新编研究生英语综合教程(上册)完形填空clos.ppt

The two most important ethical concepts in the peer review process are confidentiality and protection of intellectual property.Reviewers should not know the author(or authors)they are 1,and the author(or authors)should not be told the names of the reviewers.Only by 2 strict confidentiality guidelines can the peer review process be truly open and beneficial.3,no person involved in the peer review process 4 the editor,reviewers,or other journal staffcan publicly 5 the information in the article or use the information in a submitted article for personal gain.,unit 1,A.examining B.reviewing C.censoring D.inspectingA.maintaining B.remaining C.reserving D.preserving3.A.Likewise B.Therefore C.However D.Nevertheless4.A.neither B.nor C.both D.either5.A.uncover B.reveal C.disclose D.expose,Peer reviewers,in addition to maintaining 6,can be neither conflicted nor political in their review.Conflicts may take the 7 of financial conflicts with the results,conflicts if the research is too similar to their own research 8,and conflicts due to personal relationships with the author(or authors).Political motivations that might 9 with the peer review process include competition to publish 10 other scientists and inaccurate reviews designed to“punish”a competing colleague or journal.,III Cloze,6.A.confidentialit B.intimacy C.familiarity D.intelligibility7.A.shape B.silhouette C.form D.metamorphosis8.A.intents B.purposes C.endeavors D.desires9.A.interfere B.intervene C.disturb D.interrupt10.A.for B.by C.with D.in,Editors may find it difficult to guarantee a conflict-free peer review 11,because reviewers must be experts with knowledge unique to the field 12 which the article pertains.Therefore,many reviewers may find themselves faced with an 13 concerning research that is very similar to their own.Peer reviewers should disclose all conflicts of interest that may unduly influence their review to the journal editor and 14 themselves when appropriate.,III Cloze,A.process B.course C.experience D.result12.A.with B.of C.to D.on13.A.analysis B.article C.anecdote D.anthology14.A.recommend B.applaud C.disqualify D.discredit,III Cloze,Editors of journals should maintain an open and ethical peer review process,and all submitting authors and readers should be fully 15 of a journals process of peer review.Editors do retain flexibility in assigning the number of peer reviewers and what to do with the peer review information once completed.,A.aware B.critical C.fond D.proud,One method is for an editor to 16 two or three reviewers and then ask an author(or authors)to change the article to satisfy all the reviews.On the other hand,an editor may 17 all the reviews and consolidate the advice to help guide the author(or authors)when making changes,clarifications,and corrections.Editors must not relinquish too many of their own responsibilities to peer reviewers.,III Cloze,16.A.touch B.approach C.contact D.connect17.A.reject B.take C.refuse D.receive,III Cloze,The peer review process represents one 18 in the publishing process and editors need to take full responsibility for their decision to 19 an article in their journal.This means that editors must review the content and character of a submitted article,using all the criteria listed for reviewers above,and should rely on the reviewers primarily to catch errors that lie 20 the editors area of expertise and technical understanding.,18.A.step B.move C.part D.act19.A.exclude B.involve C.include D.remove20.A.inside B.within C.outside D.beside,Exercise IV.ClozeAmericans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual.They 1 that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best 2 is humanly possible.3,the foreign visitor will see competition 4 fostered in the American home and in the American classroom,even 5 the youngest age level.,unit 3,A.asset B.assume C.assemble D.assessA.which B.that C.where D.what3.A.Controversially B.Continually C.Consequently D.Conspicuously4.A.being B.is C.be D.to be 5.A.B.to C.in D.on,Very young children,for instance,are encouraged to answer questions 6 which their classmates do not know the answer.You may find the competitive value 7,especially if you come from a society that 8 cooperation 9 competition.But many U.S.Peace Corps volunteers teaching in Third World countries found the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally 10.,III Cloze,6.A.for B.of C.to D.at7.A.accessible B.distrustful C.acceptable D.disagreeable8.A.promotes B.enhances C.increases D.raises A.other than B.rather than C.better than D.more than10.A.distressed B.distorting C.distressing D.distorted,They soon learned that 11 they thought to be one of the 12 human characteristics 13 only a peculiarly American(or Western)value.Americans,14 competition,have devised an economic system to 15 itfree enterprise.,III Cloze,11.A.what B./C.which