听说课教学策略与设计.ppt
听说课教学策略与设计,提 纲,Teaching listeningTeaching speakingDesigning listening and speaking class,language is the tool of thought(Vygotsky 1978),language is a sound with a meaning(anonymous),Learning a new language is an ACTIVE process.,听力:听说在英语教学中的重要性,Fries:“学生学会说英语的前提首先是听”;据统计,在语言交流中,听占45%,说占 30%,读占16%,写占9%;国内外专家认为,学习母语和外语应遵循“听说领先,读写跟上”的原则,了解学生听的过程中的困难:听力材料:语言材料的篇幅和深度听者:语音知识、词汇方面、语法知识、听的技能、文化背景知识(对话题的熟悉程度);注意力、发音准确性、生理和心理状态、语境知识 听力活动的设置,概括起来,听力教学的难点有以下几点:,听力技能五级目标描述,1、能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图;2、能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提 取信息和观点;3、能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意;4、能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文,理解故事的因果关系;5、能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应;6、能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。,听力活动的层次,1.辨认(discrimination and identification)第一层是初级层次,是二、三两层发展的基础,主要是语音辨认、信息辨认、符号辨认等等,可以通过正误辨认、匹配、勾画等方式训练和检查。当然,本层次的辨认也分不同的等级,语音辨认就属于最初级的要求,说话者意图的辨认就成为高级要求。2.转换(transferring)将听到的信息转换到图、表中,这其中涉及到对信息的分析和笔头输出。本层次同样包含到不同的层次,包括原信息转换和运用自己的语言进行转化。本层次可以利用填图、填表等方式进行。3.重组与再现(reformulation and reproduction)第一、二层次属于信息获取,第三层次要求学生用自己的语言重新组合获取信息通过口头方式或笔头方式表达出来。在教学中可以组织学生根据所填写的图表进行复述练习等活动。,听力活动的层次,4.领会社会含义(interpretation of meaning)听力为交际服务,交际要求有效、得体,而社会含义的理解就成为交际的关键。听力中可以让学生听包含不同语言形式的几个场景,然后让其将描述与图片场景匹配。描述中通过语言的正式程度表达社会含义,图片中可以通过穿着、身势语等方式展示正式的程度。解释、转化、推理观点、态度、情感5.第五层:运用(application)在新的语境中使用所获知的信息、技巧、策略等,用于传达信息、表达思想、解决问题6.综合(synthesis)将所听力的多个信息按照一定的逻辑组合起来7.评价(evaluation)对听力中的事件、任务、观点态度按照一定的标准(内在的或外在的)进行评论 听不是目的,听是为了了解对方的意图,听是为了交流、交际和沟通,为了解决问题。因此,评价和应用是听力教学中力图达到的一个层次。课堂上可以通过讨论、辩论、问题解决等活动进行评价。,听力技能的培养Key listening comprehension skills:Listening for details(听细节)Listening for gist(听主旨)Drawing inferences(推论)Listening selectively(选择地听)Making predictions(预测),(参照课程标准的要求),听力教学的重点,The tape recorder is just as important as the tape.Preparation is vital.Once will not be enough.Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a listening,not just to the language.Different listening stages demand different listening tasks.Good teachers exploit listening to the full.,Jeremy Harmer 的六个听力教学原则,感知(perception)分析(analyzing)运用(utilization)-Anderson,听力理解的三个阶段:,说话者因素(speaker factors):听者因素(listener factors)内容因素(content factors)辅助因素(supporting factors)-Brown&Yule,影响听力难度的因素:,自下而上的教学模式(the bottom-up approach)自上而下的教学模式(the top-down approach)交互听力教学模式,听力课的三种教学模式:,听力教学的过程,听前(Before listening)预览(标题、插图、练习)预测(激活背景知识、有目的听、消除紧张情绪)听中(While listening)第一遍听全文(global listening),抓主旨大意 第二遍听细节(selective listening),做练习或任务 第三遍听全文,检查练习、任务完成情况听后(After listening)拓展型活动,Listen&check in pairs Elicit some answers.(?)if not sure.Listen again to check,set extra task.E.g.“Why?”Listen again X 2 if necessary.AskIf Q&A,sts ask and answerElicit reasons,Staging feedback,Analyze,How are the listening tasks arranged in our textbook?Are they in accordance with the teaching listening theory that weve discussed?,八年级下册Unit 1Page 1话题情景引入词汇学习第一次听力输入第一次口语表达,Page 2第二次听力输入第二次口语输出角色扮演示范对话,Page 3第一次阅读输入阅读理解活动,Page 4语法总结语法练习,Page 5话题拓展第三次听力输入第三次口语输出,Page 6第二次阅读输入阅读策略培养,Page 7阅读理解活动书面表达,Page 8书面表达自我检测,新修订教材 优化听力活动设计,减少一些画圈、打钩、标号的听力活动,增加了一些动脑思考而且动手写的活动,包括回答问题、完成句子、填写表格、信息匹配,转换人称进行信息表述等。,完成句子,填写表格,信息匹配,Teaching speaking,THINK-PAIR-SHAREread write say hearYou need to a word before you can itYou need to.a word before you can itYou need to.a word before you can It(Linse 2005),8 SPEAKING TECHNIQUES,SPEAK AND ANSWER Show and tell,These are the clothes.,He does karate.,LISTEN AND SPEAKCHAIN STORY,Once upon a time there was a,It was very.,It lived in a,There were many.,There was a,LISTEN AND ANSWERHOT SEAT,Can you eat it?It is big?Can it run?Is it green?Can it swim?Does it have two legs?Can it fly?Is it small?Does it bite?Now you ask questions!,You can only answer YES or NO,TOUCH AND SPEAKTOUCH THE OBJECT,WATCH AND SPEAKIN THE MANNER OF,Practice pronunciation(发音练习)Tongue twisters(绕口令),GUESS AND SPEAKWHAT IS IT?,巩固和复现先前输入的目标语言结构提供完整的对话和真实的语境,供学生在模仿的基础上生成新的口语表达进一步呈现单元目标语言结构,为后面总结语法结构做铺垫,新修订教材 增加口语范例,口语范例教学建议,1 T presents new words:Monday,Friday,Saturday2 Ss listen to the tape,read the dialogue and answer questions:What day does Bob like?What day does Frank like?3 Ss listen and repeat after the tape:the whole class,in groups4 Ss role-play the dialogue in pairs5 Ss present their dialogues6 Let Ss make their own dialogues7 Ss present their own dialgogues in pairs or groups,听说课型设计及案例,Warming up,Pre-,While-,Post-,Summary(speaking,writing),原则:先输入,后输出;步骤:input-intake-internalization-output 从input到output的关键在于实践(practice)。Doing different kinds of exercise.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。,案例分析,Thank you,51,