研究生英语综合教程(下)unit.ppt

,Unit 1,Living A Full Life,Unit 1Living a Full Life,Content,Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project,Task 1Discuss with members of your group what is/are the most important element(s)for living a full life.You may choose one or more from the following list or provide your own answer.Then give reasons why you have made such a choice.a good appearance close friends a happy mindset a good neighborhood perfect health an absorbing hobby a good job lottery winnings a happy family,Starting outTask 1,Task 2 Your best friend has recently been in low spirits ever since she was diagnosed with COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)(慢性阻塞性肺病).She stays in bed most of the time and misses a lot of classes.She has nothing to do,and moreover wants to do nothing.How would you encourage her to cope with the disease with a positive attitude?,Starting outTask 2,Here are some suggestions from experts that will enable you to retain(or take back)much of your independence and improve your quality of life.Dont isolate yourself.reach out to others Stay as physically active as you can Manage your breathing Stick with your treatment plan,Starting outTask 2,Task 3Read the letter from John Doe and,with your partner,discuss how you could help him.Dear Abby,I feel like I almost cant breathe now.I work a ridiculous amount of hours and I dont have time to relax.My parents live 1,400 miles away and I am here all by myself.I have no time to make friends.Sometimes I feel I dont even have a life.What should I do?Kind regards,John,Starting outTask 3,Dear John,I used to live a life just like yours.I can see myself in you when I finished my college and started my first job.I found a job as junior reporter for Chicago Daily so I moved from Houston to Chicago.I was working 18 hours a day in a place where I knew few people.My health finally broke down from too much work and poor diet.I stayed in hospital for two weeks.My parents came to Chicago and took care of me.After I was out of hospital,I quitted my job and moved back to Houston,where I found a job in a local newspaper.I visited my parents often and I had time to hang around with my friends whom I had known for years as well as those I newly made.I felt happy finally.,Starting outTask 3,Starting outTask 3,So my suggestion is to take some time off your work and go back to visit your parents and friends.Consider changing a job which requires fewer hours so that you may have time to make friends.You may also try to take classes on a subject you are interested in or pursue a hobby.You are sure to find life worth living.Yours,Abby,Starting out,Listen to the passage“Bored to Death”and fill out the blanks.Weve all been bored from time to time.sometimes,when were really at loose ends（无所适从）,we might even say were“bored to death”or“_!”We dont really mean it,of course.But according to one study,it may be true.That is,it _ to be bored to death.Researchers in England looked at surveys done in the mid 1980sseveral thousand questionnaires filled out by _ about their jobs.,so bored I could die,seems possible literally,London civil servants,The researchers found that those whod said that in the previous month they were bored at work were _ as other workers to die of a heart problem over the follow-up period.Workers who _ in their jobs were less likely to die prematurely（过早地）.Now,this doesnt mean that feeling bored _ will kill you.Were talking about chronic boredom,as in being bored all the time.,more than twice as likely,claimed to be interested,every once in a while,Starting out,And its not necessarily boredom itself thats deadly.Most probably,according to the study,its the fact that being bored often leads to _ such smoking,overeating,drinking,and abusing drugs.Other studies have linked _a disease known often to lead to poor health.Does this mean that being engaged and interestedin other words,the opposite of bored_?Maybe.If not being bored means being physically active and adopting good dietary and exercise habits,then it certainly cant hurt.,unhealthy habits,boredom and depression,leads to better health,Starting out,The Hidden Side of Happiness,Reading Focus,Reading Focus,Watch a clip from The Pursuit of Happyness in which Christophers wife just left him.Discuss with your partner how people should pursue happiness.,Background Information,Click on the picture,Reading Focus Global Understanding,(Paras.1-3),(Paras.4-17),(Para.18),Introduction,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Main idea:Many people find that enduring a harrowing ordeal _.There seems to be a built-in human capacity to _.What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger.,ultimately changes them for the better,flourish under the most difficult circumstances,Body,Main idea:People who have suffered the most,who have beenforced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and torethink the meaning of their lives,_.,may have the most to,tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling,journey that philosophers used to call the search,Reading Focus Global Understanding,for“the good life”,Argument 1:Happiness is only one among many values in human life.Sometimes only _ can foster such qualities as _ because _.Example:31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr.“I felt I hadbeen shown the secret of life and why were here:to be happyand to nurture other life.Its that simple.”,the trials of adversity,creativity,compassion,wisdom,altruism,insight,Reading Focus Global Understanding,sometimes only,drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change,Body,Argument 2:For many people who have endured extreme eventslike combat,violent crime or sudden serious illnessperhapseven the majoritylife _.,ultimately becomes richer and,Reading Focus Global Understanding,more gratifying,Body,Argument 3:Actually implementing these changes,as well asfully coming to terms with a new reality,_ _.And eventually,people may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined.Example:_.Although parenting can bring sleep deprivation and thenecessity of putting aside personal pleasure,ultimately,theemotional rewards can compensate for the pain and difficultiesof adversity.,usually takes,One of lifes biggest challenges:parenting,conscious,effort,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Body,Conclusion,Main idea:_.,Its possible to live an extraordinary rewarding life,even within the constraints and struggles we face,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Task 2,Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text(P11),Key:2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,B,C,A,A,D,A,C,D,B,D,Reading Focus Detailed Information,Critical Thinking,Reading Focus,Work together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text youve just read.,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,1.The writer claims in the first paragraph that,“many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.”In which sense does she mean by saying“to change for the better”,physically or mentally?2.In the second paragraph,the writer believes in“a built-in capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.”Do you agree with her?Provide examples to elaborate your opinion.3.Do you agree with the statement“What doesnt kill you actually makes you stronger”?Why or why not?,Discuss in groups the following questions.1.Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person?Or do you know someone who has experienced this?2.Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have been struck by diseases or who have been forced to go through extreme difficulties in life,some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges,like extreme sports,to push themselves to limits.Why do these people do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,1.Hurricanes,house fires,cancer,whitewater rafting accidents,plane crashes,vicious attacks in dark alleyways.(para.1),Reading Focus Language Point,hurricane:a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water 飓风 e.g.A drenching rain poured down and the rising hurricane drove it in sheets along the ground.similar terms:typhoon/monsoon季风/trade wind 信风,vicious:violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically恶毒的 e.g.a vicious murder a vicious killer2)very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someones feelings or make their character seem bad,有恶意的 e.g.She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.similar words:malicious,evil,violent,savage残暴成性的,cruel,ferocious残忍的,fierce凶猛的,Reading Focus Language Point,2.There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.(para.2),Reading Focus Language Point,flourish:develop well and be successful e.g.The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.thrive:e.g.Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.,3.This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide:(Para.3)fledgling:a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g.Nursed the fledgling business through an economic downturn.,Reading Focus Language Point,4.Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.