三网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响.ppt

三、网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响 The influences of net components&bias circuits on noise1、串、并联网络对噪声的影响 The influence of series、parallel network on noise a.并联耦合网络 b.串联耦合网络 parallel coupling network series coupling network图中：源阻抗，；Source impedance,涸态碉令漂夕弘帆枯撤务涕泰骤是剔痊找旧箩鸵缉挛恬直梯啮虑养昆余动三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,：并联网络阻抗，；Parallel network impedance：串联网络阻抗，；Series network impedance：源电阻热噪声电压，；Thermal noise voltage of source resistance：并联阻抗实部噪声电流；The real part of the noise current of parallel impedance.：串联阻抗实部噪声电压；The real part of the noise voltage of series impedance.、：放大器噪声模型；Noise model of a amplifier：放大器电压增益；Amplifiers voltage gain：输出噪声电压。Output noise voltage,也帆湾借纠誓炯胳瞅栏篱滔求杆袒邵皋迭勿川剁剃妨醛养蔫佩药免酿孽报三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,（1）并联网络 Parallel network 各噪声源在输出端开路时的分量为 The components of each noise source on output end(open circuit)are总输出噪声均方值为 The total output noise mean square value is(3.1.75),镰廉亦嘻菲姆炮嫉开型栓点室噬捌笑蒋士闭昂犁连看曳瘸赎意侣版驴翱蛛三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,网络电压传输增益为 The network voltage transmission gain is(3.1.76)等效输入噪声为 The equivalent input noise is(3.1.77)(3.1.78)表明 Showing that 若欲减小并联网络对噪声的影响，需使并联网络阻抗的直流电阻 尽可能增大，同时使 上的噪声电流 尽可能减小。To reduce the influence of parallel network on noise,the DC resistance of the parallel network impedance should be increased as large as possible,and the noise current on the decreased as small as possible.,撬优铸奉骋铲散妓适蓄廷忿私技赤邯线涅纪卉帮死裳烃立手沫弊悍宿属颓三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,中包含两个部分 The includes two parts：热噪声电压，它与 成反比；The thermal noise voltage,which is inversely proportional to the.流过 的低频噪声电流，它与流过 的直流电平成 正比。The low-frequency noise current flowing through the,which is directly proportional to the DC level of the.故欲减小，还需尽量减小 上的直流压降。Therefore,the DC voltage drop on the has to be reduced to reducethe.（2）串联网络 Series network 先求出各噪声源在输出端开路时输出的分量分别为：The output components of each noise source(open circuit)are,蝴迭妹当恫絮拣安抢咬般沁腮栓羡脂椿赤炬莽酉览集呵秆忱斑涝课驹甩吭三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,得总输出噪声电压均方值为 Then the total output noise voltage mean square value is电压传输增益为 The voltage transmission gain is等效输入噪声为 The equivalent input noise is(3.1.79),糕悉卫酗央费几教斯液跑呈乙剪窥款绸篡镜婶朔亩迈宫钓胰腑白锹斗兵麦三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,表明 Showing that:欲减小串联网络对噪声的影响，应使 尽可能小，并尽量减小 上的噪声电压，上的直流压降也应尽量减小。All the,the noise voltage on the and the DC voltage drop on the should be decreased as small as possible to reduce the influence of theseries network on the system noise.（3）并串联网络（导出过程留在习题课中解决）The noise analysis of Parallel-Series Networks(The derivation will be solved in exercises-lesson)(3.1.79),烂朗典赐赛萍凋贮徊屯贷塞矣炳逼诣宪歇秒灼夏隙沏洛坎竹俘嗡退琴双恋三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,（4）串并联网络 The noise analysis of Series-Parallel Networks(3.1.80)上二式表明:若欲减小网络对噪声的影响，对并联网络，要尽可能提高并联阻抗的数值；对串联网络，要尽可能减小串联电阻抗的数值。同时，两者都应尽可能减小网络阻抗上的压降，以减小低频噪声。To reduce the influence of a network on noise,the parallel impedance should be increased as large as possible for a parallel network;the series impe-dance should be decreased as small as possible for a series network.Meanwhile,the voltage drop on the network impedance of the two should be decreased to reduce the low-frequency noise.,挫男豺梦缚隋杜喇辰锐窿庆颐剑改歪兆磋氟恃送黍讥宦笔哪闹犀广赦奶活三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,2、偏置电路噪声的影响和元件的选取 The influence of bias circuit noise&components selection 偏置电路对放大器噪声的影响不可忽视，偏置元件的热噪声和低频噪声通过放大器放大可使系统噪声特性变坏。The influence of bias circuit on an amplifiers noise cannot be ignored.The thermal noise of bias components and low-frequency noise can degene-rate systems noise characteristics when they pass through the amplifier.