学术英语(社科)-Unit 3含答案.ppt

学术英语 社科,Academic English for Social Sciences,3,UnemploymentUnemployment has been a serious global social issue in recent years.Both politicians and economists are making great efforts tofind ways to reduce the unemployment rate,though the result is not always satisfactory.The texts in this unit may give you someinsights into this issue.,Unit 3Unemployment,Unit Contents,Text A,Text B,Text C,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Lead-in,Lead-in,Lead-in task,Unit 3Unemployment,Lead-in,Task 1 Watch a video clip and complete the following sentences according to the information you have heard.,Unit 3Unemployment,1 Eric,president of CollegeClickTV.com,is invited to give college grads _.2 College grads of this generation have _ which is an advantage that not everybody has.,tips of finding a job,incredible talents,Lead-in,Unit 3Unemployment,3 College grads who have _ or _ are more likely to find jobs.4 College grads can apply to graduate school right now for _ and higher education,in order to ride out this recession and this extremely _.5 Knowledge is power and education will always _.Now watch it again and check your answers.,working experience,do Internships,a professional degree,weak job market,pay off in a long-term,Text A,Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose,Specialized vocabulary Collocations Signpost language Formal English,Unit 3Unemployment,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,Text AnalysisRead Text A and answer the following questions.1 Why can losing a job be the most distressing economic event in a persons life?,Because people rely on their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living,get income and get a sense of personal accomplishment.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,Text Analysis2 What happens to a country when it keeps its workers as fully employed as possible?,3 What are the two categories of the unemployment problem?,The result of it is achieving a higher level of GDP.,They are long-run problem and short-run problem.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,Text Analysis,We can consider whether unemployment is a short-term or long-term condition.Long-term means it is a big problem;short-term means it is not a big problem.,5 What does sectoral shift(结构性变化)mean?,Sectoral shift means the change in the composition of demand among industries or regions.,4 How can we judge how serious the problem of unemployment is?,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,Text Analysis6 What ways can be used to facilitate job search?,There are many ways to facilitate job search,for example,government program,government-run employment agencies,public training programs,newspaper ads,Internet job sites,university placement offices,headhunters and word of mouth.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,Text Analysis,7 Do you have suggestions that may help the government tackle the problem of unemployment?,Then Do Task 1 and Task 4 on Page 50 and 51.,Text A,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,It is not surprising,therefore,that politicians campaigning for office often speak about how their proposed policies will help create jobs.(Para.1),“Office”in this sentence means a position in a large and powerful organization,especially a government.It can be used in phrases“run for office(try to be elected)”or“take office(begin to work in a position)”.,Text A,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,Even if some frictional unemployment is inevitable,the precise amount is not.(Para.9),Even if we cannot avoid frictional unemployment,we can affect the extent of frictional unemployment.,Specialized vocabulary,natural rate of unemploymentGDPcyclical unemploymentsectoral shift,Text A,English language for academic purpose,Unit 3Unemployment,自然失业率,国内生产总值,周期性失业,结构性变化,Collocations,Text A,English language for academic purpose,maintain standards of livinga sense of personal accomplishmentreduce self-esteemcampaign for officestand idleups and downsjob vacanciescut back on production and employmentfacilitate job searchgive out information,Unit 3Unemployment,Signpost language,Comparison:Similarly;likewise;both;same;resemble;parallels;in the same mannerContrast:on the other hand;in/by contrast;however;while;whereas;nevertheless;different;instead(of);conversely;rather than,Text A,English language for academic purpose,Unit 3Unemployment,Comparison and contrast signals&clue words,Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,2,Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.,English language for academic purpose,Formal English,1 and information about job candidates and job vacancies is disseminated slowly among the many firms and households in the economy.,widely spread,2 At the same time,cheaper petrol stimulates car sales,so car-producing firms raise production and employment.,encourages,3 Government programs try to facilitate job search in various ways.,help,Text A,Unit 3Unemployment,2,Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.,English language for academic purpose,Formal English,4 and that they reduce the inequities inherent in a constantly changing market economy.,existing naturally,never changing,5 These critics contend that the government is no better and most likely worse at disseminating the right information to the right workers and deciding what kinds of worker training would be most valuable.,argue,6 Although the economy will always have some unemployment,its natural rate is not immutable.,7 But how we choose to organize our society can profoundly influence how prevalent a problem it is.,deeply/greatly,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 1 Text A is an expository writing and can be roughly divided into five parts.Write down the main idea of each part.,Suggested answers,Losing a job can be most distressing economic event in a persons life.,Two categories of the problem of unemployment,The reason why economies experience some unemployment,The ways in which policymakers can help the unemployment.,The natural rate of unemployment is not immutable.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 2 Answer the following questions.,Suggested answers,1 What can people get from their work?Apart from financial gains,people can get from their work a sense of accomplishment.2 What does a job loss mean to a person?Job less often not only means a lower living standard,anxiety about the future,but also self-esteem.3 What do natural rate of unemployment and cyclical unemployment refer to?Natural rate of unemployment refers to the amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.Cyclical unemployment refers to the year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment around its natural rate.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 3Unemployment,Suggested answers,4 In what way can we judge how serious the problem of unemployment is?One way to judge the seriousness of the unemployment situation is to consider whether the unemployment is a short-term or a long-term condition.If the latter is true,the unemployment situation is then serious.5 What is job search?How does it lead to some unemployment?Job search is the process of matching workers with appropriate jobs.When the information about job candidates and job vacancies is disseminated slowly among firms and people in the economy,job search can lead to some kind of unemployment.