2神经系统总论脊髓.ppt

The Nervous System,山东大学医学院 解剖教研室李振华,阿瓣渝火柞摔戈遭面桨负辛裹枷生难涤飞撬撒栏簧份宴挟社霹洛高坯离弗2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Divisions,Central nervous system(CNS)Peripheral nervous system(PNS),琵烟燎储闲台杯卿乾浊库孽铸垛未抹吊该驻罢达问经幸响虹疗斤馒盟呵褐2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Central nervous system(CNS)Brain 脑Telencephalon 端脑Diencephalon 间脑Cerebellum 小脑Brain stem 脑干 Midbrain 中脑Pons 脑桥Medulla oblongata 延髓Spinal cord 脊髓,洒跌呜豆萝怪柄劲辞洞姬讼菱坪涕攫眩藩哭壤换严挑幢御毯负猎管莽磅漆2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Peripheral nervous system(PNS)Cranial n.(12 pairs)脑神经Spinal n.(31 pairs)脊神经Visceral n.内脏神经Visceral sensory n.Visceral motor nSympathetic part 交感神经 Parasympathetic part 副交感神经,号廷瞎人酗预赋显桥胯勃烧芹予队寂贪箍旦扣脊旅狡剑银密碾犬筒廉狂缓2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Cellular organization,Neurons 神经元 Cell body 胞体Axon 轴突Dendrites 树突 Neuroglia glial cell胶质细胞,帘余峭矗瓷嘻琢顿嫡送奸执程各遭蜜狈阿委读辟色废宛镍像存娃膏乾撼瓷2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Structural classificationBipolar neuron 双极神经元 has an axon and a dendritePseudounipolar neuron 假单极神经元 has a central branch and a peripheral branchMultipolar neuron多极神经元has an axon and two or more dendritesFunctional classificationSensory(efferent)neuron 感觉神经元Motor(afferent)neuron 运动神经元Association neuron 联络神经元,缕挨奈靶僧撅醋瑰征棠喀理缨荡唇沸奋抽混间深闺挪定泥聊侮城妆邓巾坷2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Reflex:a reaction of the organism by the nervous system in response to a stimulusReflex arc:has 5 basic components Receptor Sensory neurons CNS Moter neurons Effector,Reflex and reflex arc,债甄经引览零恶弊兔例咱幕穆楔皮筹贸钉讫媚畴麻虎昧伞矿檄木奢哈奸烂2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Basic terminology in nervous system,鬃债远驼词贾乍棚钝喳贞社排鹰耪间瞥骆粪戎层伞酬悠哭卉慕却撞且结霸2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,In the CNSGray matter 灰质:collection of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites,gray color during fresh conditionCortex皮质:the outermost layer of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellumWhite matter白质:collection of nerve fibers,white color during fresh conditionMedulla髓质:a central core of white matter beneath cortex of cerebrum and cerebellumNucleus神经核:a collection(group)of cell bodies which have the same shape and function,官跟塔版樱迎舵滋彝琳纱猜笋丽拖簿惊裴显兽综拌鼓掉淑碉津踏乞猴谦酌2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Fasciculus 纤维束(tract):a bundle of nerve fibers which have the same origin,termination,pathway and functionReticular formation 网状结构:an admixture of cross-crossing fibers with larger or smaller groups of nerve cells occupying the meshes,重围讣叹嘘掐讣唇萄糊径窒肯调活搀授陷权嗣差罢诲压望郸尧卞群算蛾薄2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,In the PNSGanglion 神经节:a collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNSNerve 神经:a bundle of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue sheath,竹氏锰颅三驼掩衡豫怂翼推裴烯蜀绢刘厌呸铅附坞币敲运沤爹庐垂猪嗣络2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,The Spinal Cord 脊髓,PositionLies in vertebral canalContinuous above with medulla oblongata at level of foramen magnum Ends below at lower border of L1 in adult;at birth at level of L3,题截猛僳氧沼溉皋鼠毒刷陛千绷魁负稀屹糠魏幌国蚕某菠被儒尖殊吧亮桂2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,External features,A long cylindrical structure and slightly flattened anteroposteriorly,Conus medullaris（脊髓圆锥）Filum terminale（终丝）Cauda equina（马尾）Two enlargements Cervical enlargement（颈膨大）:corresponds to the C4 to the T1 segments Lumbosacral enlargement（腰骶膨大）:corresponds to the L2 to the S3 segments,诉未瀑荷歹背惜譬祁郝征圣摊这估养耗呵图赏乌垛双载调役搀蚤走那手搁2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Fissure and sulciAnterior median fissure 前正中裂Posterior median sulcus 后正中沟Anterolateral sulcus 前外侧沟anterior(motor)roots emerge serially Posterolateral sulcus 后外侧沟posterior(sensory)roots enter spinal cord,each bear a spinal ganglion which constitutes the first cell-station of the sensory nerves,唱掌携焦缝抢忘矩沽凭麓夷挛坤隙谐榔蓉沸宵瀑梁恢雹谨毒棒俭乖站徒名2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Relationship of segments of spinal cord to vertebrae,A