实验七机构设计和分析软件的应用.docx
实验七机构设计与分析软件的应用一、实验目的:1、结合机构分析设计软件,学习掌握运动分析的解析法求解。2、应用机构分析设计软件,进行凸轮机构的设计分析。3、学会应用AUTOCAD软件进行运动分析矢量图的绘制。二、实验步骤:1、登录http:/10.66.104.5访问机构设计分析软件。2、点击了解该软件的基本功能。3、学习掌握解析法进行连杆机构的运动分析(教师讲解)。并对一特定机构进行运动分析, 求出速度、加速度。详见实验要求。三、实验要求:1、已知图示铰链四杆机构各杆的长度lAB=25mm; lBC=60mm; lCD=40mm; lAD=60mm.AB杆的角速度co 1=1rad/s,角加速度4=0。求(1) 该机构是否存在曲柄?简单说明理由。25+60 V 40+60满足杆长条件;AB为最短杆且为连架杆,该四杆机 构为曲柄摇杆机构,所以存在曲柄。(2) 若存在曲柄,用AUTOCAD作图,绘制出极限位置。标注极位夹角。并与软件获得 的结果进行比较。(3) 用ECXEL软件进行解析法方程的求解。每隔10°计算一次,获得AB旋转一周,CD 杆的角速度3 3和角加速度£3的变化情况,并获得变化曲线图。与软件获得的结果进行比较。(4) 每个学生选择其中一个位置(教师指定),用图解法进行速度和加速度分析,求得该 时刻CD杆的角速度3 3和角加速度£3。要求用AUTOCAD绘制速度矢量图和加速度矢量图。 并与解析法获得的结果进行比较。S岫承整博料坦胃I,s速度分析:已知AB杆的角速度co1=1rad/s,角加速度&=0。v B =l A 1=25mm/s.根据匕=vB+ vcB ,画出速度矢量图。±CD .LAB J_BC加速度分析:从速度矢量图中求得,VC =19.87mm/s, VCB =9.88mm/s。an = Vc2 =9.87 mm / s2 , an = l s2 =25 mm / s2 , an = Vcb2 =1.627 mm / s2CD lBA AB 1CB l根据ac = anD + atDan+BAan+CBat,画出加速度矢量图CBv =9.88mm/s,CBvC =19.87mm/s,s =CB =0.165rad/s2 lBCs =0.497rad/s3 lCD由加速度矢量图得a"D =12.36mm/ s2 , a =13.59mm/ s2计算得角加速度 a3 = acD =0.309 rad / s2, a2 = Cb =0.2265 rad / s2CDBC2.解析法A = -sin 中;B = l /1 - cos 中;C = (l2 +12 +12 -12 )/(2l l ) -1 cos 甲 /11AD AB1AD DC AB BC AB DC AD 1 DCA + A2 + B2 - C2中 =2arctan x = 2arctanbC=arctan'/眄一七出气AB 11 +1 cos中 一 1 cos 中-AB sin的 1 _%)s1sin(中一中)1s = Iab si岫-也)s3 1sin(中一中)11 s 2cos(p -p ) + 1 s 2 1 s 2cos(p -p ) =112BC2DC3331 sin(p -p )1 s 2cos(p-p ) +1 s 2cos(p -p ) 1 s 2AB 113 BC 232 DC 31 sin(p -p )利用ECXEL软件进行解析法方程的求解,得到表格如下:度弧弧度弧度角 速 度角 速 度角加速度角加速度1.290340.695301.4 -0.38750.35270071-0.71429 -0.714291.467690060.17444 -0.17351.41517 -0.36471.190070.57831 100.71194706-0.61655 -0.427671.732843410.34888 -0.34181.46024 -0.29711.14138 200.760442710.48217 -0.48443 -0.13561.562335260.52333 -0.49971.53384 -0.1867 300.642929961.1398 0.40875 -0.36081 0.1070291.209693170.69777 -0.64251.63372 -0.03691.175060.35482 400.49467856-0.26173 0.2873840.868344110.87222 -0.76571.756870.31602500.147811.236964-0.18668 0.4144530.601800450.371567731.04666 -0.86571.317350.28862601.89954 0.3618160.28307066-0.13006 0.5015950.407913961.22111 -0.93942.057390.598591.410290.26991700.22376169-0.08622 0.5598870.267714081.39555 -0.98462.225650.850981.511460.25806 800.18632523-0.05072 0.5970620.16317419901.572.39920 1.111301.617660.25192 -10.16503906-0.02028 0.618097 0.08079111.74444 -0.98492.572771.371661.726350.250831000.156079270.007573 0.6259780.011052161.91888 -0.9400 2.741101.624150.254520.157041111101.835390.034752 0.622298 -0.0526855882.09333 -0.86651.942820.263010.166332321202.89908 