D.all12.A.unblemished B.ultimate C.universal D.unique13.A.reproved B.repressed C.reproached D.represented14.A.value B.valuing C.values D.valued 15.A.go with B.go for C.go against D.go along,Americans feel strongly that a 16 competitive economy will 17 the best in its people and,ultimately,that the society that fosters competition will progress 18 rapidly.If you look for it,you will see 19 in all areaseven in fields as 20 as medicine,the arts,education,and sportsthat free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.,III Cloze,16.A.mostly B.greatly C.largely D.highly17.A.bring up B.bring off C.capacity D.bring through18.A.the most B.most C.the more D.a most19.A.evidence B.witness C.testimonial D.verification 20.A.diverse B.reverse C.converse D.averse,As an organizer and activist,I think a lot about the strategies that will build momentum for our movement,and eventually push us over the tipping point of cultural and political change.Typically,we use_(1)_strategies like the base-building that Invisible Children did,to generate linear growth:_(2)_each intern could bring two more people on board,that would build a small army of activists ready to_(3)_.But this kind of growth can never provide the lift or political power that,_(4)_example,Invisible Children needed,to put Joseph Kony on the top of the agenda in Washington DC.That took a timely film,calibrated to a growing base,and a lot of(5)_.Lets call it 40%planning and 60%chance.,unit4,A.organizing B.organized C.to organize D.being organizedA.that B.which C.if D.how3.A.to mobilize B.for mobilizing C.to be mobilized D.with mobilizing4.A.as B.for C.with D.without5.A.choices B.opportunities C.possibilites D.chance,In the case of the Caines Arcade filmmaker,(6)_proportion of planning to chance was even less:maybe 5%planning and 95%chance.He was prepared to_(7)_ any opportunity that came his way_(8)_he had the filmmaking skills,the storytelling lens and enough humility to wait for a good story to land.But there_(9)_have been no way to predict who he would meet when_(10)_ a car repair shop or how viral the piece would become.,III Cloze,6.A.a B.the C.this D.that 7.A.take advantage of B.make advantage of C.use advantage of D.put advantage of8.A.that B.in which C.where D.because9.A.can B.must C.may D.could10.A.is looking for B.looking for C.are looking for D.am looking for,So what is the role of the(11)_,the moment,the story that is impossible to foreshadow?Like Invisible Children,we build infrastructures and bureaucracies to(12)_the unknown;we run regression analyses on risk_(13)_measure tracking errors on the stock market;we plan political campaigns around weather events;we look to religion for_(14)_.Its striking that with both the Invisible Children founders and the filmmaker I met at the party,preparation was key,but when the critical moment came,the plans(15)_the window.How well do we understand the limits to planning and strategizing?,III Cloze,A.known B.knowing C.unknown D.knowledge12.A.deal in B.deal with C.deal at D.deal for13.A.and B.but C.to D.at14.A.explanation B.response C.encouragement D.motivation15.A.came out B.took out C.put out D.went out,III Cloze,Theres clearly an opportunity cost of doing nothingsitting around waiting for a story to fall on your_(16)_ doesnt seem like an effective way of making change in the world,or a particularly good use of money and time.At the other end of the spectrum,(17)_we invest millions to build a base and persuade others to join our effort,send out hundreds of emails and generate campaign after campaign,bootstrapping our way_(18)_ real political momentum,we,16.A.knee B.nose C.head D.lap17.A.where B.when C.which D.how18.A.into B.for C.towards D.through,often forget the role that chance plays.But(19)_ the best-planned campaigns and organizing efforts cant provide the necessary lift fast enough without quickly taking advantage of new stories that fall on our laps.We need to build new kinds of social(20)_ and tell new kinds of stories that dont resist the unknown,but embrace it as part of our work.Or maybe we just need to get in the car and go look for a new door handle.,III Cloze,19.A.for B.to C.even D.with20.A.issues B.infrastructure C.problem D.develop,III.ClozeWhen we decided to do an article about hospice care for the July issue,we learned so muchmost notably how empowering it can be for patients navigating their final days.”I had several friends who had used hospice when a loved one was 1,”says Julie Bain,LHJs health director.“They all told me it was one of the best decisions theyd ever made and provided so much comfort and peace at an 2 difficult time.”Thats 3 we decided to create a photo essay showing what its like to be a hospice nurse,caring for patients who want to die as comfortably as possible in their own homes.