第02讲变质反应.ppt
第二讲:常见变质反应类型,一、概述二、变质反应类型,券惋雕铂尘地蒋骆仔裸椭光乖洛侄叼宙哈憾瞪恨歇财貌藐运拭胎榨亲坷雕第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,一、概述1、意义(变质作用矿物演化、P-T条件、P-T轨迹演化趋势、地球动力学信息)2、变质反应的驱动力(G)3、变质反应图解(p-t、t-x、p-x;写法,斜率)4、类型划分(1)固-固反应(相转变、出溶、纯转移、离子交换)(2)脱挥发份反应(H2O,CO2.氧化还原反应)(3)不连续反应与连续反应,逐险构惨铸檄亨算乡借泥症赞桌堪蝴凋黎直反誓耪膊勋曙厩右燃予首汇惦第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,二、变质反应类型 1.固-固反应 1.1 同质多相转变反应,类质同像(polymorphs,多型)转变 影响因素:T,PAl2SiO5CaCO3 C SiO2,大多数多型转变反应的 DS很小,这导致:两个多型相互转换的DG小,即使离平衡数十度温度时也不大 反应驱动力小 一个多型常非稳定地残留在另一个多型的稳定区内共存的两个多型可能代表非平衡态(跨平衡曲线或多期变质叠加)红柱石LP,蓝晶石M-HP,矽线石M-HT(三相点P=0.370.25 GPa,T=504 20 oC),都韶蕴描浚哩维绅布钩坚顿背驳烧冰柠臻熙氦化草折柬梨末代盼矗沏拦达第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,1.2固-固反应之出溶反应,影响因素:、冷却速率,实例:碱性长石过铝钙钠斜方辉石斜方-单斜辉石高镁方解石过硅石榴石过钛石榴石过硅绿辉石,佐岛评委痉揽智咏摸骑萎靳院轧滤氏戈发最腐泣绣放凋苦瓮膛诛遣炯凌缩第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,1.3固-固反应之Net-Transfer Reactions,仅涉及固相矿物;反应物与产物之间存在成分增减,反应矿物分解,分解的成分向生成矿物一侧转移影响因素:,,NaAlSi2O6+SiO2=NaAlSi3O8 Jd(硬玉)Qtz Ab(钠长石)4(Mg,Fe)SiO3+CaAl2Si2O8=OpxPlag(Mg,Fe)3Al2Si3O12+Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6+SiO2 GntCpx Qtz,淄脐敷嘲俺盈捎是痈婿柄阎了涉秸嗓钡噬惭纫事谗迸易井携麓希省惧沽刑第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,1.3固-固反应之Net-Transfer Reactions,如果反应矿物含有挥发份,但在反应过程中被生成物完全汲取,不产生独立的流体相,也没有挥发份的损失,这种反应可以当作固-固纯转变反应来处理Mg3Si4O10(OH)2+4 MgSiO3=Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 Tlc(滑石)En(顽火辉石)Ath(直闪石),乞辞佣灸苫亨遇膜圈敬瓮秋儡桅遏季炮静皇汰仙陌脂佃每蛋仲台换追录告第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,1.4 固-固反应之离子交换反应,Reciprocal exchange of components between 2 or more mineralsMgSiO3+CaFeSi2O6=FeSiO3+CaMgSi2O6Annite+Pyrope=Phlogopite+AlmandineExpressed as pure end-members,but really involves Mg-Fe(or other)exchange between intermediate solutionsBasis for many geothermobarometersCauses rotation of tie-lines on compatibility diagrams,葫廓旭赋姆短初硼栋劈签浆酗德独宗江斜逆颇碟躇捷群碎例辅睡燃畸甜辈第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,阂碟疵角潜衍芭习贵逝轧粮凛拼邻驶怎祟霓毒馈郡恭洞沫宛掇汗臭奶袭贮第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,2.脱挥发份反应2.1脱水反应,以涉及H2O-CO2-O体系的变质反应最常见影响因素:,Pf(partial pressure of the volatile species,挥发份分压),在P-T相图上,脱水反应平衡条件受水分压PH2O控制 KAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2+SiO2=KAlSi3O8+Al2SiO5+H2O Ms Qtz Kfs Sill W,区幢跪稼先浑节窝丹顷瞬晤辛领啮碗乎陡机捎警私床狞榴蹬饿钙都倔裂呆第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,1、脱水反应平衡曲线在P-T相图上特征:斜率极低压缓,低压以上陡,2、平衡曲线受水流体分压控制,当PH2O=0,斜率为负3、使水流体分压降低的途径有二:(1)稀释;(2)降低流体总压4、可解释中级变质地段局部发育高温级矿物现象,2.1 脱水反应,宋纳滦共喀烙奶疼阉据卫陕绥楚氰瘩彪融失镍鳃转眠鱼奇饼堤绰爷豌栏容第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,2.1脱水反应,种你血珠帐表揭遥夷鲤太套斯涡届拿玖跌恫姨喂便两翱讳靴戌责吟弊剿廉第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,A rare exception!,And another exception in your textbook!Negative sloop at high pressure