Unit1Friendship.ppt

Unit 1 Friendship,Substitute Teacher 林鉴,13860671063 linjian_,Teaching Plan:60 periods,Integrated course（精读36节）Unit 1,2,45,6,7,Listening course(听力16节）Unit 18,Review（4节）2 lectures,Oral Test(4节）19th week,A,B,C,D,Listening comprehension;Vocabulary;Reading comprehension:reading in depthWriting;,In this term well focus on:,Evaluation:Class participation 30%Oral test 10%Final Exam 60%,and how do I scorereally serious grades?,How to score the regular grades?,1.平时作业：30分2.小测：30分词汇测试5次+阅读测试2次+听力测试2次+作文测试1次3.课堂提问：20分4.英语活动：20分,Pre-reading Activities（1-2）Intensive Reading（3-4）After Reading（5-6）,Contents,Unit 1 Friendship Pre-reading activities,Part Warming-up ActivitiesWatch video-HOW I MET YOUR MOTHERS Discuss questions Read a story about Bo Ya and Zhong ZiqiPart Background informationAbout famous figures Aristotle,Plato and CiceroPart Homework,Discuss questionsWhat are your opinions on friendship?What do you usually do with your friends when you are together?,Part Warming-up ActivitiesWatch video-HOW I MET YOUR MOTHERS,Warming-up Activities,2.Read a story about Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi Bo Ya was a good zither-player,and Zhong Ziqi had a good ear for music.When Bo strummed his zither,with his mind on mounting a lofty mountain,Zhong commented,“How delightful!It sounds as grand as Mount Taishan.”When Bo meditated on flowing waters,Zhong said,“How delightful!It sounds as vast as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.”When Zhong died,Bo smashed his zither and never played it again.The phrase“high mountains and flowing rivers”is now a figurative expression for_.高山流水遇知音伯牙善鼓琴，钟子期善听。伯牙鼓琴，志在高山，钟子期曰：“善哉，峨峨兮若泰山！”志在流水，钟子期曰：“善哉，洋洋兮若江河！”,bosom friends,知音,Listen to the music-伯牙绝弦,知人知面 知己知彼 又知心 古人说 这就是所谓知音相知相惜 相亲相爱 也相忆 朋友你 会不会常把我想起何年何月 何日何时 再相聚 何时能 把酒言欢畅回忆很多很多 很深很深 的回忆 很多歌 我只想要为你唱起春秋时期 远近知名伯牙琴艺 沉鱼也出水 马儿仰秣聆听聆听 寂寞 的声音 举世知名 不如 一个知音直到子期 闻琴解开伯牙心境 高山流水 风景似有灵悉高山青 流水静 如镜 无言却胜过有言的天地,听 宫 商 角 徵 羽 那歌词未写上的是那份 弦外的延长音斟一杯酒 一抱拳 一句关心 在千年之后 再延续 不变的旋律当 春 雪 融 夏 景 秋风为我捎封信冬 冬锣隆冬墙 冬 冬锣隆隆冬墙墙 又是思念的四季某年某月 某天伯牙再访子期 风景依旧绿 子期却已归西触景 触琴 即伤情 伯牙绝弦 只因再无知音千年过去 当我再度拨弄琴韵 更多冷箭 更多冷言冷语请你听 请轻轻 倾听 唱给我永远不离弃的知音,A brief remark on friendship:,Friendship is the relationship between persons who can help each other in need and who have much in common.Friendship can make people happy and successful.Moreover,friendship has influence on our personalities.If everybody has friends and knows how to keep friendship,personalities of people will be enhanced and society will be in harmony.So friendship can do good not only for individuals but also for society,and a society that is full of friendship will be full of love and hope.,Before Reading_4.11,Aristotle(384322BC):Greekphilosopher and scientist.Aristotle is one of the“big three”in ancient Greek philosophy,along with and Socrates.(Socrates taught Plato,who in turn instructed Aristotle.)Aristotle spent nearly 20 years at Platos Academy,first as a student and then as a teacher.After Platos death he traveled widely and educated a famous pupil,Alexander the Great,the Macedonian who nearly conquered the world.Later Aristotle began his own school in Athens,known as the Lyceum.Aristotle is known for his carefully detailed observations about nature and the physical world,which laid the groundwork for the modern study of biology.Among his works are the texts Physics,Metaphysics,Rhetoric and Ethics.In addition,Aristotle invented the field known as formal logic,pioneered zoology,and addressed virtually every major philosophical problem known during his time.Known to medieval intellectuals as simply“the Philosopher,”Aristotle is possibly the greatest thinker in Western history and,historically,perhaps the single greatest influence on Western intellectual development.,Plato,Part Background information A Brief Introduction to Aristotle,Chinese Introduction of Aristotle,(希腊语:Aristotls)英译Aristotle(公元前384-公元前322)亚里士多德师承柏拉图，主张教育是国家的职能，学校应由国家管理。他首先提出儿童身心发展阶段的思想；赞成雅典健美体格、和谐发展的教育，主张把天然素质，养成习惯、发展理性看作道德教育的三个源泉，但他反对女子教育，主张“文雅”教育，使教育服务于闲暇。亚里士多德一生勤奋治学，从事的学术研究涉及到逻辑学、修辞学、物理学、生物学、教育学、心理学、政治学、经济学、美学等，写下了大量的著作，他的著作是古代的百科全书，据说有四百到一千部，主要有工具论、形而上学、物理学、伦理学、政治学、诗学等。他的思想对人类产生了深远的影响。他创立了形式逻辑学，丰富和发展了哲学的各个分支学科，对科学等作出了巨大的贡献。,Before Reading_4.13,Plato:(428347BC),Greek philosopher,one of the most creative and influential thinkers in Western philosophy.,Plato,one of the most famous philosophers of ancient Greece,was the first to use the term philosophy,which means“love of knowledge.”Born around 428 BC,Plato investigated a wide range of topics.Chief among his ideas was the theory of forms,which proposed that objects in the physical world merely resemble perfect forms in the ideal world,and that only these perfect forms can be the object of true knowledge.The goal of a philosopher,according to Plato,is to know the perfect forms and to instruct others in that knowledge.,Aristotle,Chinese Introduction of Plato,柏拉图（Plato，约前427年前347年），古希腊伟大的哲学家，也是全部西方哲学乃至整个西方文化最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一，他和老师苏格拉底，学生亚里士多德并称为古希腊三大哲学家。