人教版新目标初中八年级下册现在完成时态.ppt
现在完成时,八年级下册 时态之二,现在完成时的含义及用法,现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?,用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window.(窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet.(不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands.(手是干净的),此时，现在完成时常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。,already:常用于肯定句中.yet:用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经,你已经找到你的书了吗?(find-found)他们在这个城市建了许多房子.(build-built)Judy还没到达.(arrive-arrived)你吃过早饭了吗?(have-had),Have you found your book yet?,They have built many buildings in this city.,Judy hasnt arrived yet.,Have you had breakfast?,试一试,用法 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since(自从)he was born.Have you stayed here since(自从)3 oclock?,常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.,for+时间段since+时间点,since+句子，since+时间段+ago,用for 或since填空,Mr.Brown has had his TV _15 years.Ive taken driving lessons _last month.My sister has had her cell phone _a month.My friends havent visited me _ my birthday.We havent used our car _a long time.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years.Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old.,for,since,for,since,for,for,since,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚)They have just left.ever(曾经)Have you ever been to Beijing?never(从不)I have never seen him.before(以前)Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来)Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达)Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days/weeks/years(在过去的)recently(最近)I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止)So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年),have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in“呆在某处一段时间了”,Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。,实义动词分为:瞬间动词、延续动词,瞬间动词,注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式:瞬间动词可用于“段时间+ago”的一般过去时句型瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用瞬间动词用于“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时 的句型中。表示“自从.以来有.时间”的意思.主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since+一般过去时的句型中,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick 参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has died for 2 years.,Nick has joined the army for 3 years.,He has left Shenzhen for along time.,I have borrowed the book for 4 months.,X,X,X,X,注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,method 1:,动作,die,be over,leave,borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick 参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.,His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I have had/kept the book for 4 months.,method 2:,It is+时间段 since+一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick 参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is 2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book.,
