中考总复习-冠词.ppt
二、冠词,1.用法:冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。它不能离开名词单独使用。2.分类:,不定冠词:a、an,定冠词:the,零冠词:(不用冠词),名词是秃子,需要带帽子。,名词是葛优,考点一 不定冠词 不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词之前。它们的基本用法如下:,a/an 的区别,a/an 的区别:a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前,an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。可用这样一句话记住它们的用法:不见元音别施恩(n)。A boy an old man useful book 特殊情况:an honest boy;an hour;an honor,选帽只要听读音,不看字母能做到。,元音音素:/a:/:/u/:/i/i:/,1。用在叙述第一次出现的人或物之前Once upon a time,there was a king,he had a beautiful daughter.2用在表示某一类人或事物的单数形式名词之前。不用翻译如:An elephant is stronger than a horse.3表示“一个”,相当于one,但不如one 强烈。如:Give me a apple,please.也就是说,数数千万别用它!,4,有些不可数名词要表示“一种,一场”时,A heavy snow5.表示“每一”的意思,常用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前,相当于every。例如:Take the medicine three times a day.6.用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。例如:I have read the books twice,but I want to read a third time.7.固定搭配。例如:a lot of 许多,a great deal of 大量 等等词组,固定搭配。,6.English is _ useful language.7.He is _ unhappy boy.8.My father will come back in _ hour.9.There is _ beautiful flower.10.There is _“u”and _“s”in the word“use”11.Please take _ seat and have _ rest,a,a,a,an,an,a,an,a,考点二 定冠词 定冠词表示“这(个),那(个),这些,那些”,指特定的人或事物,常用于普通名词前。表示特指的人或者物。The girl in red is his sister.(1)特指上文已提过的人或事物The kingwife died.So he married another woman.My mother bought me a book.The book is very interesting.(2)用在双方都知道的人或事物前Do you see the big apple on the tree?The apple is mine.,(3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The Earth moves around the Sun.地球围着太阳转。(4)用在序数词前,方位和形容词的最高级前(副词最高级前可以省略)The second girl is the shortest but she runs(the)fastest of all.(句中fast是副词)Beijing lies in the north of china.,(5)用于形容词前或单数名词前表示一类人或事物 The young should be polite to the old.What the fox say?(6)用于姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻 The Whites are going to have a picnic tomorrow.怀特一家人准备明天去野餐。The Smiths,(7)用在专有名词前 the Great Wall the Summer Palace(8)用于与play连用的乐器名称前 Lang Lang plays the piano very well.郎朗钢琴演奏得很好。,(9)用于表示某世纪逢十的年代之前In the 1990s.二十世纪九十年代(10)用于固定搭配中 at the same time同时 by the way顺便问一下(11)用在固定结构“the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级”中,表示“越越”The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越仔细,出错会越少。,【巧学妙记】特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及,世上独一无二,方位以及乐器,某些专有名词,外加复数姓氏,序数词最高级,习惯用于要特记。,_ earth goes round _ sun.Jim is _ tallest and _ most Interesting.3._man over there is my teacher.4.There is _ orange on the table._ orange is mine.5.I live on _ twelfth floor.,The the,the the,The,an,The,the,6._ Great Wall is _oldest building.7.I have _aunt._ aunt is _ doctor.8.In this exam,he is _ second.9.Jim is _ boy.He is _ American boy.10._Yellow River is one of _ longest rivers.,The the,an The,the,a an,The the,a,考点三 零冠词 某些名词前不需要用冠词,这种情况称为零冠词。(1)专有名词前不用冠词,如人名,国家名,街道,广场名、公园名、大学名等Nanjing Road南京路 Times Square时代广场 Beihai Park北海公园 Beijing University,只有一个中国!China!,(2)可数名词复数和不可数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词 Good advice is beyond price.