六动词的时态和语态.ppt
六、动词的时态和语态,1.(2009山东,34)I was out of town at the time,so I dont know exactly how it.A.was happeningB.happened C.happensD.has happened 解析“事情的发生”是和“was out of town”同时 发生的,故用一般过去时。,B,2.(2009宁夏,26)His sister left home in 1998,and since.A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D.has not heard of 解析 句意为:他的妹妹自从1998年离开家后一 直杳无音讯。根据句意,指从1998年后到现在一 直没有音讯,故应用现在完成时,排除A和C项;又因他的妹妹和hear of之间是被动关系,故排除 D项。,B,3.(2009江苏,21)The population of Jiangsu to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million.A.has grownB.have grown C.grew D.are growing 解析 本句中谈论的人口的增长是从1949年一直 到现在的人口的增长,所以应该用现在完成时态。又因为population作主语时谓语动词应该用单 数,所以此题选A。,A,4.(2009江苏,22)Ann is in hospital.Oh,really?I know.I go and visit her.A.didnt;am going toB.dont;would C.dont;willD.didnt;will 答案 D 解析 在听完第一个说话者的话之后“我不知道 Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去,所以要用 一般过去时,因此可以排除B、C两项;我去看她 这个动作发生在将来,是临时决定要去做某事,没有计划和安排性,所以用一般将来时,不用be going to结构,由此可以排除A项。故此题应该选 D。,5.(2009江苏,25)Hi,Torry,can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry.A.Its repaired B.It has been repaired C.Its being repaired D.It had been repaired 解析 由sorry可知,第二个说话者拒绝了第一 个说话者借电脑的要求,只有选C项,第二个人 的理由才充分。答句句意为:对不起,我的电脑 正在被修理。,C,6.(2009天津,2)My parents in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A.liveB.lived C.were livingD.will live 解析 由第二句中的“.have never lived anywhere else.”可知,空格处应用一般现在时 表示状态。,A,7.(2009上海,29)Mary went to the box office at lunch time,but all the tickets out.A.would sellB.had sold C.have soldD.was selling 解析 玛丽去售票处是一个过去的动作,而票全 部售完发生在玛丽去售票处之前,因此是“过去的 过去”,故用过去完成时。,B,8.(2009上海,36)During the period of recent terrorist activities,people not to touch any unattended bag.A.had always been warned B.were always being warned C.are always warning D.always warned 解析 由句意可知,people与warn之间是被动关 系,故排除C、D两项;A项是过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”,而语境中没有这种时间提示,故 选B项,即“人们一直被警告不要去触动任何无人 看管的包裹”。,B,9.(2009江西,29)What is the price of petrol these days?Oh,it sharply since last month.A.is raisedB.has risen C.has arisenD.is increased 解析 由since last month可知应该用现在完成 时,首先排除A、D。再根据句意可知应该选B。rise是不及物动词,意为“上升”,符合题意。arise意为“站立,出现”,不符合语境。,B,10.(2009江西,31)Do you want a lift home?Its very kind of you,but I have to work late in the office.I overslept this morning because my alarm clock.A.doesnt go offB.wont go off C.wasnt going offD.didnt go off 解析 由上文的I overslept this morning可知 此处谈论的是发生在过去的一件事,所以用一 般过去时。,D,11.(2009四川,15)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it.A.has repairedB.is repaired C.is being repairedD.will be repaired 解析 根据上下文来看,不选那条路的原因是通 向那条路的桥梁正在被修,故用现在进行时态的 被动语态。,C,12.(2009四川,18)You speak very good French!Thanks.I French in Sichuan University for four years.A.studiedB.study C.was studyingD.had studied 解析 句意为:你法语说得很好!谢谢。我在四川大学学了四年法语。此处表示过去某 一段时间所进行的动作,纯粹是过去的事实,与现在没有关系,故用一般过去时。,A,13.(2009辽宁,24)Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair all day.Could you speak to her now?A.phonesB.has phoned C.has been phoningD.phoned 解析 句意为:对不起,玛西娅,一位来自 Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话,你现 在能和她通话吗?表示过去开始的动作一直持 续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。,C,14.(2009辽宁,31)My parents have promised to come to see me before I for Africa.A.have leftB.leave C.leftD.will leave 解析 句意为:我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来 看我。