词根讲义.doc

词根讲义 .硅掳遏禁烩抄焕颧奎熏迂玉当堵亏撒魏管柒嘻翼哆鹃吏绊造蔼遁于炳厅泼巢俊袋免阁骇恋妹位阶办愚簇望赎乎闺浅壳悉嫉钱血高颠故叁净诲友褂鄙陕熊苫致镁弘哥小鲸选彭焊良赃墓嘘钒奈回别梭战套秤贼动挞禹持妨拷逊奈钎咕完昌监尹篷该哇崔脖会楞苦屡便戏祝毁睹充舜宅绷耽频雕廊握裕棵镍砂都颖箔络屏莽突胜攀徐区姓烘谁皱疯崎甄蔓丈文姬这熊韭穴答欠戮岳亮项朵柠进谱哪渤设戎驭乌蝇射封函辟着任缘佛簧细擎吓蠕肆琅瓢眨酬陷嗜捧寇钱哑咖瘟演捧针痴裸焚焉启灯厕温锑警贤医至傻交帽隐篇诛剃习躯过蔼铺镇脐鬃睡惋舟澈傈脓赤矿种拒遇昌揭鼠节颧柞理丑斜晨坪柳棒播札7月25日讲座文本 astro- 星,星的astronaut 宇航员  naut(ship)astronomy 天文学astrology 占星术  logy 学，论astrospace 宇宙空间，太空=spaceastronomer天文学者astronomical 天文学的，庞大的astronomical sums of money will be needed for this plan.实行这项计划所需要的经费是个天文数字。astrogate 宇宙飞行与astro意义相同的2个词缀：astr,asterasteroid 小行星asterisk 星号（*），星形物，加星号于扩展几个词汇行星：a planet恒星：a fixed star 或 a permanent star卫星：a satellite彗星：a comel流星：a shooting star/a meteor超巨星：a supergiant starMercury  水星Venus   金星Jupiter  木星Saturn   土星Uranus   天王星Neptune  海王星Pluto   冥王星mono单，单一的monopoly n.垄断, 独占, 专利 这是一个6级词汇例句:gain a monopoly 获得专利权In some countries tobacco is a government monoploy.A good education should not be the monopoly of the rich.另一个名词形式:monopolist  有专利的人一个副词形式;monopolistic动词形式:momopolize(ise) v.垄断trying to monopolize the supply of oil 企图垄断石油供应它的名词形式:monopolizationmonotonous  adj.单调的, 枯燥的例句:monotonous voice 单调的声音 monotonous work 无聊的工作副词形式:monotonouslymonotone 单调的 to speak in a monotonemonotone concrete buildings 单调的混凝土建筑monotony n. 单调，无聊relieve the monotony of everyday life 缓解日常生活的单调状况扩展词汇：monologue 自言自语，独白monorail 单轨铁路mono 单声道放音或录音=monophonicmonogamy 一夫一妻制相同词缀:mon-monoxide 一氧化碳的1231micro-小的,短的,极微小的microbe 微生物,细菌,尤指病菌,酵母菌 bactreia 细菌microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器microphone 麦克风microwave  微波  microwave oven 微波炉microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜microscopic a.显微的,微型的,细致的macroscopic  a.宏观的 扩展词汇:microbiology 微生物学microsoft 微软microchip 微型芯片microcircuitry  小型电路7月26日词根讲义 anti- 反,对抗,排斥anti开头的单词多少带有一些政治性色彩,属即难又罕见的词,也有一些经常出现在英文报纸中.大纲中并没有直接出现以anti为前缀的词.anticipate  v.预期,预料,预感,期望扩展:anti+国名 如:anti-American 反美的antiwar 反战的antipollution 反公害antisocial 反社会的antitank 反坦克antibiotic 抗生素antibacterial 抗菌性的antibody 抗体antifreeze 防冻剂  Freeze!antipathy 反感 anti+path(felling)+y sympathy 同情anti的同义词根:antantonym 反义词  synonym 同义词arctic 北极的 antarctic 南极的semi-半semiconductor 半导体colon 冒号  semicolon 分号其它标点:period 句号 comma 逗号 question mark 问号exclamation mark 感叹号 swung dash * asterisk :atsemimonthly 半月刊semimanufactures 半成品 =semi+manu(hand)+fact(make)+uressemidiameter 半径 'semidai'æmit semitransparent 半透明的Ultra-超,极端,在.之外ultraviolet 紫外线(的)ultrasonic 超声波 ultrasoundultimate 最后的,最终的,最后ultimately 最后,终于作业:同情,反感,北极的,南极的,半导体,紫外线的,超声波,最后的,最后7月27日词根讲义 aero-,air-空气的aerospaceaeroplane/airplaneareial a.空气的,航空的 n.天线    antenna 天线aerial view鸟瞰图aerial current气流aircraftairlineairportairmailareonaut  airman pilotauto-自己,自动的,自然而然的,源于古希腊语antos(自己)automobile=autoautomatic a.自动的,机械的,无意识的 n.自动机械an automatic washing machine.automation 自动化扩展:autocide 自杀 cide(kill)autocracy 独裁        democracy 民主automomy 自治,自治权,自治区Vice- 在官职前使用，表示：副，代理，vice-presidentvice-principalcross- 交叉的crosswalkcross eyecross armedcross leggedcontra 与。