语法动词ing的用法.ppt

动词-ing形式的用法The ing Form of Verbs,现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？,那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。V+-ing,The ing form构成：1.一般情况 rain-2.以e结尾的动词 hope-3.重读闭音节的动词 stop-4.以ie结尾的动词 die-lie-tie-,raining,hoping,stopping,dying,lying,tying,归纳总结：动词-ing是_中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除_之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词-ing表示_（主动/被动)的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示_（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。,动词非谓语形式,谓语,主动,正在进行,Ing 时 态 和 语 态,重点,注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加not,作主语：动名词(动词ing形式在句中做主语、宾语、表语时，其作用相当于抽象名词),Teaching is my full-time job.,Writing an English composition is not easy.Its useless taking this kind of medicine.,归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没益/用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There be no doing 无法，不允许,There is no sense in doing 做、没有道理There is/was no use doing 干、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、更糟的There is/was no point doing 干、无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.做这件傻事毫无意义。There is no point doing such a silly thing.,和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock这事值得去做。Its worth making the effort若要人不知，除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matter.,作表语,（1）动名词My job is teaching.=Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.,（2）现在分词The play is exciting.Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting.Interesting was the story he told us.,动名词做表语对主语解释说明，可与句子的主语互换，不影响原意。,现在分词的动作是句中主语发出的，主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系，不能与主语互换位置。,作宾语,1.只接动名词的动词：,避免错过少延期 avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成多练习 suggest/advise/finish/complete/practice喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/imagine/cant help承认否定与嫉妒 admit/deny/envy逃避冒险莫宽恕 escape/risk/forgive/excuse忍受保持不介意 stand/keep/mind允许感激和考虑 allow/permit/appreciate/consider明白鼓励要禁止 understand/encourage/forbid,2.意义一致,Like/hate/begin/start/love/continue/prefer,Like to do 具体的将来的一次的Like doing 习惯性经常性的I like playing football.I like to play football this afternoon.,3.意义不一致,remember/forget/regret I forgot to post your letter.未做 I forgot posting your letter.做了,B.mean/tryMean to do 打算 mean doing 意味着Try to do 努力 try doing 试着,C.stop/go on stop to do 另一件 stop doing 同一件,D.need/want/requireThe flowers need watering.Doing 用主动The flowers need to be watered.to be done用被动,接动名词作宾语的词组(举例)：介词+doing preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to stick to look forward to(to为介词）admit to no use,Its worth,as well as,cant help,Its no use/good be tired of be fond of be afraid of be proud of hold off put off keep on insist on set about be successful in good at take up give up prevent from think of/about,作宾语补足语表示宾语进行的动作，具有主动和进行的含义,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,常见ing作宾语补足语出现在下列动词后，见课本145页,动名词作定语表示性质或用途。a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine.,作定语,作定语,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.China is a developing country.,作 状 语,现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等，具有主动和进行的含义。表示其动作与句子的谓语是同时的。,Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out.（时间）,Being ill,he went home.（原因）,European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.（结果）,He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）,Seeing from the hill,you can get the whole town.(条件）,注意：分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。,1.Comparing all the great people with each other,youll find that they have much in common.2.Finding her car stolen,she hurried to a policeman for help.3.The train having gone,we had to wait another day.,分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train。,根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,soyoullfeelverycomfortable.(),注意：-ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。,分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,youllfeelverycomfortable.,简单了解一般式与完成式的时间意义,1.Looking carefully at the ground,I made my way to the edge of the crater.,2.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,I didnt take much notice.,ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前,ing形式的一般式所表示的时间与谓语动词无明显的先后顺序,观察下列2个句子,体会having done与doing的不同的用法(1)Having written the letter,John went to the post office.(2)Seeing the beautiful sight,the children felt excited.总结:,V-ing,doing,having done,表动作有先有后,表动作同时发生,一般式,完成式,The end,