好建议是无价之宝。(3)球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐的名词前不用冠词 Can you play chess?你会下象棋吗?(4)表示节日,季节、月份或星期的名词前不用冠词 Spring festival always comes in Febrary.This year it comes in Thurday.,(5)前面已有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不用任何冠词 This is our first class.这是我们的第一节课。(6)在称呼和表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。Master,there is a guest waiting for you.(7)某些习语或固定词组中的名词前不用任何冠词 by train乘火车 go to school去上学,【巧学妙记】下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限。专有名词不可数,星期月份季节前。,Attention!,1,a dog,the gog,Dogs都可以表示某一类2,序数词前用定冠词表示“第几”,用不定冠词表示“又一,再一”。the first group.I have had two apples.But i want a second one.,有无冠词的不同,at/in school 在上学 at/in the school 在学校里(不一定是学生)by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边in front of 在外部的前面in the front of 在内部的前面,in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里(不一定在住院),1.(2012达州中考)What _ cold weather!Yes.But its _ unusual experience for us,we normally live in a hot place.A./;a B.a;an C./;an D.a;the【解析】选C。由名词weather是不可数名词可知不能用不定冠词修饰,unusual以元音音素 开头,因此前面用an修饰,故答案为C项。,2.(2011广东中考)I really like _ book you lent me yesterday.A.a B.an C.the D.不填【解析】选C。考查定冠词的用法。句意:我确实喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。在此book是双方都知道的,是特指,故用定冠词the,因此答案为C。,3.(2012恩施中考)_ girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from _ European country.A.The;a B.A;the C.The;an【解析】选A。由girl被定语从句修饰可知为特指;European不是以元音音素开头故用a修饰。,4.(2011聊城中考)Theres _ apple on the table._ apple is for my little brother.A.a;An B.an;An C.the;An D.an;The【解析】选D。考查冠词的用法。在there be句型中不定冠词a/an表示某一个,下文再次提到用定冠词the来表示特指。apple以元音音素开头,前面用an,故选D。,5.(2012孝感中考)Tina,are you going to play _ chess on School Day?Yes,and Ill also play _ violin that afternoon.A.the;the B.the;/C./;the D./;/【解析】选C。play与chess连用不用冠词,与乐器类名词连用加冠词the,故选C。,6.(2011永州中考)We should often help _ poor.A.a B.不填 C.the【解析】选C。考查定冠词的用法。“the+形容词”表示一类人。the poor“穷人”。,7.(2011泰安中考)Did you get there by _ bike?No,I took _ taxi.A.a;a B.不填;a C.the;the D.a;the【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。“by+交通工具类名称”,意为乘某一交通工具,名词前不用冠词;take a taxi乘出租车。故答案为B。,8.(2012铜仁中考)Be careful!There is _ dog lying on the ground.Thanks a lot.A.a B.an C.the D./【解析】选A。本空表示第一次提到的不特定物dog,故选用不定冠词,又因dog是以辅音因素开头的单词,故选A。,9.(2011丽水中考)The evening party was really fun.We had _ great time.A.a B.an C.the D.不填【解析】选A。考查不定冠词的用法。have a great time是固定词组,意为“玩得高兴”。,10.(2011河南中考)What do you want to be in the future,Nick?I want to be _ pilot.It is _ exciting job.A.a;a B.a;an C.the;an D.a;the【解析】选B。考查不定冠词的用法。修饰表示泛指的单数名词用不定冠词。pilot是以辅音音素开头,前面用a修饰;exciting是以元音音素开头,用an修饰,故选B。,11.(2011烟台中考)Do you know _ man in blue?Yes,hes a professor of _ university.A.the;a B.a;an C.the;an D./;the【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。在被定语修饰的名词前用the表特指;university不是以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词a表示泛指。,12.(2011长沙中考)I usually go to school on _ foot.A.a B.the C./【解析】选C。考查零冠词的用法。on foot“步行”为固定短语,不需要用冠词。,See you!,