主句中have promised to come to see me 表示“答应将要来看我”,时间状语从句中的动词 应用一般现在时代替将来。,B,15.(2009福建,31)According to the literary review,Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.A.will makeB.had made C.was makingD.makes 解析 因为是“根据文学评论”做出的事情,故 用一般现在时来表示动作的时间性。,D,动词的时态 1.一般现在时 一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在,指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示:(1)表示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动作,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。(2)表示客观事实或普遍现象。I usually go to bed at nine.我通常9点钟睡觉。,2.一般将来时的几种用法比较(1)be going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。(2)shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时想到的。(3)be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。(4)be about to do sth.表示“即刻,就要”,后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。,(5)用于条件、时间等状语从句中,例如由if,unless,before,as soon as,when,once引导的状语从句,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(6)少数用于表示动作起止的动词。如:go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin等有时也用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作(表示车、船、飞机等按时刻表要发生的动作)。The plane for Beijing takes off at 930.去北京的飞机930起飞。(7)少数用于表示动作起止的动词,如:go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。,3.现在进行时 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作,具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示:(1)表示说话时刻正在发生或进行着的动作。(2)表示现在阶段正在进行的动作。4.现在完成时 现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响或对现在造成的结果,以及表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点:,(1)现在完成时除可以和for,since引起的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years。(2)现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构:It is/has been+一段时间+since从句 That/This/It is the only.That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting.,(3)非延续性动词marry,close,die,arrive,post,come,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,become,start,begin,graduate如果用于现在完成时,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语for.,since.连用。5.一般过去时是与现在没有联系的时态,只强调过去的事实,不强调与现在的关系。,6.过去完成时(1)第一种类型是:过去完成时+before/by the time/when.+一般过去时。第二种类型是:Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/when+一般过去时。第三种类型是:I had thought/expected/meant/wanted.表示过去未实现的希望或计划。第四种类型是:动作发生顺序是过去的过去。(2)表示过去未实现的希望或计划,用I had hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/wanted/to do sth.句型,表示我本希望/想/可能/打算/认为/想做某事。,7.过去将来时(相对于过去某个时间发生在将来的动作)过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态,用法与其相同,但要注意时态变化。注意 was/were going to do sth.表过去将来,或表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。8.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,也可表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作,强调动作的持续性。,I have written three letters.我已写完三封信。(已写完)I have been writing three letters.我一直在写三封信。(可能还在写)注意(1)有些动词,如ork,study,live,teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。(2)下列动词不能用于进行时态。短暂动作类:finish,marry,get up,come,go等。感官类:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,seem,appe ar等。,感觉类:hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive等。存在类:be,exist,remain,stay,obtain等。占有、从属类:have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of 等。认知类:understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember等。,被动语态 1.