(para.4),Reading Focus Language Point,paradoxes:a person,thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g.He was a paradox-a loner独来独往的任 who loved to chat to strangers.The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.,5.But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical,(papa.11),Reading Focus Language Point,transform:to completely change the appearance,form,or character of something or someone,especially in a way that improves ite.g.The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar超级巨星.After three weeks we noticed a total transformation in his behavior.,6.In that moment,our sense of invulnerability is pierced,and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away.(para.12),Reading Focus Language Point,翻译：在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。,Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-,Task 1Read the words and their explanations in the box.Choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning.Change the form if necessary.(P14),provinces b.,woke a.,haunt b.,trouble a.,weathers d.,wake b.,coined c.,trouble b.,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,Key 9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-,weather c.,province c.,coin a.,value a.,haunts a.,has promised a.,trouble c.,coin b.,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,promise d.,values c.,refrain b.,valued e.,Task 2,The _ atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2.Technological advances might _ lead to even more job losses.,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate phrase from the box.Change the form if necessary.(P15),tranquil,ultimately,adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,3.In the _ of the shootings,there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4.Her kindness and generosity _ her occasional flashes of temper.5.He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _.6.Foreign food aid has led to a _ reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.,aftermath,cancel out,ordeal,drastic,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately,7.Perhaps her most important _ was her program of educational reform.8.There were food shortages and other _ during the Civil War.9.The new economic policies could prove _ for the party.10.The building will be completed around six months earlier than _.,legacy,deprivations,suicidal,anticipated,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately,11.The experience was enough to keep him _ for some time.12.The road to happiness is paved with _.13.She _ to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14.He might be influenced by _ for the surroundings of his happy youth.15.In _,I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.,preoccupied,adversities,aspires,nostalgia,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately,retrospect,Task 3,Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.Try to use the expressions you have learned from the text.(p.17),1.Watching your baby being born is _(极其令人兴奋的经历).2.There is _(内置储藏空间)in all bedrooms.3.This handout focuses on _(自我保护措施)under difficult climatic conditions.,a mind-blowing experience,built-in storage space,self-protection measures,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,4.Im sure we could offer you some _(短期的工作).5.So,how is it that we all,or at least many of us,have such a _(歪曲的、否定的自我观念)?6.Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing _(改变了生活的事件)in Then She Found Me.7.She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in_(无所不包的细节).8.Having a decent job contributes to _(一个好的自我形象).,short-term employment,distorted and negative self-perception,life-changing events,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,all-encompassing details,a good self-image,Practical Translation,语篇（discourse）是在交际功能上相对完整和独立的一个语言片断。为了进行有效的交际活动，语篇应衔接（cohesion）得当，连贯性（coherence）好。衔接手段（cohesive device）是一种谋篇手段，是生成语篇的重要条件之一，也是译者在翻译过程中首先要考虑的问题，因为它直接关系到译文的质量。衔接自然的译文读起来通顺、流畅、连贯；缺乏衔接或衔接不当的译文晦涩难懂，影响阅读，也影响交际功能的实现。,语篇层次的翻译衔接,从语篇层面上说，英汉两种语言在形合（hypotaxis）和意合（parataxis）方面的差异。由于英汉两种语言逻辑思维的不同，英语重“形合”，句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用显性的语言手段来实现，主要是通过各种语法手段和词汇手段，以表示其结构和逻辑关系。因此，英语中长句多。汉语重“意合”，句中各成分之间或句子之间的结合少用甚至不用形式衔接手段，主要靠句子内部的隐性逻辑联系，注重逻辑事理的顺序以及意义和主旨上的衔接和连贯。因此，汉语中短句多，短句间的逻辑关系靠意义来表达，语法处于次要地位。在翻译过程中，要牢记英汉两种语言在形合和意合 上的差别，注意形合和意合之间的转换 和调整。,I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven,but which had reeked up from the decayed trees,and the grey wall,and the silent tarna pestilent and mystic vapor,dull,sluggish,faintly discernible,and leaden-hued.(Edgar Allan Poe:“The Fall of the House of Usher”)译文：我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我实实在在地认为那宅院及其周围悬浮着一种它们所特有的空气。那种空气并非生发于天地自然，而是生发于那些枯树残枝、灰墙暗壁，生发于那一汪死气沉沉的湖水。那是一种神秘而致命的雾霭，阴晦，凝滞，朦胧，沉浊如铅。（曹明伦译）,解析：这个例句选自美国作家爱伦 坡的小说名篇厄舍府之倒塌。整段话其实只有一个完整的句子，共70 个字，它不仅通过多个消极、晦涩、阴暗的形容词，如：decayed,grey,silent,pestilent,mystic,dull,sluggish,leaden-hued 来营造一种凄凉、萧瑟的自然氛围和压抑、沉闷的心理气氛，而且通过一个典型“形合”的长句来烘托这种乏味、阴晦的自然氛围和心理气氛。这个“形合”长句主要采用各种语法手段（如并列句、状语从句、同位语从句、定语从句）以及词汇手段（如词汇atmosphere 的重复）等来表示其结构关系，并进行有机的衔接。在翻译过程中