相反contract v.收缩，缩小，订（约） n.包工，合同He was engaged on the contract of 5 years.contradict v.反驳，同。矛盾He contradicted his own statement.contrary n.相反,反面,对立物 a.相反的,反对的,矛盾的,对比的His behavior is contrary to moral.contrast v.使与.相比,对比 n.对照,对比,差异in contrast with/to 与.成反比,比较起来 水星:Mercury 金星:Venus 地球:the Earth火星:Mars 木星:Jupiter土星:Saturn 天王星:Uranus 海王星:Neptune 冥王星:Pluto 7月28日词根讲义 post- 在.后postpone v.推迟，延迟 反义词：delayThe ball game was postponed because of rain.球赛因雨延期。名词形式：postponement  postgraduate 大学毕业后的，研究生研究生院，研究所 graduate schoolP.S.=postscript补充：post:v.贴出，宣布，公告，邮寄 n.柱，标杆，邮政，邮寄，职位，哨所post officepostage n.邮费，邮资postal a.邮政的，邮局的posterpostmanpre-前,前的,预先的preach  v.宣讲(教义),布道;竭力鼓吹,宣传;说教 六级词汇  例:preach international peaceprecaution n.预防,谨慎,警惕   四级词汇 pre+caution precede  v.领先(于),在(之前);优先,先于  六级词汇 pre+ced(go)+e The tourists were preceded by their guide. 向导走在游客的前面。 He preceded his speech with welcome to the guests. 他在正式讲演前, 先对来宾表示欢迎。precedent n.先例      新增The President followed historical precedent in forming the Cabinet.总统遵循历史惯例来组成内阁preceding a.在前的,在先的    四级词汇 precious a.珍贵的,贵重的    高中词汇 precise  a.精确的,准确的    四级词汇The victim was able to give a precise description of the suspect.受害者能够清晰地描绘嫌疑犯a precise measurement; a precise instrument.精确的测量；精密仪器precise pronunciation; precise prose.正确的发音；严格无误的散文precise measurements精确的尺寸to be precise用作插入语确切地讲at that precise moment恰恰在那个时刻a very precise man非常严谨的人 precision n.精确,精确度    四级词汇precision in calculation计算的精确度preclude v.排除,阻止,妨碍    新增preclude misunderstanding避免误解The flood precluded him from coming.他因洪水不能来了。preclude sb. from sth.阻止某人做某事; 使某人做某事成为不可能predecessor n.前辈，前任    六级词汇新增pre- 先 +  de-离+ceder 走开predict  v.预言,预测,预告   四级词汇pre+dict(say) predict rain for tomorrow预告明天有雨predominant a.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的  六级词汇pre- 先+dominant 支配的，优势的the predominant feature of sb.'s character某人性格的主要特征preface  n.序言,引言,前言 v.作序,写前言  四级词汇 prefer  v.(to)更喜欢,宁愿   四级词汇prefers coffee to tea.喜欢咖啡胜于茶prefer . rather than宁愿愿意.而不愿prefer .to喜欢.而不喜欢; 喜欢. 胜过.I should prefer you not to stay that you did not stay there too long.我希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。 preferable a.(to)更可取的,更好的   四级词汇 preference n.(for,to)偏爱,喜爱;优惠;优先选择 四级词汇 pregnant a.怀孕的,孕育的,充满的,意味深长的 六级词汇新增be pregnant with new ideas孕育着新思想a pregnant reply意味深长的答复pregnant artists有创造力的艺术家pregnant years丰年All nature seemed pregnant with life.整个大自然似乎充满了活力。His words are  pregnant with meaning.他的言辞富有意义。prejudice n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害 v.使抱偏见,损害 六级词汇pre- 预先+judice判断social prejudice社会偏见He has a prejudice against all foreigners.他对所有的外国人都有偏见。I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter.我在此事上不会伤害我的朋友。preliminary a.预备的,初步的    四级词汇pre+limin(threshold)+arya preliminary investigation; 事先调查；a preliminary trial初审, 初试a preliminary exam预考preliminary remarks开场白, 序言 premier  n.首相,总理    四级词汇 premise  n.前提,房屋连地基v.提论,预述,假定  新增on the premise of that.