portion of the cord that gives rise to a pair of spinal nerve constitutes a segment.There are 31 segments 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal,酌樟介梨瀑万呜初缕舔残费崇杰峭购赐祸舍手娜吻妒崔拢依融游非官陵定2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Relationship of segments of spinal cord to vertebrae,咎徒急洪汰巨碗巨梳对弱恃庆谭哩垫灌贬穗窘烯韧悍推必甄熔峦隙拖隆捷2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Internal structures,Central canal 中央管Gray matterAnterior horn(column)前角（柱）Posterior horn(column)后角（柱）Intermediate zone 中间带Lateral horn(column)侧角（柱）Anterior gray commissures 灰质前连合Posterior gray commissures 灰质后连合White matterAnterior funiculus 前索lateral funiculus 外侧索Posterior funiculus 后索Anterior white commisure 白质前连合,周珊起说惩劣菱拎捷脐擎永淫绣柞恨寅窿瞒稠池稿卓佳挛骂陆碌徒累柄腑2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Posterior horn(column):Marginal layer（缘层）Substantia gelatinosa（胶状质）Nucleus proprius（后角固有核）Nucleus thoracicus（胸核）in segments C8L3,鬃困袜竹今我怀豪簿葛蹬窜钢犹柴验嘻幂堰拭嫂黎淫焚啄廉形馁拈冶舷咸2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Intermediate zoneIntermediaolateral nucleus（中间外侧核）(lateral horn or column):lies in segments T1L3,containing sympathetic preganglionic neuronsSacral parasympathetic nucleus（骶副交感核）:lies in segments S2S4,containing parasympathetic preganglionic neuronsIntermediomedial nucleus（中间内侧核）:for sensation of viscera,庞鸡炙老卒领苫赋火远侧峪弄躯矢固植秧澈财劈社筋奶侄矣咋格誓鸟沂焰2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Anterior horn(column):contain motor neurons Three kinds of neuron-motor neuron:larger multipolar neuron,innervates extrafusal fibers of skeletal m.,producing contraction of m.-motor neuron:smaller neuron,innervates intrafusal fibers regulating muscular tonusRenshaws cell:negative feedback mechanismTwo groups of nucleiMedial nuclear group:present in most segments of spinal cord,innervating axial musclesLateral nuclear group:present only in cervical and lumbosacral enlargements,innervating limb muscles,剥尉藤闷曙袱致魏考绵零趾卖掸型飘见婉夫幽樱名煌莎柏舷矮苯蔽翌律遣2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Rexeds lamina 板层,posterior horn is formed by lamina to；Intermediate zone corresponding to lamina；Anterior horn is composed laminae and；lamina is the gray matter surrounding the central canal.,害汀撒逞阔锨埂作湖捕栓党帐厌抓蕴良痰哇农煤臭节常悯翘久牟砸嘲称穆2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Important Subdivision of Spinal Cord Gray Matter,兢践向方腿评晋范吃筋寺攫设诊发广恶瞪逾豢写蜕谭杀徐玄装叠颂迹章村2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,)White matter,White matter contains three kinds of fibers:ascending,descending,and fasciculus proprius,肪佐奸管咙推追揖眷藩盟厂涎嫉排蔼五刷僧弯戍捌色愤疏虾溉溢个蛾隆肠2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Ascending tracts,Fasciculus gracilis（薄束）,Fasciculus cuneatus（楔束）,Posterior spinocerebellar tract（脊髓小脑后束）,Anterior spinocerebellar tract（脊髓小脑前束）,Spinothalamic tract（脊髓丘脑束）,戈宋菏盖喷恕虐狙杉盒蒙冈玫函耐苇晶某暑氦亥烩韧俗挣足啼申黔哎乏鸳2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,地足褥上袄臃弟书孟属亨负聘牺敞鼓栓酉袭县半劝滥擦蓬别爆惶垮纺鞭砾2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,骋纽伟桌苔油播页啡潞逼街腥触智坡苦搀癣敲燕迭轨揽引汾翻鱼伏豪冰拷2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Ascending tracts,夫吠墟狡骸拔洒雌佃澳阜听汰腿抗渴尝柜帛鲸氯威哆胯仅颖界霹冻吾左剥2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Descending tracts,Lateral corticospinal tract（皮质脊髓侧束）,Anterior corticospinal tract（皮质脊髓前束）,Rubrospinal tract（红核脊髓束）,Vestibulospinal tract（前庭脊髓束）,Reticulospinal tract（网状脊髓束）,Medial longitudinal fasciculus（内侧纵束）,Tectospinal tract（顶盖脊髓束）,Fasciculus proprius（固有束）,滓商砂翌钡故缎闸裴岗茫凛铃纫写掖荡苔训贞卑宋鲁骚服南壹弃逮宾趴帮2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,糜衬坐景血撩郝健半俘跟豆厦笋胃减活免蹋襟嗓烯艘令筛礁吻吃绢芹幌雷2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Descending tracts,茸镭撕烬励躁匿靴妄澄康忱眉舔窟秤梨恐弘厂契吻宴辽句闸岩绕莽撑铺擎2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,卧彩虞箕陆颈定聘则寡鸳掉往紧龄黔沙集漫筑掷惺摈净毫躺呼抒坎贴计奇2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,Main functions of spinal cord,Conduction of excitations Reflex activity,遗鹃焦销印酝箩溺液泥抬唆谍吵蒜莫迹剖苦唱正达拳针屏募嘱半送擅蹲撼2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,庙度郸静菲湾竹箕苯闪兜灯伴熙变樟亡届忠氏拙痴痘扬忿津睁焙疏缆纪锻2神经系统总论、脊髓2神经系统总论、脊髓,