句子种类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.ppt
专题十二简单句,陈述句,陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：1be 动词的否定式：在be动词后面加否定词not。如：We arent classmates.我们不是同学。2情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如：I cant speak English well.我英语说得不好。3实义动词的否定式：借助助动词do/does构成。一般现在时的句子结构为：主语doesnt/dont 动词原形其他。如：He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天锻炼。,疑问句,疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1一般疑问句：用yes和no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。形式：be+主语+其他？情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？助动词+主语+动词原形过去分词+其他？如：Are you tired?Yes,I am.-Must I finish the work today?-Yes,you must.Have you been to Beijing?,专题十三简单句,2特殊疑问句：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如：常见的特殊疑问词有：who,which,what,when,where,why how manyhow much,how often,how long,how soon,how far 如：What do you like best?When did you go to Beijing last time?How often do you exercise?3选择疑问句：指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如：Shall we go home or stay here for the night?我们回家还是待在这里过夜？,专题十三简单句,4反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要一致。常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下：(1)陈述部分为Let us时，问句部分习惯上用“will you？”；陈述部分为Lets时，问句部分习惯上用“shall we？”如：Let us go to the cinema,will you?Lets go to the cinema,shall we?(2)陈述部分为“There(Here)be 主语”时，问句部分用“动词there(here)？”形式。如：There are two cakes on the plate,arent there?(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little,few,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：She seldom goes swimming,does she?,专题十三简单句,(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如：Something is wrong with the computer,isnt it?(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：Someone is knocking at the door,isnt he?(6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We)dont think(believe,suppose,consider)that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：I dont think that he has finished the work on time,has he?(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un，im，in，dis等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair,isnt it?(8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用will you/wont you;陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分只能用will you。如：Dont make any noise,will you?,专题十三简单句,祈使句,祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。否定式是直接在动词原形前加dont。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：1(please)+动词原形其他。如：Please be careful.2Let+宾语+动词原形+其他。如：Lets have a picnic.3No+名词动名词 如：NO PHOTOS!NO PARKING!注意：回答祈使句时要用将来时。如：-Please come here early tomorrow.-Yes,I will.-Dont be late again.-Sorry,I wont.掌握“祈使句+andor+结果状语”结构。如：Work harder,and you will get good grades.Hurry up,or youll be late for class.,专题十三简单句,感叹句,感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。1what引导的感叹句。(1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What a difficult question it is!(2)What形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词(主语谓语)！如：What useful information!,专题十三简单句,2how引导的感叹句。(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语！如：How kind they are!(2)How陈述句(主语谓语)！如：How time flies!3what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如：What a good girl!How good the girl is!,专题十三简单句,专题十三简单句,易错易混点【易错点】感叹句-delicious the ice cream is!Could you give me one more?-Sure.A.What B.How C.What a D.What an【易混点】how 词组辨析-will your father come back?-In three weeks.A.How long B.How many C.how soon D.How often,专题十三简单句,句子种类练习题一、单项选择。(A)1._ weather!Its raining!Bad luck!We cant go climbing today.A.What badBHow bad CWhat fine DHow fine(B)2.Shes never spoken to a foreigner,_？Yes.Shes active and can speak English freely.Ais she Bhas she Cisnt she Dhasnt she(A)3._ get off the bus before it stops.ADont BDoesnt CDidnt DHadnt(D)4.-_sweater is this?-I think its Peters.A.Who B.What C.Which D.Whose(C)5.wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A.How B.What C.What a D.What an,专题十三简单句,(A)6.-do you go shopping with your mother?-I seldom do that.A.How often B.How soon C.How far D.How long(B)7.Please open the door.It is very cold outside.A.not B.dont C.doesnt D.no(C)8.interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!A.What B.What an C.How D.How an(C)9.-Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?-_.A.Yes,a dictionary B.No,a magazine C.A dictionary D.Yes,both(B)10.-_you _TV at the moment?-No,you can turn it off.A.Did,watch B.Are,watching C.Do,watch D.Have,watched,专题十三简单句,二、连词成句（2014年中考真题）86.night,did,last,rain,it_Did it rain last night_?87.your,what,is,shirt,size _What size is your shirt_?88.gift,him,birthday,gave,a,I _I gave him a birthday gift_.89.flowers,what,are,beautiful,they _What beautiful flowers they are_!90.tennis,a,Nancy,twice,week,play _Nancy plays tennis twice a week_.,