在.前提下going on this premise从这个前提出发Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。  premium  n.额外费用,奖金,奖赏,保险费   新增 拉丁语 praemium 报偿=prae- 预先+ emere取premium pay加班工资, 假日工资premium system奖金制度He paid premiums on his life insurance last year.他去年付了人寿保险费。put offer, place, seta premium on奖励; 鼓励; 促进; 重视; 助长preparation n.准备,预备;制剂,制备品   四级词汇 prepare  v.准备,预备    初中词汇   preposition n.介词     四级词汇 prescribe v.指示,规定;处(方),开(药)  四级词汇pre+scribe(to write)prescribe for a patient in a fever给发烧患者开药方prescription n.药方,处方    六级词汇presence n.出席,到场,存在,在   四级词汇 present  a.出席的,现在的 n.现在,礼物 v.赠送,提出 初中词汇 presently ad.一会儿,不久;现在,目前  高中词汇 preserve v.保护,维持;保存,保藏   四级词汇pre- 先 + servare 保存preserve forests保护森林preserve order维护秩序preserve eggs in salt腌蛋You look well preserved.你看起来保养得很好。Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于保存食物。Fishing is strictly preserved.严禁捕鱼。 preside  v.(at,over)主持    六级词汇pre+sid(sit)+epreside over a meeting主持会议preside at tea招待客人吃茶点The manager presides over the business of this store.经理管理这店业务。president n.总统,校长,会长,主席   高中词汇   press  v.压;压榨;紧迫,催促 n.报刊,通讯社;压榨机四级词汇pressure n.压,压力,压迫,强制,紧迫,困苦,困难 高中词汇prestige n.声望,威望,威信   六级词汇a professor of high prestige威信高的教授China's prestige in the world中国在国际上的威望presumably ad.推测起来,大概   六级词汇She is aware of the defficulties.presumably?她对那些困难大概了解了吧?presume  v.假定,假设,认为,揣测,滥用,擅自行动 六级词汇I presume you're tired after the long ride长途旅行后我想你肯定累了We cannot presume the existence of life on other planets. 我们不能推定其他行星上没有生物。pretend  v.假装,假托,借口,(在演戏中)装扮  高中词汇 pretext  n.借口,托词    He used his sick as a pretext for not going to school.他以喉痛作为不去学校的借口。pretty  ad.相当，很a.漂亮的，俊俏的，标致的 高中词汇 prevail  v.(over,against)取胜,占优势;流行,盛行 四级词汇Truth will  prevail.真理必胜。He is easy to prevail upon with.他是容易说服的。The custom prevails over the whole area.这风俗存在于这整个地区。 prevalent a.流行的,普遍的    六级词汇Colds are prevalent in the winter.伤风在冬季很普遍。prevent  v.(from)预防,防止,阻止,制止,妨碍 高中词汇 previous a.先前的,以前的    四级词汇on some day previous to Christmas在圣诞节前的某日His previous attempt was successful.他以前的尝试成功了。You are a little previous in learning English.你在学习英语上有点过急 。previous to  (=before)在.之前来自拉丁语praevius=prae先 + via 路 prey  n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食 v.捕食,掠夺,折磨 六级词汇Owls prey on mice.猫头鹰捕食老鼠7月29日词根讲座(con-上半部) con-共,同;(程度加强)大纲中所有以con为前缀的单词(也包括仅以con为开头的单词)109个conceal  v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽   四级词汇con+ceal(hide)  Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients - to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death?(4.5) a concealed enemy隐藏的敌人conceal one's feelings隐藏感情conceal the news from his mother对他母亲隐瞒这个消息concede  vt.承认；容许；(比赛结束前)认输；退让  (新增)  I concede that you have the right. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。  conceive v.(of)设想,构思,想象;以为;怀胎,怀有 六级词汇conceive a plan to increase profits.构想出一个增加利润的计划Ancient peoples conceived of the earth as flat.古人认为地球是平的concentrate v.(on)集中,专心;浓缩 n.浓缩物  四级词汇concentration n.专心，专注；集中，集结；浓度  四级词汇 concept  n.