英文标点符号用法(句号分号冒号问号感叹号).ppt

。Full stop,A period(American English)or full stop(British English)is the punctuation mark commonly placed at the end of sentences.You use it like a knife to cut the sentences to the required length.Generally,you can break up the sentences using the full stop at the end of a logical and complete thought that looks and sounds right to you.,Use the full stopto mark the end of a sentence which is not a question or an exclamation.Rome is the capital of Italy.I was born in Australia and now live in Indonesia.Notes：（1）He has only been there two or three times.（陈述句）（2）Put the dictionary on the shelf.（祈使句）（3）Dont cry.（用句号）Look out!（用感叹号）（4）Will you weight it,please.（表请求）,2.to indicate an abbreviation（缩略词）I will be in between 6 a.m.and 7 p.m.kg.千克 c.c.（或cc.）立方厘米 a.m.上午 n.名词i.e.即 etc.等等 No.第 Mr.先生（可不用）Mrs.太太（可不用）在当代英语里，有些指集体的缩略词常不用省略句号，如：UN联合国 USA 美国UK 联合王国CPC 中国共产党,3.special case-three dots This indicates that only part of the sentence or text has been quoted or that it is being left up to the reader to complete the rest of the sentence.The Lords Prayer begins,“Our Father which are in Heaven.”4.fullstop after a single word Sometimes a single word can form the sentence.In this case you place a fullstop after the word as you would in any other sentence.Goodbye.Stop.,?question mark,Use a question mark At the end of all direct questions.Be careful not to put a question mark at the end of an indirect question.What is your name?Youre Spanish,arent you?He asked me what my name was.I asked my sister if she had a date.,Note：Sometimes a question mark can be placed within a sentence.There is cause for concern-isnt there?-that the current world economic balance is so fragile that it may lead to a global economic downturn.,2.Rhetorical questions(asked when an answer is not really expected)are questions and deserve to end with a question mark:How else should we end them,after all?What if I said to you,Youve got a real problem here?Sometimes a question will actually end with a series of brief questions.Each of the little questions can begin with a lowercase letter and end with a question mark.Did she buy milk?butter?beef?eggs?,If a question mark is part of an italicized or underlined title,make sure that the question mark is also italicized:My favorite book is Where Did He Go?If the question mark is not part of a sentence-ending title,dont italicize the question mark:Did he sing the French national anthem,la Marseillaise?,When a question ends with an abbreviation(缩略词),end the abbreviation with a period and then add the question mark.Didnt he use to live in Washington,D.C.?6.When a question constitutes a polite request,it is usually not followed by a question mark.Will you write me again if I can be of further service.,Note:It is considered bad form to use a question mark in combination with other marks,although that is often done in informal prose in an attempt to convey complex tones:He told you what!?That combination(or similar combination)of punctuation marks is sometimes called an interrobang(疑问感叹号),but the interrobang currently has no role in academic prose(学术文章).,Use an exclamation mark The exclamation mark is used to express shame,astonishment or surprise or to emphasise a comment or short,sharp phrase.Help!Help!Thats unbelievable!Get out!An exclamation mark may be used to close questions that are meant to convey extreme emotion,as inWhat on earth are you doing!Stop!,！exclamation mark,An exclamation mark can be inserted within parentheses（括号）to emphasize a word within a sentence.We have some really(!)low-priced rugs on sale this week.If an exclamation mark is part of an italicized or underlined title,make sure that the exclamation mark is also italicized or underlined:My favorite book is Oh,the Places Youll Go!If the exclamation mark is not part of a sentence-ending title,dont italicize the exclamation mark:Ive asked you not to sing la Marseillaise!,You can also use it to mark a phrase as humourous,ironic（反讽的）or sarcastic（挖苦的）.What a lovely day!(when it obviously is not a lovely day)That was clever!(when someone has done something stupid)6.Dont overuse the exclamation mark.Dont include a series of exclamation marks.Ill never get it right!Note：In academic prose,an exclamation point is used rarely.