考研英语突破大全.ppt
考研英语综合课程,授课人：杭州新东方 许啸,Company Logo,937869509http:/,Company Logo,课程框架,考研英语基本问题综述翻译课程 翻译基本问题 翻译实战训练完形填空课程 完形填空基本问题 完形填空实战训练,Company Logo,全国考研展望,报考人数录取比例英语逐年难度,Company Logo,考研英语基本问题综述,我考研的故事：1+4+1+3+1 1年时间复习黄金时间：10个月英语复习总体时间安排：3月-5月 疯狂背诵单词+泛读 6月-8月 着手做题（真题）泛做+背单词 9月-10月 研究真题+写作与翻译+背单词 11-12月 背诵真题+模拟+疯狂背单词,Company Logo,平均每天睡眠4小时（后半年）周一：7:30-8:00早读 政治背诵2大题：哲学 A+8:00-10:30 专业课（教育史第二章）A10:30-10:45 小憩（吃零食蛋黄派一个）A+10:45-12:00 政治（3000题第.-第）A-,Company Logo,坚持中午节约半小时复习，吃一个面包面包恐惧症,Company Logo,3个培训班学习（新东方强化班）政治：7、8月 知识点梳理班级1月 押题班新东方：11月 强化班1月 冲刺班,Company Logo,第一名成绩考入浙江大学比较教育专业,Company Logo,1.文章的来源2.如何对待真题3.参考书目,考研英语基本问题综述,Company Logo,1.USA Todayhttp:/2.NY Times3.Newsweekhttp:/4.Guardianhttp:/5.Economisthttp:/,Company Logo,哪里买？怎们用？,Company Logo,哪里买？,实体店：香格里拉，假日书市淘宝当当网,Company Logo,怎们用？,步骤：大头：每周坚持看至少2篇，做全文翻译题材：教育（公平，经费）；经济（美国萎靡）环境（新鲜补救方法）；人文（美国梦）介绍新鲜事物（越新越好）；科学实验（梦境）搞清每一个词义，弄清句法句意 思考文章标题与文章的联系 思考作者基本态度,Company Logo,如何对待真题,Company Logo,如何对待真题？真题是枕下书，指明灯 真题泛做1遍，研究2遍，熟读一遍 泛做要求：掐时间 14:00-17:00 研究要求：孙子兵法 熟读要求：至少背诵十篇,Company Logo,复习阶段如影随形的东东,Company Logo,偶尔伴随你的东东,Company Logo,复习阶段意外收获,Company Logo,Company Logo,参考书目,阅读：历年真题 考研英语阅读真题语言注释与难句突破词汇:新东方 刘一男词汇，赵丽词汇翻译与写作：王江涛我的满分考研写作书考前模拟卷,Company Logo,考研英语综合课程之翻译基础课,Company Logo,考研英语翻译的评分标准,共5个句子，每句2分，共10分 如果句子明显扭曲原文含义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分 如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满3个错别字，扣0.5分。一般一个句子3-4个采分点,Company Logo,近几年考研翻译文章特点与内容,体裁：议论文为主题材：90：人的性格与行为分析；91：能源与农业；92：智力评估的科学性；93：科学研究的方法；94：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系；95：标准化测试与评估；96：科学发展的差别与动力；97：动物的权利,Company Logo,98：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论；99：历史研究的方法论；00：政府调控与工业化发展；01：计算机与未来生活.整体特点：1，文章晦涩难懂2，学科差异性不明显3，高屋建瓴,Company Logo,考研英语翻译的标准,信，达，雅准确：准确传达原文的内容；通顺：中文翻译语言必须明白通常，符合规范；完整：翻译出的一句话应该是一个完整的汉语句子,Company Logo,考研翻译的方法,1，直译为主，意译为辅2，先拆分，后组合,Company Logo,直译为主，意译为辅,It is now thought that the more work we give our brains,the more work they are able to do.直译：现在被认为，我们给脑子工作越多，他们能干的工作就越多。意译：现在人们认为脑子越用月灵活。,Company Logo,He had one foot in the grave.直译：他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了。意译：他已经是风烛残年了。,Company Logo,1，能够直译尽量直译2，在能完全确保理解作者用意时则可以采用意译,Company Logo,先拆分，后组合,拆分的标志？1，找标点符号2，找表示句子逻辑关系的词语3，找who，whose,what,which,where,when 等关系词4，找on，in,with,at,of,to等介词5，找分词进行拆分，分段翻译组合成句,Company Logo,1，找标点符号,翻译中标点符号的作用：，分割一个句子，意群的分割；使句子结构平衡，分号前后连接句子，结构并列 或者语意并列,Company Logo,分号翻译举例,Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people cant take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth,that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups.they指代？,Company Logo,Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead;everyone else is standing still or falling behind.everyone else 的准确翻译？