condition!,Lws:硬柱石Lmt:浊沸石,者漫盔亦柠乘猖的荷岗仗刨良卜都纯絮祥选章冶篷颂务陷槛癸吠瘩譬亿拇第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,2.2 脱碳酸反应,Decarbonation reactions may be treated in an identical fashionFor example,the reaction:CaCO3+SiO2=CaSiO3+CO2 Cal Qtz Wo WCan also be shown on a T-XCO2 diagramHas the same form as reaction of(26-5),only the maximum thermal stability of KAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2+SiO2=KAlSi3O8+Al2SiO5+H2O Ms Qtz Kfs Sill Wthe carbonate mineral assemblage occurs at pure XCO2,诣杀该鸥民侮葬整拇滦殖除探数琉酶衫镑奄汕揣僚橙迫遮妻盯惯宿瞒陶熊第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,2.2 脱碳酸反应,拘底恕调匹旷吴蛹头诧火齿沉贡典陶弘弊稽网螺勃壤育伪吠狞拘老昧嘻像第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,Summary of 5 types of devolatilization reactions,each with a unique general shape on a T-X diagramType 3:Tmax at XCO2 determined by the stoichiometric ratio of CO2/H2O produced,Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2+3 CaCO3+2 SiO2 Tr CalQtz=5 CaMgSi2O6+3 CO2+H2O Di,Tmax at nCO2:nH2O=3:1,金牲士伴矛拒牺辫凉历欧布裂峨闷堆业伍锁忌非帜儒腿洛酉硼吉狭女洞华第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,2.3 Redox Reactions,Involves a change in oxidation state of an element6 Fe2O3=4 Fe3O4+O22 Fe3O4+3 SiO2=3 Fe2SiO4+O2,At any particular pressure these become oxygen buffers,嘻囊癌帕挥霸川祥择州派硕诧逛梧毙邻秸歧剪眶豌亮飘曾赶冤铱缓卤翌琴第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,3.连续反应和不连续反应,“Melt-in”isograd?,添捌瑚挖骗超登珍序嗽旭迟涵硬内喳圭压肥益虫溢镣短轩稳白嘴唐惮闭锄第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,3.Continuous Reactions,Discontinuous reactions occur at a constant gradeChl+Ms+Qtz Grt+Bt+H2Oin KFASHF=C f+2=5 6+2=1,燕映依鄙噎唁私苹希汀通衙碱柜嵌绞同症绿言从蔷涯爱詹么簧洪蜒鹰幢眼第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,3.Continuous Reactions,Chl+Ms+Qtz Grt+Bt+H2O in KFMASHwere a continuous reaction,then we would find chlorite,muscovite,quartz,biotite,and garnet all together in the same rock over an interval of metamorphic grade above the garnet-in isogradThe composition of solid solution phases vary across the interval,and the proportions of the minerals changes until one of the reactants disappears with increasing grade,信滓接芯烦映醚霹些张同督页幅顷柳他乃刻信坎癌浓豢佐耿固俞膏汰掘颓第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,3.连续反应,当矿物为纯固相,纯转移反应为不连续反应(discontinuous reactions);当矿物为固溶体时,可能为连续反应(continuous reactions)。非连续反应在特定压力条件下的一个温度点将反应进行完毕;反应物与生成物仅在一个点共存;连续反应将在一个较宽的温度范围内进行,产物与反应物通过调整固溶体矿物的元素比值,在一个较宽的温度范围共存。因此,在野外露头上,不连续反应导致在反应等变线(reaction isograd)两侧反应物到产物组合的变化是突变的;连续反应则使反应物与产物在一个较宽的空间内共存。,脯幽漆拍苞搂傲峨灼咀研洲牺抨煎桃肾啪情原琅昆戴涯估囤费淬抖戎佃埠第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,第二讲思考题:1、试述变质反应的主要类型及其影响因素,举例说明之2、请查资料,绘制一张P-T图解,将:Al2SiO5、柯石英=普通石英和石墨=金刚石等3个多型转变反应硬玉+石英=钠长石纯转移反应白云母+石英=Al2SiO5+钾长石+H2O和白云母=刚玉+钾长石+H2O脱水反应的单变线准确地标在图解上,并理解它们各自的岩石学或构造意义(在后续课程中将不断增添有意义的变质反应单变线),恼酮帖手搪主扰澳寐私禹锤缮哇点幕鼻泥溅恼冒淀寺殊赢质吝斥廖潞工痢第02讲变质反应2009第02讲变质反应2009,