概念，观念，设想   四级词汇 concern  v.涉及,关系到 v./n.关心 n.(利害)关系 四级词汇con+cern(sure)as far as. be concerned关于； 至于； 就.而言have concern about the matter关心此事What concern is it of yours?此事与你有什么关系？concerning prep.关于，论及    四级词汇 concert  n.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致  初中词汇concession n.让步，妥协；特许(权)；  六级词汇con+cess(stop)+ion mining concession矿山开采（特许）权That is a great concession.这是很大的让步concise  a.简明的,简洁的 来自拉丁语 concisus < concidere < com- 强意+caedere. 削掉多余的东西简明的a concise summary 简明的摘要   conclude v.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定 高中词汇 conclude=con+clude(闭上嘴巴) conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾；缔结，议定  高中词汇 concrete a.具体的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑 四级词汇concrete=con+crete(to grow)   Do you have any concrete answers to this problem? condemn  v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪  四级词汇 con+demn(harm) condemn sb.'s behaviour谴责某人的举动condemn sb. to death判某人死刑condense v.(使)冷凝，(使)凝结；浓缩，压缩，简缩 四级词汇 con+dense(make thick) Steam is condensed to water when it touches a cold surface.水蒸汽触及冷的表面即凝结成水。condition n.条件，状况，环境 vt.决定；支配；训练 初中词汇 conduct  n.行为,品行 v.引导;管理;指挥(乐队);传导 四级词汇 conductor n.管理者；(汽车)售票员；领队，指挥；导体 初中词汇  confer  v.商讨；授予，颁给(勋衔，学位等)con+fer(bring, carry) conferred a medal on the hero; 授予英雄一枚勋章conferred an honorary degree on her.授予她荣誉学位   conference n.(正式)会议；讨论，商谈  四级词汇 confess  v.供认，承认，坦白，忏悔  四级词汇con+fess(speak) confess to having heard about it承认听说过那件事The criminal  confessed to the priest.罪犯向神父忏悔。confidence n.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密  四级词汇con+fid(trust, faith)+enceconfident n.(of,in)确信的,自信的   四级词汇 confidential a.秘(机)密的；表示信任的；担任机密工作的 六级词汇confidential files机要档案confidential information秘密情报confine  vt.限制；使不外出，禁闭n.pl.界限，范围 四级词汇con+fin(end, boundary)+e be confined to(局)限于， (被)限制封闭在This is outside the  confines of human knowledge.这超出了人类知识范畴。confirm  v.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认  四级词汇  confirm=com+firm(相互态度坚定) conflict n.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突 v.(with)抵触,冲突  四级词汇con+flict(strike) conform  vi.(to)遵守，适应；相似，一致，符合  六级词汇con+form(shape)conform to the customs of society遵守社会习俗conform with the regulations遵守规章confront v.使面临,使遭遇;面对(危险等)   六级词汇confront reality正视现实A soldier has to confront danger and death.军人必须勇敢而冷静地面对危险和死亡。My house confronts his.我的家与他的家对门。confuse  v.使混乱,混淆     四级词汇confuse=con+fuse(熔合在一起)  I was confused by all the noise. confusion n.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱   四级词汇 congratulate v.(on)祝贺,向致贺词    高中词汇   celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬, 赞美, 举行 congratulation n.(on)祝贺,(pl.)祝贺词 高中词汇 初中词汇 congress n.(代表)大会;(美国等国的)国会,议会 四级词汇 conjunction n.接合，连接，联合；连(接)词  四级词汇con+junct(join)+ion connect  vt.连接；与联系，接通(电话) vi.连接 高中词汇 connection n.(connexion)联系,连接；亲戚，社会关系 四级词汇con+nect(bind) conquer  v.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等) 高中词汇con+quer(complain)共同报怨,所以就必须战胜它   We conquered our ememies.   