,Company Logo,翻译中标点符号的作用：解释说明，补充说明成分：解释说明，抽象到具体的过程，与，插入语 与 插入语括号，补充说明，列举，解释生词,Company Logo,括号翻译举例,In this view,continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage(input)and forgetting(output).括号Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.括号 解释说明,Company Logo,标点符号翻译重难点解析,插入语的翻译：1，副词做插入语2，形容词短语做插入语3，介词短语与不定时做插入语4，分词短语做插入语5，主谓结构做插入语6，what we call 句型做插入结构,Company Logo,1，副词做插入语,翻译原则：放在句子的开头进行翻译Your proposal,incidentally,has been put to the discussion.顺便说一句，你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。He was luckier,however,because he was only slightly wounded.然而，他更幸运些，因为他只受了点轻伤。,Company Logo,2，形容词短语做插入语,翻译原则：一般翻译为“的是，”放在其修饰的句子前面翻译Computers,most important of all,create wide communication around the world.最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。,Company Logo,3，介词短语做插入语,考研英语翻译中常考的介词短语做插入语：all in all 总而言之as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 结果 at worst 在最坏的情况by the way 顺便说一句first of all 首先for example 例如in conclusion 总之in fact 事实上,Company Logo,in effect 实际上in other words 换句话说in short 简言之to my delight 让我高兴的是to ones amazement 使某人惊讶的是to ones deep regret 使某人深感遗憾的是to ones relief 使某人感到欣慰的是to ones surprise 使某人感到吃惊的是,Company Logo,翻译原则：放在句首翻译 China，in effect，has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respect.事实上，中国已经在许多方面赶超了世界先进水平。,Company Logo,4，不定式短语与分词短语做插入语,考研英语翻译中常考的不定式短语：so to speak 可以这样说，to tell you the truth 老实对你说to be frank 说句实话to begin with 首先to be more exact 更确切地说to sum up 总之，概括地说to put it briefly 简单说来,Company Logo,to put it in another way 换句话说to make a long story short 长话短说to say the least of it 至少可以这样说needless to say 不用说to conclude 总之，最后to be specific 具体说来to be precise 准确地说,Company Logo,翻译原则：放在句首进行翻译It wasnt a very good dinner,to say the least of it.至少可以这样说，这次宴会并不成功。The movie,to be frank,moved me to tears.坦白地说，这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。,Company Logo,考研英语翻译中常见分词插入语：considering 考虑到all things considered 从整体来看allowing for 考虑到judging from 从.来判断putting it another way 换句话说roughly speaking 大体说来taking account of 考虑到speaking of 说道strictly speaking 严格地说,Company Logo,翻译原则：放在句首进行翻译Judging from the handwriting,it should be written by our teacher.从字迹上判断，这应该是我们老师写的。You managed the project very well,considering your inexperience.考虑到你缺乏经验，你对这个项目的处理得已经很好了。,Company Logo,5，主谓结构做插入语,考研英语翻译中常见的主谓结构插入语：I hope 我希望I guess 我认为Im afraid 恐怕I believe 我认为I suppose 我认为I wonder 我想知道it seems 似乎it is said 据说it is suggested 有人认为,Company Logo,I contend 我认为I assume 我认为I argue 我认为,Company Logo,翻译原则：放在句首进行翻译The air is rather refreshing,I suppose.我想，那里的空气应该很宜人。Honesty,I believe,is her virtue.我认为，诚实是她的美德。,Company Logo,6，what we called句型做插入结构,该句型在句子中不充当任何成分，拿走之后句子仍然成立类似的句型还有：what we used to callwhat is calledwhat they described aswhat can be calledwhat they regarded asas we call itas we know it,Company Logo,翻译原则：通常翻译为“所谓的.”