英语中被动语态常用于下列几种场合:不知道动作的执行者;不必提到动作的执行者;强调或侧重动作的承受者;动作的执行者很模糊;有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。Its suggested that we put the meeting off.有人建议我们延期举行会议。2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构的被动结构 It is known that.众所周知 It is suggested that.有人建议,It is believed that.有人相信 It is hoped that.大家希望 It is thought that.大家认为 3.被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态中的过去分词是动词,表示动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,表示状态。These things are sold quickly.(被动语态)这些东西卖得很快。These things are all sold out.(系表结构)这些东西已经卖完了。,常使用系表结构的词有:be seated坐着,be hidden躲藏,be lost迷路,be drunk喝醉,be dressed穿着,be devoted to致力于;献身,be determined决定,be compared比较。4.不使用被动语态的几种情况(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等系动词后面接形容词时。(2)当break out,take place,go off,run out,give out,give in,work out,come out,come into being,run out,give in,happen,take place,break out等动词表示“发生;制定”等意思时。,The plan worked out successfully.这项计划很成功。(3)want,require,need,worth,deserve后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。These flowers want/require/need watering.这些花需要浇水。(4)有时尽管不定式与其逻辑主语是被动关系,但不定式仍用主动语态。不定式作状语,如果句子中存在light,heavy,difficult,easy,comfortable等词时就应该用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。(5)当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,lock,shut,dry,drink,wash等表示某种性质且动词带状语修饰语时。,无时间状语的易错点If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago,you would have known what we about.A.TalkedB.have talkedC.were talkingD.would talk,由于高考考查动词的时态时往往不给出具体的时间状语,因此在解答动词的时态题时,考生要善于从上下文或者具体的语境中确定动作发生的时间,从而确定使用什么时态。,【解题探究】C。句意为:如果你十分钟以前进入聊天室的话,你就会知道我们当时正在谈论什么内容。表示过去正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。故正确答案为C。易混时态的常错点The old man who in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now.A.LivedB.has livedC.has been livingD.had lived,对一些容易混淆的时态的考查也是高考考查动词时态的一大热点。解答该类题目时,考生首先要掌握各种时态的具体用法,其次在做题时一定要根据所给出的语境判断动作发生的时间:是过去的过去,是过去,是现在,还是将来,然后根据时态的用法来确定正确答案。,【解题探究】A。由“has been settled in a nursing home now”可知,现在那位老人已经不住在那座房子里了,也就是说那位老人在那座房子里住了十年的动作并没有持续到现在,与现在没有关系,故不能用完成时。这里只表示过去曾经发生过某事,应该用一般过去时,故正确答案为A。难辨句式易错点1.How could I apply for a course online?Just fill in this form and we what we can do for you.,A.SeeB.are seeingC.have seenD.will see,题干为小对话时,一定要读懂语境,要善于从语境中确定动作发生的时间。有时看是否是固定句型也会很有用,因为在一些固定句型中时态也是相对固定的,如在“祈使句+and+陈述句”这个句型中陈述句往往用一般将来时。,【解题探究】D。答语意为:先把这个表格填好,我们将看看能为你做些什么。故要用一般将来时。2.Suddenly everyone stopped talking.It became clear that something unexpected.But,for a while,I didnt know what it was.A.has happened B.is happening C.happened D.had happened,主从句中的时态一致也是高考考查时态的热点之一。在叙述过去的事情时,主句和从句都要用与过去相应的时态。主句为一般现在时的时候宾语从句或其他的从句可以根据需要用相应的时态。,【解题探究】D。由语境可知这里是在叙述过去发生的事情。这里强调的是在“everyone stopped talking”这一过去动作之前发生的动作,即表示“过去的过去发生的动作”,故用过去完成时。,难辨时态语态易错点(2009湖南,27)Would you please keep silent?The weather report and I want to listen.A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast,在考查动词的时态和语态时,高考试题往往把时态和语态放在一起考查。要解答好这种类型的题目,首先要判断用主动语态还是用被动语态,判断用哪种语态主要是判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系;其次再判断动作发生的时间。,【解题探究】B。句意为:请你保持安静好吗?正在广播天气预报,我想听听。broadcast与主语the weather report构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且该动作正在进行,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态形式。,2.Water at 100.In such hot weather,it wont take much time to boil water.A.boilsB.is boiled C.will boilD.is boiling,主动形式表示被动意义也是高考考查动词的时态和语态的热点之一。