中学教师的文化视野.ppt
中学教师的文化视野,教学中的文化,What did our parents give us upon our birth?,FoodClothesThe ability to walkThe ability to speakWays to associate with people Ways to look at the world,Apart from the necessities of life,our parents Also gave us A straight-jacket.It is culture!,人是生而自由的，但却无往不在枷锁之中。卢梭 社会契约论,什么是文化?,“文化是一种复杂体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗，以及其社会上习得的能力与习惯。”爱德华.泰勒原始文化（1871年）,What is culture?,The prestigious anthropologist Taylor:“that complex whole which includes knowledge,belief,art,law,morals,customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of a society.”,Smovar and E.Porter:,“We can define culture as the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs,values,attitudes,meanings,social hierarchies,religion,notion of time,roles,spatial relationships,concepts of the universe,and material objects and possessions acquired by a group o fpeople in the curse of generatins through individual and group striving.”,The social science encyclopedia:,“the way of life of a people.It consists of conventional patterns of patterns of thought and behaviors including values,beliefs,rules of conducts,political organization,economic activity and the like,which are passed on from one generation to the next by learning and not by biological inheritance.”,文化包括哪些方面?,知识信仰艺术道德法律风俗能力习惯,文化为什么会有不同?,自然环境社会环境家庭环境社会制度：不同的文化造就不同的社会制度；不同的社会制度会使不同的文化得以产生和延续。,研究与了解文化差异有何意义?,增进相互了解，避免误解?,知己知彼，正确决策。,中西方文化差异概览,价值观与道德标准的差异 家庭观念的差异时间观念的异同 政治理念差异社会礼仪的差异婚丧嫁娶的差异社会习俗的差异对女性的态度,价值观与道德标准的差异,西方文化的个体本位论与东方文化的社会本位论 个人荣誉感与谦虚谨慎 自我中心与无私奉献(1)自己为自己负责。（2）不习惯关心他人，帮助他人，不过问他人的事情。（3）不主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助平等意识与等级观念,家庭观念的差异,核心家庭与四代同堂子女经济独立与依赖父母财产造福社会与遗赠子女,时间观念的异同,时间重于金钱与友情重于金钱守时与散漫,政治理念法律方面的差异,平等自由与和谐至上私产保护与社会均等小河无水大河干与大河无水小河干,社会礼仪的差异,寒暄送礼公共场所谈话,婚丧嫁娶的差异,靠个人努力建立家庭与父母帮助建立家庭教会婚礼与世俗婚礼尊重死者意愿与隆重发送,社会习俗的差异对女性的态度,尊重妇女与男女平等乘车走路,语言教学与文化,文化的重要性,语言是文化的载体文化反映一个民族的软实力学生只学语言不懂文化依然是文盲,Interculural Communication,Interculture communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.Frequently,the term cross-culture communiction is used when referring to communication between peole from different cultures.(Samovar and Porter,2000),Thank You!,
