中考英语语法专项复习-名词.ppt

Revision of Go For It 九年级英语复习,Nouns名词,熟记已学过的名词；掌握常用名词的数的变化；掌握名词所有格的构成及其变化；掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法。中考考查形式：选择题、单词拼写及选词填空题、完成句子,复习策略,CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI,初三英语总复习,NOUN.,考点揭密,1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：family,home,house;work,job等,名词的数,名词的所有格,名词的变化,可数名词,不可数名词,NOUN.,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：_|专有名词|名|个体名词|可数名词|集体名词|普通名词|词|物质名词|不可数名词|抽象名词|,1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。,专有名词 表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写*Lucy*China*The Summer Palace,普通名词 分为可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词 表示人、事物、地点等的名称。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分,名词的单数形式 一般可用a来修饰*a car*a book 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an*an elephant*an apple 请区别：a useful machine,要点考点聚焦,flower,flowers,找规律,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf-leaves,box,es,NOUN.,名词的复数形式 1.复数形式的构成方法(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog dogs*book books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box boxes*watch watches,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country countries*factory factories 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy boys two Marys the Henrys holiday-holidays*monkey monkeys,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,radios,photos,找规律,zoos,pianos,NOUN.,(4)以o结尾的名词加“s”/z/*radio radios*zoo zoos 只有 potato tomato加“es”构成复数 potato potatoes tomato tomatoeszero-zeros/zeroes。(5)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”/vz/roof-roofs*half halves*shelf shelves*knife knives*leaf leaves,2.特殊变化的单词(1)单复数同形Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep deerdeer li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式(2)变元音字母oo为ee tooth teeth foot feet,不规则变化,child-children,woman-women,deer,sheep,man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,3.变man为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)Germans 4.其它形式 child children mouse mice,5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况(1)将中心词变为复数 girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren(2)man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数 a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers,以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般 是不可数名词，为单数。b.news 为不可数名词。c.the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。,6.常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes police trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*My clothes are newer than yours.*The police often come here.,1）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）;a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers等。2）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼,7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of,some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数*There are a few people in the park.*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat 等。特别记住housework work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数*Some bread is over there.*No news is good news.2.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词*They had much money.*He does little housework at home.,3.常用a piece of,a cup of,a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数*There is a piece of paper in the book.*Three glasses of orange are on the desk.,a bottle of juice,a glass of orange,two boxes of milk,不可数名词,注意：可数名词也可用量来表示，of 后用复数*There are two bags of clothes over there.*We have five boxes of apples.,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同(1)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸)work(工作)a work(著作)room(空间)a room(房间),(2)fruit(水果)fruits(各种水果)fish(鱼)fishes(各种鱼)hair(所有头发)hairs(几根头发)time(时间)times(时代),名词的一般用法名词做定语 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*He has two pencil-boxes.*There are three banana trees over there.2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*We need a man teacher.*They are all women workers.,3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*a sports field*a clothes shop 4.当数词与单位名词一起做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.*This is a two-hour plan.,名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。*Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜,名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系“的”一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.单数名词后加“s”*Tom s book*my friend s uncle 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“”即可*Teachers Day*two weeks holiday,3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s”*Children s Day*men s shoes 4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系*the color of the wall*a picture of the classroom,二.名词所有格的几个注意点 1.可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*my aunts(home）(我姑姑家）*go to the teachers(office）(去老师办公室）2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式*the cats name/the name of the cat*Chinas capital/the capital of China,3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“s”*Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）请区别:Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间（两人各有一间房间）,看例题识所有格,1.Beijing is the capital of China.Beijing is Chinas capital.,2.This is Mary and her sisters bedroom.Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.,3.These are Toms and Lilys bags.,4.She is the two boys mother.,5.the door of the room the leaves of the tree,6.the girls name=the name of the girl,7.He is a friend of my brothers.,的,练习,Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000.The woman with two children _(is,are)coming here.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.,is,is,is,is,am,6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).8.The population of China _(are,is)over 1,300,000,000.9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.,is,is,women teachers,people,has,练习,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？Not very farIts about twenty walk.Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3.There are three in my family.A.people B.person C.child 4.Most students can go to college for further in our city.A.education B.information C.science 5.This is bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,()1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a piece C.a D.a piece of()2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass()3.Bill runs fast.He won the _ 800 metre race yesterday.Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys.()4.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()5.In the picture there are many_ and two_.A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs,D,D,B,A,C,()6.This is not my cap,but my _.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothersD.brother()7.They write most of their_ in English.A.business letter B.business letters C.businesses D.businesses letters()8._are_for cutting things.A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used()9.John bought_for himself yesterday.A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoeC.two pair of shoes D.two pairs shoes()10.Excuse me,where is the_?A.mens room B.mens room C.mens rooms D.men rooms,B,B,D,A,A,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers,典型例题解析,【例2】Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people.A.land B.ground C.room D.floor,B,C,【例3】These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now.A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many,【例4】I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please?A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs,【例5】Some_are flying kites near the river.A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs,A,B,C,.将下列词组译成英语1.三双鞋 _2.二十个女教师 _3.两瓶橘汁 _4.Tom父亲的一个朋友 _5.少年宫 _,课时训练,there pairs of shoes,twenty women teachers,two bottles of orange juice,a friend of Toms fathers,the Childrens Palace,1.The rich_not always happy.A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_.A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_.A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news,课时训练,A,A,D,A,B,6.March 8th is _Day.A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women 7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few,few8.There are three_in our class.A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss 9.Its about ten_walk.A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes10.This room is_.A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David,课时训练,(B),(A),(B),(B),(A),11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China.A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities12.Would you like_?A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat 13.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks14.Toms car is more beautiful than_.A.his brothers and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_.A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurse,B,A,C,D,D,