当谓语动词被用来说明主语的性质或特征时,往往用主动表示被动,因为此时的谓语动词并不强调是一个被动的动作。,【解题探究】A。“水在100会沸腾”这是一种客观事实,也是水的一种性质,故选A。又如:The knife cuts sharply.这把刀很锋利。,1.(2009合肥市三次质检)Although many measures,the worlds economy is still going down.A.were takenB.have been taken C.will be takenD.are taken 解析 考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的 动作对现在造成影响,所以用现在完成时;take 与measures之间构成动宾关系,所以要用被动语 态。,B,2.(2009安徽皖南八校三次联考)This Monday morning I was informed I as one of the three exchange students from our college.A.had been choosingB.was chosen C.had been chosenD.was choosing 解析 choose的动作发生在过去的过去,应用过 去完成时。此处又表示被动,故用过去完成时的 被动语态。,C,3.(2009安徽名校联考(二)The pianist planned to give a concert on March 8 but the date because of his illness.A.was postponing B.was postponed C.had been postponed D.was being postponed 解析 考查时态和语态。日期被推迟,所以用被 动;这里表示的是对过去动作的一般性陈述,应用 一般过去时。,B,4.(2009杭州二次质检)Years ago we didnt know this,but recent science that women who drink more than two cups of coffee every day are more likely to have heart disease than those who dont.A.showedB.has shown C.will showD.is showing 解析 考查时态。这里用现在完成时表示已经得 出了该结论。,B,5.(2009杭州二次质检)If I hadnt been caught in the heavy rain,I could have been back by 7 oclock.What a pity!Stella here to see you.A.isB.was C.would beD.has been解析 考查时态。第一句是与过去事实相反的虚 拟语气,因此第二句应该用一般过去时。,B,6.(2009温州二次质检)Youd better keep quiet in class.Sometimes I.Yesterday,I was as quiet as a mouse during my English class.A.wouldB.do C.didD.was 解析 考查动词的时态。根据语境来看应该是描 述了主语的习惯性的行为,所以要用现在时。,B,7.(2009金丽衢十二校二次联考)When you finish your work,dont forget to put the tools back where they.A.areB.will be C.wereD.had been解析 考查时态。这里指的是拿之前的位置,故 要用过去式。,C,8.(2009金丽衢十二校二次联考)Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they without me.A.wentB.are going C.have goneD.had gone解析 考查时态。答语意为:我原以为她们不等我 就走了呢。“想”和“走”两个动作有时间上的先后 关系,故用过去完成时。,D,9.(2009济南市二次统考)Hey,Lee.I you never took interest in computer games.What a surprise!A.dont thinkB.didnt think C.thinkD.thought 解析 考查时态。句意为:太令人惊讶了,我原 以为你绝不会对电脑游戏感兴趣的。说话人现在 发现Lee对电脑游戏感兴趣,以前没想到。,D,10.(2009济南市二次统考)Excuse me,I wonder if you can help.I my ID card.But where did you lose it?A.have lostB.lost C.had lostD.lose 解析 考查时态。一般过去时和现在完成时均 可表示事情已经发生,但一般过去时强调动作本 身,而现在完成时强调该动作的结果和影响。第 一个人说自己的ID card丢了想寻求帮助,所以 应用现在完成时。,A,11.(2009潍坊市二次质检)And the horses up to the finish line.Theyre neck and neck.neck and neck all the way.Oh,the Italian horse Mamma Mia the race!A.come;is winning B.have come;wins C.are coming;won D.are coming;wins 答案 D 解析 考查时态。第一空是进行时表示将来意 为“马即将到达终点”;第二空是表示客观事实。,12.(2009潍坊市二次质检)The BBC news is usually not difficult to,but its often too hard to.A.pick up;be understood B.pick up;understand C.be picked;understand D.be picked;be understood 答案 B 解析 在表语形容词difficult,hard后用不定 式的主动形式表示被动含义。,13.(2009潍坊市一次质检)If a computer crashes,you will lose the file you on if you dont save it early enough.A.are workingB.work C.will workD.worked 解析 考查时态。结合语境可知此处应该用现 在进行时。,A,14.(2009青岛二次质检)I understand its not your fault,but the airline they would deliver my baggage yesterday.A.promisesB.has promised C.promisedD.had promised 解析 考查动词的时态。从后面的时间状语 yesterday可知,描述的是过去发生的事情,应 用一般过去时态。,C,15.(2009青岛市一次质检)Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe,attempts to use botanical fuel as a source of power.A.have madeB.having made C.are being madeD.will be making 解析 考查时态。