可以按照原文顺序直接翻译Most of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort.大部分所谓的天才是由于付出了非凡的努力才获得成功的。,Company Logo,总结,插入语翻译：找到插入语，一般认为，与，之间少于6个 单词的为插入语 翻译首要原则，基本放于句首进行翻译,Company Logo,提升练习,1994年72题“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we called it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”新党派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。,Company Logo,2，找表示句子逻辑关系的词语,逻辑关系的词语=状语从句的翻译1，表时间2，原因与结果3，条件与目的4，让步于转折,Company Logo,1，表时间,时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when 当.的时候whenever 每当.as 当.时since 自从.until 直到.，before 在.前after 在.后as soon as 一.就the moment 一.就immediately 一.就,Company Logo,no sooner.than 一.就hardly(scarcely).when 一.就the instant 一.就,Company Logo,翻译原则：1，放在主句前面进行翻译 2，一就.3，遇到until，till，when可以考 虑译成条件句Ill let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。,Company Logo,We cant start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.如果没有有关当局的批准，我们不能开始这项工作。,Company Logo,2，表示原因与结果,表原因：because，since，as，now that，seeing that，considering that，in that，in view of the fact that 鉴于表结果：as a result,thus,hence,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,as consequence，so that,so.that,such.that,to such a degree,Company Logo,翻译原则：1，先因后果 2，之所以.是因为We had to put the meeting off,since so many people were absent.由于很多人没有来，会议只好延期。,Company Logo,2004年62题：We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.我们之所以感激他们，是因为从此以后，这些语言中的一部分消失了，因为讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了，要么被同化了，因而丧失了自己的语言。,Company Logo,表结果翻译原则：可译为如此.以至于The difference is such that all will perceive it.差别如此之大，以至于所有人都看得出来。,Company Logo,3，条件与目的,考研英语中表示条件的连接词常有：if 如果unless 除非，如果不providing that 假如so long as 只要on condition that 条件是suppose that 假如in case 如果only if 只有.才if only 但愿，要是.就好了,Company Logo,翻译原则：放在主句前进行翻译No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫无疑问，如果我真有那样打算的话，我本来是可以赚到一点的。,Company Logo,考研英语翻译中常见的表示目的：so that 为了，以便lest 以防in case 以防，以免for fear that 以防in order that 为了,Company Logo,翻译原则：1，一般放在主句前面 2，放在主句后面表示“免得，以免”He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。,Company Logo,He emphasized it again and again,lest she should forget.他反复强调这一点，免得她忘了。They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.他们躲在树丛后面，以防被敌人发现。,Company Logo,4，让与与转折,考研英语翻译中常见表让步：though 虽然although 虽然even if 即使while 尽管whatever 无论什么，wherever无论哪里，whoever无论谁，however 无论怎样for all that 尽管granted that 即使in spite of 尽管despite 不管,Company Logo,翻译原则：翻译在主句之前Granted that you dont like the proposal,you shouldnt have rejected it without consulting others.即使你不喜欢这个建议，你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。,Company Logo,提升练习,1998年75题：Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。,Company Logo,1998年74题：If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。,Company Logo,1997年71题：Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。,Thank You!,