柏拉图主义、柏拉图式爱情、经济学图表等均为其代表。,柏拉图是西方客观唯心主义的创始人，其哲学体系博大精深，对其教学思想影响尤甚。柏拉图认为世界由“理念世界”和“现象世界”所组成。理念的世界是真实的存在，永恒不变，而人类感官所接触到的这个现实的世界，只不过是理念世界的微弱的影子，它由现象所组成，而每种现象是因时空等因素而表现出暂时变动等特征。由此出发，柏拉图提出了一种理念论和回忆说的认识论，并将它作为其教学理论的哲学基础。,Before Reading_4.21,Cicero,Cicero(Marcus Tullius):(10643BC)Roman writer,statesman,and orator.Cicero was the greatest speaker among the many famous statesmen of ancient Rome.He practiced law and studied philosophy in Greece before holding a rising sequence of important jobs in the Roman Empire.In 64 BC he became Consul,the highest office in Rome.As Consul he won fame for his orations against Cataline,the head of a secret conspiracy to seize the government.Always a staunch,A Brief Introduction to Cicero,supporter of the Republic,Cicero was eventually forced from office by his enemies,and when Julius Caesar consolidated his power in 48 BC,Cicero went into political retirement.During this time he wrote his famous essays on happiness,on old age,and on friendship.,Chinese Introduction of Cicero,马库斯图留斯西塞罗（Marcus Tullius Cicero），公元前106年1月3日前43年12月7日。古罗马著名政治家、演说家、雄辩家、法学家和哲学家。出身于古罗马Arpinum的奴隶主骑士家庭，以善于雄辩而成为罗马政治舞台的显要人物。从事过律师工作，后进入政界。开始时期倾向平民派，以后成为贵族派。公元前63年当选为执政官，在后三头政治联盟成立后被三头之一的政敌马克安东尼（Marcus Antonius，公元前82年前30年）派人杀害于Formia。,Homework of the first two periods,1.Study the words and expressions in Text A&Text B,and finish the exercise in P20-22,2.Read Text A,answer the questions in P9 and analyze the text structure.3.Research work:,Research Work:,Each class need to be divided into 5 groups(6 students in each group).Ever group need to make presentation about 3-5 minutes every unit.Topic:Friendship Each group can show us an English story,an English song,an introduction of a movie or drama or even an interesting shot video or some pictures,role play and so on.(If the media isnt in English itself,please add some English introduction on the presentation.)Every group need to hand in a PPT or a presentation report.,Quotes New Words Study Part Division Introduction of Authors Detail Reading Homework,Structure of Intensive Reading(3、4),Quotes,True friendship is a plant of slow growth.-George WashingtonBe slow in choosing a friend;slower in changing.-Benjamin FranklinA man should keep his friendships in constant repair.-Samuel JohnsonTrue friendship is like sound health;the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.-Charles Caleb Colton,真正的友谊像生长缓慢的树。选择朋友要慎重，改换朋友更要慎重。只有经常“浇灌”，方能保持友谊地久天长。真正的友情就像健康，只有在失去时才知道它的价值。,Words Study-Word formation,1.describe:de=down scribe,script=write 2.utility:uti=use 3.impermanent:im=not per=through man=remain ent=adj.4.pursue:pur=forth sue=follow5.liberality:liber=free,Words Study,6.conviction:con=thoroughly vict=conquer7.superiority:super=above8.preserve:pre=beforehand serve=mitment:com=together mit=send,Global Reading_1,Parts,Para(s).,Main Ideas,1,2,1,25,Its necessary to review some classical views of friendship in order to acquire a better understanding of it.,According to Aristotle,there are three kinds of friendship,which are respectively based on utility,pleasure and goodness.Friendship based on goodness is perfect and totally different from friendship based on utility or pleasure.,3,6,According to Cicero,true friendship is only possible between good men and it is virtue that creates and preserves true friendship.,4,7,Friendship is permanent between virtuous people who share a commitment to the good or to what is morally right or worthy of praise.,Part Division of the Text,Mark K.Smith specializes in the field of informal education and community learning.He is the Rank Research Fellow and Tutor at YMCA George Williams College,London and has been a visiting professor in community education,University of Strathclyde,Glasgow.Among his books are Creators not Consumers(1982),Developing Youth Work(1988),Local Education(1994),Informal Education(1996,1999,2005 with Tony Jeffs)and The Art of Helping Others(2008,written with Heather Smith).He is currently working with the Rank Foundation on two new initiatives around community development and the needs of young carers.Mark K.Smith has worked as a careers officer,youth and community worker and project worker.He studied economics and politics at the University of Lancaster,and did his doctorate in the philosophy of education at the University of London.,Before Reading_3,About the Author,1.When we approach the notion of friendship,our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.In one setting,we may describe someone as a friend;in another,the label may seem less appropriate.Therefore,people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means.To help us understand what friendship really means,we need to review some classical views of friendship.2.One classical view of friendship is provided by Aristotle,the famous ancient Greek philosopher.Aristotle distinguishes between what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms:one based on mutual usefulness,the other on pleasure.So,according to Aristotle,we may find three kinds of friendship:,What Is Friendship?Michele E.Doyle&Mark K.Smith,Detailed Reading_t1,Detailed Reading,3.Friendship based on utility.Utility is an impermanent thing:it changes according to circumstances.When the ground for friendship disappears,the friendship also breaks up.Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly,because at their age what they want is,Detailed Reading_t2,Detailed Reading,not pleasure but utility.Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage.Such persons do not spend much time together,because sometimes they do not even like one another,and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful.They take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.,the moment.As they grow up,however,their tastes change too,so that they are quick to make and to break friendships.That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly,changing their attitude often,even within the same day.,Detailed Reading_t3,Detailed Reading,4.Friendship based on pleasure.Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure,because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings,and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of,5.Friendship based on goodness.Perfect friendship is based on goodness.Only the friendship of those who are good,and similar in their goodness,is perfect.The conduct of good men is the same or similar.It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form.Such friendships are rare and they need time and intimacy;,6.Another classical view of friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero,an ancient Roman statesman and orator.According to Cicero,true friendship is only possible between good men.He further defines“the good”as“those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor,purity,equity,and liberality;who are free from greed,lust,and violence;and who have the courage of their convictions.”The friendship between good men,based on virtue,does offer material benefits,but it does not seek them.All human beings are bonded together in a community of shared reason.Therefore,in friendships,for as the saying goes,true friends must go through trials and tribulations together.And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love,and so won his trust.The wish for friendship may develop rapidly,but true friendship does not.,Detailed Reading_t4,Detailed Reading,7.Thus,we may see that the traditional idea of friendship is made up of three components:Friends must enjoy each others company;they must be useful to one another;and they must share a commitment to the good.According to the classical views,virtuous friends are bound together,as they recognize each others moral excellence.,Detailed Reading_t5,Detailed Reading,and relationships,those who possess any superiority must regard themselves as equals of those who are less fortunate.It is virtue that creates and preserves true friendship.,Detailed Reading_t6,Detailed Reading,To perceive a friend,therefore,is to perceive oneself;and to know a friend is to know oneself.Each can be said to provide a mirror in which the other may see himself.Through networks of such virtuous friends,we can develop a shared idea of the good and pursue it together.Friendship of this kind is permanent,because in it are united all the attributes that friends ought to possess.,1.What are“socially acknowledged criteria”?,When we approach the notion of friendship,our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.,Detailed Reading_t1_When,Detailed Reading,“Socially acknowledged criteria”are established standards that are accepted by all the people in the society.,2.Translate this sentence.,我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。,In one setting,we may describe someone as a friend;in another,the label may seem less appropriate.,Detailed Reading_t1_In one setting,What does this sentence imply?,The criteria for friendship vary from setting to setting.,Detailed Reading,They take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.,Detailed Reading_t2_They,1.Do they enjoy being together purely because they like each other?,No,they are together just because they expect to benefit from their relationship.,Detailed Reading,2.Translate this sentence.,只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。,Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure,because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings,and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment.,Detailed Reading_t3_Friendship,1.What do young people care most when making friends?,They care most about their own feelings,their own pleasure and whether there is an important opportunity at the present time.,D