英文字母及字母组合发音规律.ppt
常见的字母与字母组合发音规则,元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则,元音字母的发音,（一）元音字母a,1.重读开音节 ei late;make;lake;face2.重读闭音节 bag;fat;cat;（*例外：any一些e;many许多e）3.非重读音节 或i 即：China Canada i village;orange*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的village.,4.在字母w或wh后面，发:what;want;(例外：water水:)5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath;-aph;-af;-asp组合里,重读时均发a:即：dance;France;ask;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;（*例外：mass）fast;past;last;father;path;bath;(*例外：maths)graph after grasp,(二)元音字母e,1.重读开音节 i:me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节 e hen;get;tell;red3.非重读音节 i ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;hundred student open,（三）元音字母i,1.重读开音节 ai hi;China;time;2.重读闭音节 i sit;hit;ill;little;3.非重读音节 i unit;holiday beautiful,(四)元音字母o,1.重读开音节 u no;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节 not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节 purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发 come;some;son;ton;(*例外：Tom)love;glove;above;another mother;brother;*5.两个单词：womanwu-mn女人（单数）;womenwi-min女人（复数）,（五）元音字母u,1.重读开音节 ju:pupil;student;use;cube*在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音，例如：June blue ruler super2.重读闭音节 或u us;bus;mum;sun uput;full;pull3.非重读音节 autumn;August;support,半元音字母y的发音,字母y一般有三种发音:*放在词首的发/j/:yes;yellow*在单音节词中（重读开音节）发/ai/:my;try*在大多数双音节词中（非重读音节）发/i/:study,元音字母组合的拼读规则,（一）元音字母a的字母组合,1.ai或ay在重读音节中 ei rain;train;brain;pain day;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重读音里i或ei Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday,3.al+绝大多数辅音字母:small;wall;call;或:l also;always*al后面是k时，只发:talk;walk；chalk*al+f或m时，al发a:half;calm*-al在词尾非重读（）l medal;metal;(例外canal运河，重音在后l),4.-ance在重读时a:ns chance;dance;France*在非重读时ns importance；performance；ambulance5.-ant非重读nt assistant;important；peasant,6.-ange一般eind change;danger;strange;(*但orange ind例外)7.-age 一般id village;carriage;marriage,8.-ask一般重读时a:sk ask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重读时a:s class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass例外),10.-ast一般重读时a:st last;past;fast;cast*-aste一般eist waste;paste;taste11.-ath一般a:bath;path;(但maths例外)*或a:father;rather;(gather例外),12.-au一般:cause;autumn;August;(*但because)*-augh(t):(t)taught;daughter(*例外：laughl a:f)13.-aw:draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面，a发 was;wash;want;what;(*但water:,15.-ar 重读音时a:party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star*在字母w或音w后面时:war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter*在非重读音时 beggar;dollar;solar,16.-are一般 hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般 chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able 一般eibl able;cable;table;stable,(二)元音字母e的组合,1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：*大多数发/i:/:meat;teacher;read;please*有的发/e/:head,bread;read(过去式);breakfast,peasant*还有的发/ei/:great;break(小学英语中只有这两个单词)*-eai:real;really,2.-eei:feel;week;keep;three;treet;see*但是一个例外：coffeei 3.-eeri deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer,4.-er重读音节:her;term;service;Germany*非重读 worker;paper;western;teacher 特殊读法a:clerk5.-ere i here;mere-ere 或者发 there;where,6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：*-ear i ear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear:early;earth;learn;heard*-ear a:heart*但 tear作为动词时，发,7.-ei ei eight;weigh;weight*-ei ai height*-ei i:receive 8.-ey重读ei they;hey;survey*-ey重读i:key*-ey非重读i monkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重读it pocket;ticket;rocket,9.-ew 一般ju:new;few;knew*-ew 或者发u:grew;threw*-ew还可以发u sew10.-ege id college,11.-est i s t biggest;happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后d lived;studied*-ed在清音后t worked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后id wanted;needed,（三）元音字母i或y的组合,1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发i:，如：thief;field;piece;achieve；*-ie在词尾ai lie;die;tie 2.-ir在重读音节:girl;first;third;circle,3.-ire在重读音节ai fire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重读音节ai(t)high;night;light;bright 5.-ild aild child;wild,6.-ind aind find;kind;mind;wind;(*但windowind)7.-ing i king;wing;sing;doing;making,8.-(a)tion(ei)n nation;pronunciation;information；*-stion tn question*-sion n或n mission使命;precision精密,9.-ye在词尾ai good-bye;bye-bye10.-isti s t 例：list;fist;,(四)元音字母o的组合,1.-oa在重音时u boat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音时:例：blackboard;2.-oi，-oy在重音时i*-oy 例：boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi 例：boy;toy;joy;loyal,3.-oo一般u:too;zoo;room;noon;moon；soon;*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroomu等。*在字母k或有时在t，d之前时u look;book;cook;foot;boot;good；（food 例外）;,4.-or在重音时:for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面:work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均发:)*-or在非重音时 monitor;doctor;professor;forget;,5.