“What a nice day,”she said.,No!,；Semicolon,Using Semicolons A semicolon is most commonly used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought.When a semicolon is used to join two or more ideas(parts)in a sentence,those ideas are then given equal position or rank.,Link two independent clauses to connect closely related ideas.No one is born with knowledge;knowledge must be taught and learned.I cannot imagine him lying down;I can hardly imagine him sitting down.Link clauses connected by conjunctive adverbs（连接副词）or transitional phrases（过渡短语）to connect closely related ideas.I realize I need exercise;however,Ill lie down first to think about it.Buses are always crowded;hence he prefers to cycle.,Link lists where the items contain commas to avoid confusion between list items.There are basically two ways to write:with a pen or pencil,which is inexpensive and easily accessible;or by computer and printer,which is more expensive but quick and neat.Link lengthy clauses or clauses with commas to avoid confusion between clauses.Some people write with a word processor,typewriter,or a computer;but others,for different reasons,choose to write with a pen or pencil.,Notes:Avoid using a comma when a semicolon is needed:Incorrect:The cow is brown,it is also old.Correct:The cow is brown;it is also old.Incorrect:I like cows,however,I hate the way they smell.Correct:I like cows;however,I hate the way they smell.,Comma splice!（逗号粘连）,No coordinating conjunction！（没有并列连接词）,Incorrect:I like cows:they give us milk,which tastes good,they give us beef,which also tastes good,and they give us leather,which is used for shoes and coats.Correct:I like cows:they give us milk,which tastes good;they give us beef,which also tastes good;and they give us leather,which is used for shoes and coats.,unclear!,Avoid using a semicolon when a comma is needed:Incorrect:The cow is brown;but not old.Correct:The cow is brown,but not old.Incorrect:Because cows smell;they offend me.Correct:Because cows smell,they offend me.,：colon,Use a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself.Think of the colon as a gate,inviting one to go on.,Use the colon after a complete sentence to introduce a list of items when introductory words such as namely,for example,or that is do not appear.*I want the following items:butter,sugar,and flour.*I want an assistant who can do the following:(1)input data,(2)write reports,and(3)complete tax forms.I want an assistant who can(1)input data,(2)write reports,and(3)complete tax forms.,NOTE:With lists,you may use periods after numbers and letters instead of parentheses(括号).These are some of the pool rules:1.Do not run.2.If you see unsafe behavior,report it to the lifeguard.3.Have fun!,A colon is used after the salutation of a formal letter or a business letter.(A comma follows the salutation of a friendly letter or an informal letter.)Dear Ms.Lee:3.If a quoted passage is formal,long,or paragraphed separately,a colon is used to separate the introductory statement from the quotation that follows.John F.Kennedy issued this stirring challenge:Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.,4.A colon is used to separate the title of a book or article from its subtitle.High Risk:Children Without a Conscience 5.The colon is commonly used to introduce speech in a dialogue(such as a script).Teacher:Why did you use a colon here?Student:I thought it looked good.6.用于数字时间的表示，如16:45 或 4:45 p.m.在涉及赛事比分的时候用来区分两队比分 China beat Japan 3:2 in the womens volley ball tournament.演讲稿中放在对主席和听众的称呼之后 Mr.Chairman,ladies and gentlemen:,COMMON MISUSES OF THE COLON,Do not use a colon to separate a preposition from its objects.WRONG She was in charge of:registration,cabin assignments,and clean-up.CORRECT She was in charge of registration,cabin assignments,and clean-up.,2.Do not use a colon to separate a verb from its objects.WRONG I like to play:soccer,racquetball,and ice hockey.CORRECT I like to play soccer,racquetball,and ice hockey.,3.Do not use a colon after such as.WRONG I enjoy playing physically demanding sports such as:soccer,racquetball,and ice hockey.CORRECT I enjoy playing physically demanding sports such as soccer,racquetball,and ice hockey.,Quiz1.I dont expect to be home until after _ call me until after that time.A 6:30,dontB 6:30;dontC 6:30:dont2.I was late for my _ I ran out of gas on my way there.A appointment;becauseB appointment because,C appointment because3.This is what youll need _ a notebook,a box of diskettes,and some paper.A to buy,B to buy:C to buy;,4._ Im not sure I believe that.A ReallyB Really:C Really?5.Hes lived in _.A Los Angeles,California,Portland,Oregon,and Dallas,TexasB Los Angeles,California.Portland,Oregon.and Dallas,TexasC Los Angeles,California;Portland,Oregon;and Dallas,Texas6.This is _ I have no room for it in my house.A too expensive.moreover,B too expensive;moreover,C too expensive,moreover,