莫高窟(英文ppt介绍).ppt
Do you know those photos？,Where is it？,Follow me please!,Mogao Caves 莫高窟,25km,敦煌市东南部25公里处，鸣沙山上,TheMogao CavesorMogao Grottoes also known as theCaves of the Thousand Buddhas,form a system included 492 temples and an oasis strategically,located at a religious and cultural crossroads-theSilk Road,敦煌石窟,敦煌石窟中国甘肃敦煌一带的石窟总称。包括敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、榆林窟、东千佛洞及肃北蒙古族自治县五个庙石窟等,中国三大石窟,Longmen Grottoes,Yungang Grottoes,Mogao Grottoes,History,Dunhuang was established as a frontier garrison(边境要塞）outpost by the Han DynastyEmperor to protect against theXiongnuin 111 BC.It also became an important gateway to the West,a centre of commerce along theSilk Road,as well as a meeting place of various people and religions such asBuddhism。,During the Tang Dynasty,Dunhuang had became the main hub of commerce of the Silk Road and a major religious centre.A large number of the caves were constructed at Mogao during this era,including the two large statues of Buddha at the site,the largest one constructed in 695 following an edict a year earlier by Tang EmpressWu Zetian to build giant statues across the country.,History,After the Tang Dynasty,the site went into a gradual decline,and construction of new caves ceased entirely after theYuan Dynasty.Islam（伊斯兰教）had conquered much of Central Asia,and the Silk Road declined in importance when trading via sea-routes began to dominate Chinese trade with the outside worldThe Northern Song Dynasty，the tangut(西夏）and the Yuan Dynasty，Mogao Caves gradually hasten the decline，only repaired the previous dynasty hole room（孔房）primarily，newly built extremely fewAfter Yuan Dynasty，along with Silk Road abandoning，Mogao Caves also stopped constructing and is neglected gradually in common peoples field of visionAfter clear in 1701，here only then again manner attentionThe modern times，people usual name it“Thousand Buddhas Cave,CAVES,Mogao Caves are the nation key cultural relic preservation organ（全国文物重点保护单位）It is world famous by the fine mural and the castIts beginning constructs at 16 countries former Qin times，has been through repeatedly 16 countries，the Northern Dynasy，Sui，Tang，five generations，Tangut，the Yuan and so on all previous dynasties constructing。,Forms the huge scale，existing cavern 735，the mural 45000 square meter，argillaceous painted sculpture 2415，are in theworld the extant scale is biggest，the content richest Buddhism artplaceThe Mogao Caves extant cavern 735，divides into the north and south two areasSouth the area is Mogao Caves main body，is engaged in the religious activities for the clergy the place，some 487 caverns，have the mural or make an idolNorth the area has 248 caverns，in which only then 5 existence murals or makes an idol（冥想）But after other all is the place that the clergy leads a pious life（僧侣修行）Two area total 492 cavern existence mural and makes an idol，has the mural 45，000 square meter，the argillaceous painted sculpture 2415，Tang Songmu constructs cliff eave 5，as well as several thousand lotus flower pillars，spread out on the floor the decorative brick and so on,This are 248 caves of north which has also been found to the north which were living quarters（住处）,meditation chambers（冥想室）and burial sites（土葬）for the monks.The caves are clustered（聚合）together according to their era,with new caves from a new dynasty being constructed in different part of the cliff。,Murals&Sculptures,The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history,from the 5th to the 14th century The murals are largely of Buddhist theme,some however are of traditional mythical themes（传统神话主题）and portraits（画像）of patrons（赞助人）,There are around 2,400 surviving clay sculptures at Mogao.These were first constructed on a wooden frame,padded with reed,then modelled in clay stucco（粘土）,and finished with paint The early sculptures were based on Indian and Central Asian 中亚prototypes（原型）with some inGreco-Indian（印度希腊王国）style ofGandhara（古印度）.Over time the sculptures showed more Chinese elementsand became gradually sinicized（中国化）,Early murals showed a strong Indian and Central Asian influence in the painting techniques used,A distinct Dunhuang style（截然不同的的敦煌风格）however began to emerge（浮现）during Northern Wei Dynasty,the murals of the Mogao Caves,Xuanzang performing ceremonies for the Buddha 敦煌壁画中的唐僧礼佛图,Worshipping Bodhisattva,cave 285,Wei Dynasty,432窟 菩萨.西魏,迦叶 第427窟中心柱南龛 隋代,Dancer,cave 220,early Tang Dynasty.,328窟 阿难 初唐,322窟 天王 初唐,55窟 力士 宋,419窟 菩萨阿难 隋,384窟 供养菩萨 盛唐,阿难 第45窟龛南侧 盛唐,427窟 佛菩萨 隋,彩塑一铺 第45窟 盛唐,45窟 迦叶 盛唐,LateTang,The mural commemorating（纪念）victory of Zhang Yichao over the Tibetans,Cave 156,Wife of Dunhuang ruler Cao Yanlu,Cave 61,Five Dynasties.,Cave 409,Western Xia,最大的壁画五台山图 宋代,长 13.45米,高3.42米,飞天壁画,VALUE,The travel ofZhang Qianto the West,Sakyamuni 释迦牟尼,Bandit attacks 强盗袭击,96号窟，俗称九层楼,莫高窟第一大佛像 弥勒佛,高33米,130窟 弥勒像莫高窟的第二大佛像,高26米,158窟的卧佛,Mogao Grottoes Art,目 录,一、,三、,Murals art,二、,Painted sculpture art,Architectural art,Painted sculpture art,ADunhuang Grottoes carved in the conglomerate,in addition to North and south like hillside stone sculpture,the rest for the wooden structure.The main Dunhuang art sculptures of Buddha,Bodhisattva,king,Jin Gang,and his followers as lux,God etc.The form of colorful colorful,round plastic,floating plastic,plastic film,plastic good karma etc.34.5 meters high,minimum is only about 2 cm(good karma wood and mud stone),superb technology and the rich subject matter,called Buddhist sculptures in the museum.Plastic 17 Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty Hexi all series of portraits and statues and painted with crutch Valet,and Tsu Taecho,the statues and murals as a whole,is Chinas earliest realistic monk really like one,with a high historical and artistic value,Painted sculpture art,Murals art,Rich and colorful murals,various Buddhist stories,mountains and scenery,pavilions,terraces and open halls etc.Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes murals(11)Architectural painting,landscape painting,flower pattern,flying Buddha and then working people were the scene of a variety of production etc.,reproduction is the art of over 1500 years of Sixteen States to the Qing Dynasty folk style and historical changes,magnificent.In a large number of murals art can also be found that the ancient artists on the basis of the nationalization,the Iran,India,Greece and other countries of the ancient art,is a symbol of the Chinese nation developed civilization.The murals of various dynasties show different styles of painting,which reflects the political,economic and cultural situation of Chinese feudal society,and it is a glorious chapter in the history of Chinese ancient art.,The highest cave,The Mogao Grottoes the cliff of the soil is soft,not suitable for production of stone,so the Mogao Grottoes statues in addition to the four Buddha Dunhuang Mogao colorful stone tire clay sculpture,the rest are wooden bones clay.Statue for the deities of Buddhist figures,arranged in a single image and images.,images of the Buddha in the middle,on both sides of the ministering disciple and Bodhisattva,at least three body,more than 11.,Mogao Grottoes,Thank you,
