肾脏的局部解剖(英).ppt

Kidneys and Adrenal Glands,Department of Regional Anatomy and Operative Surgery,Position,relationStructure Blood supply Lymphatic drainageInnervations,Position,RetroperitonealUpper poles T12 vertebra Lower poles L3 vertebraRight is lower than left,Cadaveric kidneys,Surface Projection of kidney,Renal Angle,Tenderness or percussing pain caused by kidney disease is localized here,Neighbor of Kidney,Anterior Surface of the kidney,Posterior Surface,Costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleural cavity,Renal hilum,Renal sinus and Renal pedicle,Renal hilum,Renal sinus,Renal pedicle,cortex,Renal column,Renal pyramid,calyx,papilla,renal vein renal artery renal pelvis From above downwards the renal artery renal vein renal pelvis,From anterior to posterior,Hydronephrosis,renal artery,T11,Renal artery,Vascular renal segment,Superior(apical),Anterior superior(upper),Anterior inferior(middle),Inferior(lower),posterior,variation of renal artery,!,Variation of Renal Artery,Renal veins,Aorta-renal artery-segmental artery-lobar artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-interlobulor artery-afferent arteriole-glomerulus(capillaries)-efferent arteriole-peritubular capillaries and vasa recta-interlobular vein-arcuate vein-interlobar vein-renal vein-interior vena cava,Renal Capsule,Renal fascia Adipose capsule Fibrous capsule,Renal fascia,Fibrous capsule,Adipose capsule,Perirenal fat,Pararenal fat,Fibrous Capsule,Ureter,Ureter is divided into 3 parts:abdominal partpelvis partintramural part,28 to 34 cm 3 narrowing sitesthe pelviureteric junctioncrossing the pelvic brimtraversing the bladder wall,Horseshoe kidney,Suprarenal Gland,Endocrine glandT11 levelRight is triangularLeft is semi-lunar,Relation,Artery of Adrenal Gland,Veins of adrenal gland,Left suprarenal vein,into the left renal vein Right suprarenal vein,into the inferior vena cava,incision,Anterior transperitoneal approach,Posterior retroperitoneal approach,A 55-year-old woman was found rolling on her kitchen floor,crying out from agonizing pain in her abdomen.The pain came in waves and extended from the right loin to the groin and to the front of the right thigh.An anteroposterior radiograph of the abdomen revealed a calculus in the right ureter.,Case A,What causes the pain when a ureteral calculus is present?Why is the pain felt in such an extensive area?Where does one look for the course of the ureter in a radiograph?Where along the ureter is a calculus likely to be held up?,Question,An explorer in the Amazon jungle was found alive after having lost contact with the outside world for six months.On physical examination,he was found to be in an emaciated condition.On palpation of the abdomen,a rounded,smooth swelling appeared in the right loin at the end of inspiration.On expiration,the swelling moved upward and could no longer be felt.What anatomical structure could produce such a swelling?,Case B,An intravenous pyelogram revealed that a patients left kidney was in its normal position,but the right kidney was situated in front of the right sacroiliac joint.Can you explain this on embryological grounds?,Case C,An examination of a patient revealed that she had a horseshoe kidney.What anatomical structure prevents a horseshoe kidney from ascending to a level above the umbilicus?,Case D,An intravenous pyelogram revealed that the calyces and pelvis of a patients right kidney were grossly dilated(a condition known as hydronephrosis).What embryological anomaly may be responsible for this condition?,Case E,Which congenital anomaly of the ureter is likely to present as a case of urinary incontinence?,Case F,operation procedure of kidney transplant,nephrectomy,For a nephrectomy,the kidney commonly is exposed in the loin.After an oblique incision midway between the twelfth rib and the iliac crest,the posterior free border of the external oblique is identified,and divided to reveal the peritoneum,which is pushed forward to reveal the renal fascia.The subcostal nerve and vessels are preserved;the renal fascia is opened;and the kidney exposed.Care must be taken not to damage the pleura,since it is separated from the upper pole of the kidney only by the diaphragm.,