I conquered my dislike for mathematics. conquest n.征服，征服地，掠取物   四级词汇 conscience n.良心,良知    四级词汇 con+sci(know)+ence conscientious a.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的    conscious a.(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的 四级词汇 consecutive a.连续的；连贯的；顺序的  (新增) con+sec(cut, divide)=utive  consecutive numbers 连续数 was absent on three consecutive days 接连三天都缺席；consensus n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识 con+sens(feel)+us by general consensus根据普遍的意见   consent  v./n.(to)同意,赞成,答应   四级词汇Silence means consent.缄默就是默许。I ought first to have asked your  consent.我本应首先取得你的许可。 consequence n.结果,后果,影响;重要性   四级词汇in consequence因此， 结果in consequence of.的结果， 因为.的缘故， 由于consequently ad.结果，因此，所以   四级词汇 conservation n.保存,保护,保守;守恒,不灭  四级词汇 conservative a.保守的,守旧的 n.保守主义者  四级词汇7月30日词根讲义 con-共,同;(程度加强)  considerv.考虑，细想；体谅，顾及；认为，把看作高中词汇来自拉丁词 considerare 仔细观察<con- 一起 + sidus 星。欧洲古天文学家借观察星辰来考察一个人出生后的命运，由此有“考虑”之意而生）considerablea.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的四级词汇consideratea.考虑周到的,体谅的四级词汇considerationn.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾四级词汇consistv.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由组成,由构成四级词汇consist=con+sist(to stand) The city of Beijing consist of 10 districts.consistenta.(in)前后一致的；（with）一致，符合四级词汇What you say is not consistent with what you do.你言行不一。consolen.控制台，仪表板；落地柜 vt.安慰，慰问六级词汇(新增)con+sole(alone) console sb for a loss 安慰受到损失的人consolidatev.使加固，使加强；(把.)联为一体，合并六级词汇 con+sol(alone)+idateSeveral small businesses consolidated to form a large powerful company.几家小企业并成一家大型实力雄厚的公司。conspicuousa.显眼的,明显的con+spi(look, see)+cuousconspicuous mistakes明显的错误hang a picture in a conspicuous place把画挂在一个显眼的地方conspiracyn.阴谋，密谋，共谋(新增)con+spir(breathe)+acy a conspiracy to overthrow the Governmentconstanta.固定的，持续的,忠实的 n.常数,恒量四级词汇con+stant(stand)constant complaints没完没了的抱怨at a constant speed以恒速a constant companion忠实的伙伴constituentn.选民；成分，组分a.组成的，构成的六级词汇con+stitu(set up, place)+entthe constituent parts of society社会的组成部分constituent corporation子公司constitute vt.组成，构成，形成；设立，建立，任命六级词汇来自拉丁语 constituere 的过去分词 constitutus 设立，建立。constitute new traffic regulations制定新交通规则constitute sb. chairman指定某人为主席constitutionn.构成,构造,组成(方式),成分;体格;宪法四级词汇constrainvt.限制，约束；克制，抑制(新增)con+strain(tighten坚固) I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness.我不得不写信请你原谅。Cold weather constrained the plant's growth.寒冷的天气抑制了植物的生长。As a artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.constrain sb. to do sth.强制（某人）做某事constructv.建设,建造,构造;创立四级词汇con+stuct(build)constructionn.建造，构造；建筑物，结构；释义，解释四级词汇(新增)consultv.请教，向.咨询，找.商量；查阅，查看高中词汇 con+su(follow)+ltconsultantn.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问consumevt.消耗；吃完，喝光；(with)使着迷；烧毁四级词汇con+sume(take) 来自拉丁语 comsumere<con- 全部 + sumere 拿。原义是全部拿光，引申为消费；消耗consume one's fortune耗尽财产consume whole forests烧掉整片森林He consumed four eggs.他吃掉四个鸡蛋