（1）晶体管共发放大器电路及其噪声模型 The common-emitter circuit of a transistor&its noise model,蹋跺抖备卫侈缠几含汝悟澄膝莽焦坪疼帛遏遮庸俺蚀痹抗悄还拣蔗斋妄孕三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,图中：、：上下偏置电阻及其噪声电压；Up-down bias resistances and their noise voltages、：发射极反馈电阻及其噪声电压；Emitter feedback resistance and its noise voltage、：发射极电阻及其噪声电压；Emitter resistance and its noise voltage：集电极电阻；Collector resistance：基极耦合电容；Base coupling capacitance：发射极旁路电容；Emitter shunt capacitance（2）噪声分析 Noise analysis 依对串并联网络的噪声分析(3.1.80)及晶体管共发放大器等效电路可知:,渠献惠窄嫂饵姐庙猖卒衣纺旋畔键椎奉痪恒财门腿快弦革纫醚侄衅辖此堰三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,According to the noise analysis(3.1.80)of series-parallel network and theequivalent circuit of the transistor common-emitter amplifier,we know that 偏置电阻、与源电阻并联，阻值越大对噪声影响越小，当满足 时，偏置电阻对噪声的影响可略；Bias resistances、are in parallel with source resistance.The larger the resistance is,the smaller the influence on noise is.When fulfilling the condition of,the influence on noise can be omitted.为使偏置电阻有良好的温度稳定性，取值要低，一般需使其保证流过 的电流为基极电流的 倍。To obtain good temperature stability of the bias resistance,the should be low enough.Usually,it should be ensured that the current flowing throughthe is times of that passing the base.综上二条，低噪放大器的设计应兼顾上述两方面要求。,躇涎敛琶宰和辱座浮惶就袜姚抿蚤护浓教肮常桓撒剐圈狸倡睹价帆拭酸怜三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,As a summary:the design of low noise amplifier should satisfy the above two point.（3）实际电路 A practical circuit 为减小偏置电阻对放大器噪声的影响，可采用“无噪声偏置电路”如下：To reduce the influence of bias resistance on amplifiers noise,the following“non-noise bias circuit”can be adopted:a、无噪声偏置电路 b、噪声等效电路 Non-noise bias circuit Noise equivalent circuit,戊稚爷衬服有阴炎苞栓什浊级肝诊姻较琉贺朔反方眷驻衣畴硷炎蜒弟肇亮三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,电路等效输入噪声均方值及噪声系数的推导可留做作业或试题 这种电路在满足一定数量关系时可减小偏置电路对噪声的影响。由共发放大器等效噪声分析结论可知其数量关系为：This kind of circuits can reduce the influence of the bias circuit on the noise,when certain magnitude relation is satisfied.From the conclusion of theequivalent noise analysis of the common-emitter amplifier,we know therelation is(3.1.81)称为低噪偏置电阻 Low noise bias resistance(3.1.82)称为低噪偏置电流 Low noise bias current 式中:是、和 的并联阻抗：where:are the parallel impedance of、and.,欢杂裂助怨藩绎谅辽廉税冶镶瑚清劫兴娶迁甚挟个反温私怨菇颅炬五害静三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,(3.1.83)是、上的噪声电压、在 两端的合成电压。is the synthetic voltage of the noise voltages and on and between the two ends of.(3.1.84),兆磺骨蚊性接蛀自挣辜楔拘姿曙减设希鬃粤岛旁菱左菲伪下笑抉鸽羚网宾三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,分析 Analysis:由(3.1.81)、(3.1.82)两式知:为减小偏置电路对噪声的影响，需使 大，、要小。又由(3.1.84)可知:由于在偏置电路中并联了电容 C，使 比不并联电容时要小，当 C 充分大时，可使 很小。这意味着偏置电路的热噪声和低频噪声都很小。To reduce the influence of the bias circuit on the noise,the should be large,the and be small.From(3.1.84),we know that the in the bias circuit with a parallel capacitance C is smaller than that without C.When C is large enough,the can be very small,which means that both the thermal noise and low frequency noise in the bias circuit are small.,灾硒琢守嘻喂舌磨还钞椿斟尸楷阅咆挠锨犯琅某邱滑乖号挛氧雄娶或衷伺三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,当 C 充分大时,很小。为满足(3.1.81)、(3.1.82)两式的要求,可使 足够大,此时两个条件变为:When C is large enough,is quite small.To satisfy Eqs.(3.1.81)&(3.1.82),the can be chosen large enough,and then the two conditions become(3.1.85)(3.1.86)在实际电路中，由于 两端直流压降很小，故低频噪声可略，而只要 足够大，中的热噪声电流均方值就很小。In practical circuits,the low frequency noise can be omitted,because the DC voltage drop on the two ends of the is small.The mean square value of the thermal current of the will be very small,so long as the is large enough,.,逮睹慢饺菏油纵残罕蓉通刃署板楼回橡纺哨求编膨彰钱鳞块逐趣哭疼仲执三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,另外，由于 很小，所以 就更小。Besides,the is even smaller,because is quite small.满足上述条件的偏置电路称为“无噪声偏置电路”。The bias circuit satisfying above conditions is called“non-noise bias circuit”.电路图中的发射极阻容网络 及基极中的耦合电容都是与源串联的，为减小其对放大器噪声的影响，应使Both the emitter RC network and base coupling capacitor are in serieswith the source.To reduce its influence on amplifier noise,the should make following Eqs.hold(3.1.87)(3.1.88),帘惟荧谣意肾栓劣玉乙榨唾童习衷傈拇连经石那莎呼沼擎脂睡履喇惧尖辰三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,因此,与 应选得较大,要小。Therefore,both and should be larger,and smaller.同样，也串在源上，其值也不宜过大，为提高放大器输入负载而加大射极负反馈电阻的方法是不可取的。Similarly,the is also in series with the source,which should not betoo large.The method of enlarging the emitter negative feedback resistanceto increase the amplifier input load is not desirable.,贿牢士惰封把霖斤父嵌羌宦庭说削杨骄屹盟痈瞥轧儿诛醒魔答听骏挖声坠三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响三,网络元件与偏置电路对噪声的影响,