-oar一般:board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般:或在美式英语里发 door;floor*-oor 还发u poor,7.-ore在重音时:snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般au shout;loud;round;found*-ou还发 country;trouble*-ou 还发u:wound;wounded,9.-ough(t)发:(t)ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：coughk f)10.-oeu toe;hoe;Joe,11.-oldu l d old;hold;cold;told 12.-ostu s t post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost s t),13.-our在重音时au our;hour;sour;*还发:four;course;pour*还发u tour;gourd*-our 在词尾(非重音)colour;neighbour;favourite,14.-ow在重音时au now;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中u low;yellow;below;follow;grow tomorrow;window;know;show,（五）元音字母u的组合,1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发u 如：full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发u:rule;true;blue;June,2.-ue在词尾ju:argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发u:fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发i 如：build;biscuit；guilty,4.-ur在重音时:turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音时 surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音时(j)u pureju;sureu*-ture发t picture;future;mixture,(II)辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则,辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些特殊,列举如下:,1.b在一般情况下b back；big;lab;brother b和u在一起，u常发i building；build；busy-bt一般t debt;doubt,2.c在字母e,i或y前面时s city;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前k cup;cold;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在词尾时也发k，但后面有e，还发s music k grace s;,-ckk duck;luck;black;cock；ticket;pocket-ci有时发 social*-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前k occasion;according;occupy;*在元音字母e和i之前ks accent;success,-ch 有三种音t k或 如下：*t China;rich;chick;chalk*k school;chemistry;ache;technology*machine;parachute;moustache-tcht catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher,3.d在一般情况下d did;made;desk;duck;doubt;-ds发dz birds;hands dr在元音字母前dr dry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般d bridge;fridge;judge;4.f在一般情况下f five;flag;life;leaf,5.g在字母e,i或y前面d large;general;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发g在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前g game;goat;guard;ghost;glass 在词尾也发g big;egg;fig;flag,-gnn，即g不发音 foreign;sign;-gh发f或-(即不发音)-high;light;thought;brought f laugh;cough-dge发d bridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess;guest;guard;guide 而-gue在词尾发g league;colleague,6.*h在一般情况下h help;behave;hello;hit;hurry*h在字母r或x后面不发音 exhibition7.j在一般情况下d joy;judge;journey;January;just,8.*k在一般情况下k king;milk;kick;kiss;lock;*k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发n knee;know;knowledge;knife climb;comb;tomb;,字母l只有两种发音:放在词首的发清晰的/l/;放在词末或le则发模糊/l/。9.*l在元音字母前发l(*即“勒”音，供参考)light；look;let;lab;live*l在辅音字母或词尾时发l(*即“欧”音，供参考)cold；sell;chalk,10.m在一般情况下m meat;mother;come;make;Tom m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发m,11.*n在一般情况下n now;next;ton;nest*n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发m autumn;column 但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的 autumnal;columnist,-ng常发或g*发 sing;king;English;young*发 g finger；younger;language-nk常发k ink;thank,12.p在一般情况下p map;cap;people;pest*-phf photo;phantom;physics 13.*que在一般情况下k cheque*qu一般发k w quarter;quick;quiet;quite;queen,14.*r在元音字母前才发音r(即音同“日”供参考)room；read;rest;around*r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音 car;star;jar*rh在元音字母前只发r rhyme;rhino;rhetoric,15.*s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发s 如：see;some;sister;works;yes;this newspaper;注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发s音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：school-音标s k u:l，念成s g u:l street-音标s tr i:t,念成s dr i:t student-s t j u:d n t,念成s d j u:d n t space-音标s p ei s,而习惯念成s b ei s,*s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发z 如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe 词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发z 如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys词尾的s在长元音之后，发z hers;yourss还可以发 sure;Russia,-sh一般发 sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish-sch一般发s k school;scheme(计划)-sion一般发 n tension;succession*在元音字母后 n decision;conclusion-sure在元音字母后 measure;pleasure,16.t在一般情况下t cat;tooth；teach;let;ten;table;-th一般发或 小学阶段，发/音的大多与数字有关:thirteen,third,ninth,tenth 再加上mouth,tooth;thin;think,thank等词;发/音的大多与代词有关:that;this;these;those-tr tr try;trust;trip;tree;street-tion n information;pronunciation;(*一个例外：question t n)-ture t picture;mixture;future,17.v在一般情况下v live;very;vase;valley;village,18.w在元音字母之前w wear;window;week;wisdomwrr write;wrong;wrist;whh who;whom;whose;whw what;which;when;where;why aw:draw;saw;law;ewj u:few;knew;new owu low;slow;know;below owau now;cow;crown,19.x在一般情况下ks box;fox;next;text位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发gz exam;exist;,20.y在元音字母之前j you;youth;yes;young21.z在一般情况下z zoo;zebra;zero;zipper,
