介词+关系代词.ppt

music,Preposition+which/+whomATTIBUTIVE:FOLLOW ME!,定语从句,介词+关系词的定义,当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前,He is the person _ you spoke to,that/who/whom,He is the person _ you spoke.,whom,This is the house _ I lived in 4 years ago,This is the house _ I lived 4y ago,that/which,which,to,in,The city which she lives in is far away.,The man whom you spoke to is our headmaster.,The farm which we worked on ten years ago is beautiful.,This is the tree which we used to play games under.,The farm on which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.,The man to whom you spoke is our headmaster.,The city in which she lives is far away.,This is the tree under which we used to play games.,介词+关系词的功能,一、“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom,which和whose 三个，不能用that.二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词whom.四、表所属关系时用of which/whom,The boy _ parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam.,whose,The boy the parents of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.,=of whom the parents,关系副词when,where,why 和介词+which之间的关系,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。,1.I wont forget the date on which I was born.2.This is the room in which I lived.3.I dont know the reason for which he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days during which they lived in Tianjin.!5.Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year.6.I remember the day on which my father died.I was only ten years old at that time.,=when,=where,=why,=when,=where,=when,介词+关系词中介词的选择,根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定介词。,The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.This is the mountain village _ which I stayed last year.Ill never forget the farm _which I worked together with you.,一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词,with the money 用钱,on,with,in,on,on the day 在那天,in the mountain village在山村,on the farm在农场,He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn.The girl _ whom you are talking is working.The West Lake,_ which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.The man _ whom I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.,二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定,learn from sb.向某人学习,talk to/with sb.与某人交谈,be famous for 因为而闻名,shake hands with sb.与某人握手,from,to/with,for,with,Air,_which man cant live,is really important.,三、根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定,The pen _ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.,This is my pair of glasses,_ which I cannot see clearly.He is the girl _ whom you went to concert last night.,without,with,without,with,一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之 前，也可放在动词后。,固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:look for/after/forward to、care for、take care of、hear of/about/from,等.This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,介词+关系词中介词的位置,介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.,Tips,1.Do you like the book on which she spent$10?2.Do you like the book for which she paid$10?3.Do you like the book form which she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book about which she often talks?,介词+关系代词的使用,5.The man to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.6.Glasses,without which I cant see clearly,are really important for me.7.China is a beautiful country,of which we are proud.8.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?,This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.,1.名词+介词+关系代词,We have three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.,2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词.序数词.分数和百分数）,3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、either、either、some、any等）,The old woman has two sons,both of whom are teachers.I have many friends,some of whom are from China.,4.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词,China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan Island.,5.介词+关系代词+名词,He spent four years in college,during which time he studied medicine.,Look at these sentences!,We bought a house in front of _ there is a lake.We had a barbecue on the farm behind _ we found a wood.Mike reached the post office,on the right of _ he noticed a supermarket.,which,which,which,The man _I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.A desert is a great plain _ nothing will grow.He was the man _room the thief had stolen the bag.This is my pair of glasses,_I cannot see clearly.,with whom,in which,from whose,without which,5.The girl _he spoke made no answer.6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.7.They asked me a lot of questions,many _ I couldnt answer.Two men,_I had ever seen before,came into my office.我以前从未见过他们,neither of whom,to whom,of which,of which,9.He got his first salary，_ he gave to his parents.其中一半10.Our country has many islands,_is Taiwan.其中最大的11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.,the largest of which,half of which,of which,介词加关系代词的基本用法,The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now?,with whom,in which,with which,on which,which,The farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be.He is the man you can turn for help.This is the tree we used to play games.,on which,to whom,under which,on the farm 在农场,turn to sb.for help 向某人求助,under the tree 在树下,The sun gives us heat and light,_ we cant live.,The student _ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.,Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye to me.,Who can give me the reason _ he hasnt turned up yet?,without which,about whom,on which,for which,1.The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.2.This is the house_ _ LuXun once lived.The reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.4.The fellow _ _ I spoke made no answer.5.The West Lake,_ _ Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.,from whom,in which,for which,to whom,for which,Practice,1.Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well?A.in front of it B.in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined the League.A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A.who B.to whom C.to who D whom,C,A,B,4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace.A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.A.which B.with which C.without which D.that6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom,B,C,D,7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies.A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late?A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,_writes well.A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them,C,D,B,10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945.A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest.A.which B.in which C.among which D.one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday.A.that B.by which C.which D.with which,A,C,D,13.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour _ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_which he was not too sure?17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.,at,of,in,about,at,for,19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.,in,through,with,of,I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now.宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.状语,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable.宾语,why,that whichx,1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what,考点一:that 与which 的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用 that,4.He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom,先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。若主句中有疑问代词 who 或 which，为了避免重复,关系代词用 that。,7.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?A.that B.which C.where D.it,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时，关系代词用that。,5.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词.,2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词用 that。,只用that的情况:,考点一:that 与which 的区别,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:1.逗号后面 2.介词后面,2.The day _ he was born was Aug.20,1952.A on which B that C which D.this,一个句子,两个定语从句,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which.,Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.A that B which C where D as,Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在one,anyone,those 指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行词时,用“who”代替“that”.,考点二:that 与who的区别,who,who,who,考点三:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配；方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom;不可用that 或who 代替。,1.The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.,The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。,Is this the book(which/that)you are looking for?,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换,但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或the same、so、as连用时，一般用as。Such books as you tell me are interesting I have the same plan as you.2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如,正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know、see、expect、Announce、point out 等。As we all know,the earth is round.,1._ Engels pointed out,labour created man himself.A.Which B.That C.This D.As 2.They said they were French._wasnt true.A.Which B.That C.This D.As,3.The clock struck thirteen,_ made everyone laugh.A.Which B.What C.That D.As 4.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who am not fit for this job,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written 4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.!A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?!Is this the factory _ we visited last week?A.where B.that C.to which D.the one,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2.Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.!A.where B.that C.of whom D.which,先行词是situation,case,scene时，且在定语从句中作状语时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which.,D,B,A,15.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.!A.which B.that C.whom D.them,非限制性定语从句,并列句,C,D,Homework,Summarize the rules of attributive clause.,