(Thats nurse Jill Campbell,above,of Gilchrist Hospice Care in Baltimore,which recently won an award from the American Hospital Association 4 its innovative care.)COSTS ARE COVEREDWhen hospice care started to become 5 in the United States in the 1970s,it was mostly for end-stage cancer patients.,UNIT6 III Cloze,A.dead B.dying C.die D.diedA.credible B.credibly C.incredible D.incredibly3.A.why B.when C.where D.how4.A.in B.to C.for D.on5.A.believableB.describable C.touchableD.available,While cancer diagnoses still account 6 a third of hospice admissions,people with other terminal diseases such as heart disease and dementia now make up the 7,according to theNational Hospice and Palliative Care Organization.We were surprised to learn that everyones 8 to end-of-life care,whether you have the ability to pay or not.The costs are usually covered by 9 plans,Medicare or Medicaid.BUT MANY PATIENTS WAIT UNTIL ITS TOO LATEThe use of hospice services is on the 10,but some people still think of it as giving up.As a result,more than a third of hospice patients dont start palliative care until they have just days left to live.“People are so afraid to make the decision.,6.A.for B.to C.with D.as7.A.minority B.majority C.major D.minor8.A.attached B.restrained C.entitled D.confined9.A.assurance B.endurance C.ensurance D.insurance10.A.raise B.rise C.rose D.rate,But when you decide to get all the hospice supports earlier on,like Linda Schuberth(one of the patients in our story)did,you can make that limited time so much better,”says Diana K.Sugg,the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer we tapped to follow Campbell for our story.Sugg worked closely with Pulitzer-winning photographer Monica Lopossay to capture the 11 and poignant images.IT HELPS THE FAMILY TO PREPARE AND ACCEPTThis was a special story to our staffers 12 have personal experience with hospice care.Assistant editor Amelia Harnish was only 15 years old when her dad was 13 with hepatitis C.Four years 14,her family chose hospice when other treatments failed.“The scariest part was the night that he died,”she 15.,III Cloze,A.heartwarm B.warmheart C.heartwarming D.warmhearting12.A.who B.whom C.which D.as13.A.diagnose B.diagnosing C.diagnosed D.to diagnose14.A.after B.earlier C.before D.later15.A.recalls B.forgets C.regrets D.reminds,III Cloze,“Youre never prepared for something like that,and at the time,I was barely 20 years old.The hospice nurse was there to explain to us what was happening,and to 16 he wasnt in pain.Without that sense of comfort,I dont know how my family could have handled it.”IT KEEPS PATIENTS COMFORTABLE AND PAIN-FREEFor senior editor and digital director Amanda Wolfe,the decision to place her mother in hospice care at the end of her battle with ovarian cancer was difficult,but 17 it.“I really believe that hospice is a gift to both the dying person and their family:My mother passed away in her home,18 by her daughters,and in the least amount of pain.Hospice made it possible for her to die in peace,”Wolfe says.Our story has touched a 19,and many people have shared it on Facebook and written thoughts about their own experiences with hospice.We hope youll read our story“It Doesnt Have To Be Sad,”think about it and discuss your own wishes with your loved ones.And please leave a 20 if you have any thoughts youd like to share with others.,16.A.make up B.make sure C.make right D.make time17.A.worthy B.worthless C.worth D.unworthy18.A.surround B.surrounds C.surrounding D.surrounded19.A.tear B.nerve C.tone D.string20.A.comment B.contact C.message D.tip,If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills,American firms have a problem.Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as 1 to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility.Labour is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys 2 materials or equipment.The lack of importance 3 to human-resource management can be seen in the corporation 4.In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job,off at the 5 of the corporate hierarchy.,unit7,A.central B.center C.concentrated D.centimeterA.new B.raw C.saw D.caw3.A.reached B.linked C.attached D.latch4.A.hierarchy B.title C.management D.leadership 5.A.line B.rope C.end D.edge,The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of 6,in Japan the head of human-resource management is centralusually the second most important 7,after the CEO,in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts 8 on training their work forces,in fact they 9 less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly 10 on professional and managerial employees.,III Cloze,6.A.comparison B.observation C.contrast D.competition7.A.execution B.exercise C.elimination D.executive8.A.spent B.cost C.taken D.focused A.bet B.invest C.purchase D.invent10.A.limited B.spent C.concentrated D.spur,And the 11 investments that are made in training workers are also much more 12 focused on the 13 skills necessary to