存活数年),Life-cycle features,人畜(兽)共患,兽主人次成虫、幼虫寄生同一宿主人:中间宿主、终宿主无外界自由生活阶段完成生活史必须更换宿主,三、致病(Pathogenesis),幼虫入侵期:消化道症状幼虫移行期:脏器组织炎症,过敏反应,水肿,肌肉痛囊包形成期:局部症状,四、诊断(Dignosis),饮食史,剩菜检验 Muscle biopsy search for larva Immunologic dignosis,五、流行与防治(Epidemology&Control),Reservoir hosrs:猪为主要传染源,人 体感染与食入未熟猪肉有关Control:饮食卫生、肉类检验、查治保虫宿主Treatment:阿苯达唑为首选,T.s.Parasitic site:striation muscles Infection stage:larva(capsule)Pathogenic stage:larvaEtiologic dignosis:muscle biopsy search for larvaDrug:Albendazole,