句意为:由于俄罗斯限制向欧 洲出口天然气,他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为 一种新的能源。此处的make和attempts之间是动 宾关系,故用被动语态。,C,16.(2008青岛市一次质检)Mom,you should have taken me to the park this morning.I had planned to,but I couldnt afford the time.I a lecture.A.had givenB.gave C.was givingD.would give 解析 考查动词时态。表示过去某一时间正在进 行的动作,用过去进行时。故选项C正确。,C,17.(2008烟台二次模拟)Where can we get your new science fiction?Im sorry,it and will come out next week.A.has been printedB.will be printed C.is printedD.is being printed 解析 考查动词的时态。根据后面的will come out next week可知,应该选择D项,用现在进行 时的被动语态表示(小说)正在(被)印刷中。,D,18.(2008山东命题专家原创卷(一)You should have come to the party last Saturday evening.It was really wonderful.But a friend an unexpected visit to me.A.paidB.had paid C.would payD.has paid 解析 考查时态。由对话可知,答话人没有去参加 宴会是因为“一个朋友事先没有通知我就来看我 了”,表示过去发生的一个事实,用一般过去时,答案为A。,A,19.(2008山东命题专家原创卷(二)Hi,Susan,where were you at lunch time?I a seat for you in the coffee shop.Oh,sorry to miss you.My political science class ran longer than usual.A.am savingB.was saving C.had savedD.have saved 解析 考查时态。根据语境判断,吃饭是过去发 生的事情,强调在吃饭的过程中“一直为对方留 着位子”,应该用过去进行时。,B,20.(2008山东命题专家原创卷(四)Do you know our city of Xian at all?No,not at all.You see,this is the first time I here.A.cameB.am coming C.wasD.have been 解析 考查时态。It/This is the first/last time(that)sb.have/has done sth.为固定句型。,D,.单项填空1.(2009山东命题专家原创卷(五)She speaks German well because she stayed in Germany.Really?How long there?A.does she stayB.is she staying C.has she stayedD.did she stay 解析 考查时态。结合上一句中stayed可知说话人 问的是过去一段时间所处的状态,因此用一般过 去时。选D。,D,2.(2009山东命题专家原创卷(七)For some time now,Chinese people,under the leadership of CPC,the contents of the Scientific Development Theory in the course of practicing socialism in China.A.had been improving B.have been improving C.were improvingD.improved解析 考查时态。句意为:一段时间以来,中国 人民在中国共产党的领导下,在实践中国社会主 义的进程中,一直在丰富和发展“科学发展观”的 思想。由句中的时间状语“For some time now”可 知,这里要用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时 表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,还有 可能继续持续下去。,B,3.(2009山东命题专家原创卷(七)No one is sure who the dictionary.A.belonging toB.belongs to C.is belonged toD.is belonging to解析 考查语态。从句缺谓语,belong to不可用 于进行时和被动语态,故选B。句意为:没有人能 确定那本词典是谁的。,B,4.(2009山东命题专家原创卷(八)It quite correct that happiness comes from thinking about things in a positive way.A.has turned outB.has been turned out C.in turning outD.is turned out 解析 考查时态和语态。turn out“结果是”在这 里作连系动词用,不用进行时态,也不能用被动 语态。故A项正确。,A,5.(2009山东命题专家原创卷(九)Ever since the financial crisis,many workers from their jobs.A.broke out;are laid off B.broke out;have been laid off C.has broken out;were laid off D.broke out;had been laid off 答案 B 解析 考查时态。ever since引导时间状语从句,从句用过去时。主句表示从过去持续到现在的情 况,因此用现在完成时。,6.(2009山东命题专家原创卷(十)When did you move to Beijing?Last year.But I in a school in Japan for 8 years.A.has taughtB.has been taught C.have been teachingD.taught解析 考查时态在具体语境中的运用。从答语来 看,说话者去年搬到了北京,表明他在日本教书的 动作在过去已经结束了,但并没有对现在造成影 响,只能用一般过去时。,D,7.(2009东北名校联考(一)I havent seen Mary these past few days.Im afraid she herself for some time.A.isnt feelingB.hasnt been feeling C.hadnt been feeling D.wasnt feeling 解析 考查时态的用法。从题干中的for some time可知,选项部分的时态应为完成时;从后面 的一句话可推知Mary到现在状态还是不佳,故用 现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直持续的动 作。feel oneself意为“觉得身体正常”。,B,8.(2009天津市六