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 3 Work in groups of 3-4 and discuss the following questions.Try to make your claim clear and give enough evidence.,Suggested answers,1 Should the government get involved in the process of job search?2 Is unemployment a simple problem with a simple solution?3 Do you have some suggestions that may help the government tackle the problem of unemployment?,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 4 Work in pairs.Decide whether the following workers are more likely to experience short-term or long-term unemployment,and give your explanations.,Suggested answers,1 A short-order cook who loses his job when a new restaurant opens across the street.2 A manufacturing worker who loses his job at a plant in an isolated area.3 An expert welder(焊工)with little formal education who loses his job when the company installs automatic welding machinery.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 3Unemployment,Suggested answers,8 What are the ways to reduce the amount of frictional unemployment?The first way is by a quicker spreading of the information about job openings and worker availability,and the second way is by reducing the time it takes unemployed workers to find new jobs.9 What can help spread information about job openings and job candidates?Employment agencies,newspaper ads,internet job sites,university placement offices,headhunters,word of mouth can all help spread information about jobs and candidates.,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Match the words in Column A with those in Column B.,e,f,a,h,i,g,j,c,b,d,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Translate the terms you have got into Chinese.,1.labor force,2.economic event,3.create jobs,4.laid-off workers,5.unemployment rate,6.job search,7.cut back on production and employment,8.market economy,10.frictional unemployment,9.on-the-job training,劳动力,经济事件,创造就业机会,失业工人,失业率,寻找工作,减少生产和就业,市场经济,在职培训,摩擦性失业,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Complete the following sentences with the correct form of some of the above terms.,1 Data for 2005 shows that 52%of women were in the _,in contrast to 71%of men.2 Today,most countries that once had centrally planned economies are trying to develop _.3 The _is defined as the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.,labor force,market economies,unemployment rate,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Complete the following sentences with the correct form of some of the above terms.,4 Because _stops when a worker takes a new job.5 Economic calendar is relevant to investors who want to stay up-to-date and informed on current _ throughout the week.6 _ arises because,in many occupations,people changing jobs naturally must go through a period of unemployment between jobs,possibly because searching for a new job requires time.,job search,economic events,Frictional unemployment,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 2 Signpost language,2,Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in the above box.There may be more than one correct answer.,1 You should talk to your teacher _ just complaining to me about it.2 Analysts believe that the healthy results can be attributed to an increase in _ trade interest rate fluctuations.3 I read a lot as a child,but my daughter,_,just seems interested in television.4 The son followed his fathers example and,_,the daughter modeled herself on her mother.,instead of,as opposed to,by contrast,similarly,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 3Unemployment,Task 2 Signpost language,2,Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions in the above box.There may be more than one correct answer.,5 The philosopher Scott Buchanan once observed in conversation that science _ theater.6 The heat in Arizona is _ the heat here.Its very dry.7 Some paradigms have achieved limited success in some areas;_others do better in yet other areas.8 You want to help your kids as much as you can,but _,youve got to be careful to help them learn on their own.,resembles,different from,while,on the other hand,Text B,Lead in Critical reading Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose,Unit 3Unemployment,Text B,Unit 3Unemployment,Understanding argument,Understanding argument is an important skill for critical reading.Text B of this unit offers a chance to develop this aspect of critical reading.The author presents the two sides of the argument.,Lead-in,Text B,Text analysisStructure of Text B,Unit 3Unemployment,Lead-in,Debate topic,Text B,Critical reading：questions for discussion,Unit 3Unemployment,Discuss the following question:Why unemployment rate is so high?,Text B,Unit 3Unemployment,Some economists argument:There are jobs there,just not the right candidates to fill them Supporting details:structural unemployment;mismatch(skills,Critical reading:questions for discussion,Text B,Unit 3Unemployment,Most peoples argument:employers arent hiring enough workers Supporting details:depressed demand is hurting business;structural unemployment is minor side;no unique imbalance between skills the driving factor is the huge drop in demand,Critical reading：questions for discussion,Text B,Unit 3Unemployment,The authors attitude:Although the writer seems to be objectively presenting the two sides of the argument,the way he presents the arguments of the two sides and the way he ends the article indicate that he is more in favor of the argument that the unemployment situation in the US is not just structural unemployment.,Critical reading:questions for discussion,Text B,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,The bigger issue is mismatch.(Para.3),What is more important is the mismatch between job vacancies and qualified workers for the jobs.,Text B,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,Only 22%said they could find few or no qualified job applicants,about half the level reported before the recession.(Para.13),It was hard for 22%of small businesses to find qualified job applicants.In contrast more than 40%of small business could not find qualified job applicants before the recession.,Text B,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,While the housing crisis is keeping people in place,Shierholz doubts that a lack of mobility isthe problem.(Para.14),Although the housing crisis is limiting peoples freedom to move in order to search job opportunities,Shierholz does not think this is the main cause of the problem of unemployment.,Text B,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,.they just arent big enough to swallow up the swells of unemployed job seekers.(Para.15),the states just arent big enough to absorb so many unemployed job seekers.,Text B,Difficult sentences,Unit 3Unemployment,“The thing youd expect to see with even isolated labor shortages would be low unemployment,high job growth,and wage increases,”she said.“We are not seeing that”(Para.21),Labours shortage normally bring with them low unemployment,high job growth,and wage increases,but that is not what is happening now.,Specialized vocabulary,structural unemploymentlabor marketunderwater houseownerunemployment benefithousing bubble,Text B,English language for academic purpose,Unit 3Unemployment,结构性失业,劳动力市场,“溺水屋”