1.861120.062847 0.607678 -0.1149663-6972.26777 -0.7667 3.04190 2.07535 2.04676 0.276580.182524911300.093186 0.582112-0.178470762.44222 -0.6437 3.16524 2.26037 2.14526 0.295721400.126816 0.545304 -0.2437320.2036271812.61666 -0.50113.265362.410542.236350.321050.226337201500.164327 0.497097 -0.308542172.79111 -0.34333.33920 2.521312.318060.353270.245616321600.205585 0.437985 -0.36764132.96555 -0.1751 3.38454 2.58931 2.38861 0.392930.255197751700.249455 0.369592 -0.41366478-0.0015 3.39999 2.61249 2.44663 0.440320.249397841803.140.293721 0.294818 -0.439948393.31444 0.17199 3.38509 2.59014 2.49132 0.495260.225470091900.335404 0.217398 -0.44411142003.488880.340353.340292.522942.522540.557010.3714 0.140956 -0.42981080.1847091797654692103.6633330.498393.26695 2.41292 2.540710.6243539170.399109 0.068045 -0.40516190.131268793.83777 0.64129 3.16729 2.26344 2.54655 0.695670.069684852200.416728 -0.00033 -0.379286234.012220.764733.044342.079012.540830.769090.002889562300.423123 -0.06465 -0.359633264.18666 0.86496 2.90183 1.865252.524140.84259-0.06851032400.417473 -0.12646 -0.35119164.361110.93893 2.74409 1.62864 2.49672 0.91399-0.14605232500.398867 -0.18801 -0.357017554.53555 0.98440 2.575912.458400.98092-0.23293682601.376370.365976 -0.25197 -0.3790992-3860.99999 2.40238 1.116082.408501.04073-0.33351502704.710.316802 -0.3213-0.418860954.884440.98523 2.22879 0.85568 2.345811.09034-0.45257202800.24854 -0.39917 -0.476872675.058880.940562.060390.603082.268562901.12613 0.157612 -0.48863 -0.55109236-0.59372335.233331.90230 0.36595 2.17452 1.143793000.867350.040173 -0.59187 -0.632289731192-0.75547395.407770.767801.759310.151472.061291.13844310-0.10632 -0.70819-0.6944248-0.92243585.582220.644951.63577 -0.0338 1.927111.10512 320-0.27943 -0.82973 -0.6788443-1.04946795.756660.502521.53543 -0.18431.772741.04019 330-1.0451377-0.46491 -0.93455-0.48235625.931110.344841.46134 -0.29541.604440.94410340-0.7909776-0.62939 -0.980760.006487643506.10555 0.17669 1.41573675-0.36391.4370550.82469 -0.72419 -0.916310.75864878 -0.25901953606.280.003181.40000 -0.38741.29263 0.6975855914-0.71539 -0.718951.458139810.343184067由表获得折线图:从表中得,中1=150时,也=064327rad/s ,性=0.497°97弟命。2 =0.2263 rad / s2 ,a 3 =-0.3085 rad / s2图解法中已经求得,%=°.165rad/s"°.497rad/sa2 =0.2265 rad / s2,a3 =0.309 rad / s2从图解法矢量图中可看出,a"与二方向相反,所以a»值为负,a3也为负。对比以上两种方法,图解法与解析法获得的结果基本相同。在运用两种方法求解以后,可以清晰地认识到图解法与解析法各自的优劣。图解法形象直观,不需要复杂的数学计算,但是进行机构运动分析时,需要进行多 次测量,所求结果精度相对解析法要低。解析法则与图解法恰恰相反,解析法利用数学表达式来进行求解,可得到很高的精 度,但是解析法不像图解法那样形象直观,且计算工作量大。随着计算机的普及和图形软件的发展,解析法的直观性将得到提升。在工程实际中, 解析法的应用更具普遍性。