番茄花园Chapter3.ppt
Chapter 3,ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES AND DIVERSITY,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and ManagementXidian University,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Definition,Organizational Culture:Basic formShared values and beliefs that enable members to understand their roles and the norms of the organization.2.Edger ScheinA pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptations and internal integration,and that has worked well enough to be considered valid and,therefore,to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive,think,and feel in ralation to those problems.,Characteristics,Observed behavioral regularities,as typified by common language,terminology,and ritualsDominant values that the organization advocates high product and service qualitylow absenteeismNormsamount of work to be done degree of cooperation between management and employees,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Organizational Culture Continued,A philosophy regarding how employees and customers should be treatedRules that dictate the dos and donts of employee behavior relating to:productivitycustomer relationsOrganizational climate How participants interact with each other,conduct themselves with customers,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Organizational Cultures in MNCs,Aspects in determining MNC organizational culture:The relationship between the employees and their organizationThe hierarchical system of authority that defines the roles of managers and subordinatesThe general views that employees hold about the MNCs purpose,destiny,goals,and their places in them4 types of organizational cultures:FamilyEiffel TowerGuided MissileIncubator,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Organizational Cultures,EquityFulfillment-orientedProject-oriented culture culture INCUBATORGUIDED MISSILEPersonTask FAMILY EIFFEL TOWERPower-oriented Role-oriented culture culture Hierarchy,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Family Culture,Strong emphasis on the hierarchy and orientation to the personheaded by a leader who is regarded as a caring parentpersonnel look to leaders for both guidance and approval in exchange for looking after them characterized by traditions,customs,and associations that bind together the personnel and make it difficult for outsiders to become membersEX.)Turkey,Venezuela,China,and Singapore,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Eiffel Tower Culture,Strong emphasis on the hierarchy and orientation to the task-impersonal and efficientJobs are well definedeverything is coordinated from the top.Person holding top position could be replaced at any time without having an effect on the work being doneassessment centers,appraisal systems,training and development programs,and job rotation are common in managing human resources.Ex.)North American and Northwest European countries,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Guided Missile Culture,Strong emphasis on equality in the work place and orientation to the taskTeams and project groups are commonFormal hierarchical considerations are given low priority and individual expertise is of greater importance360-degree feedback systems are commonChange comes quickly Ex.)United States and United Kingdom,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Incubator Culture,Strong emphasis on equality and personal orientationbased on the concept that organizations are secondary to the fulfillment of the individuals within themLittle formal structure-participants are there to perform rolesThis culture is composed of creative work teamsChange is fast and spontaneousLeadership is achieved,not gained by positionEx.)entrepreneurial companies,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Managing Multiculturalism and Diversity,Phases of Multicultural DevelopmentPhase I-Domestic corporationsPhase II-International corporationsPhase III-Multinational corporationsPhase IV-Global corporations,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Types of MulticulturalismDomestic Multiculturalism Group MulticulturalismHomogeneous groups Token groups Bicultural groupsMulticultural groups Potential Problems Associated with DiversityMistrust of othersPerceptions and preconceived stereotypesInaccurate biasesMiscommunication(misunderstandings&different uses of time),Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Advantages of DiversityGeneration of more and better ideasPrevents“groupthink”Culturally diverse groups can enhance creativity,lead to better decisions,and result in more effective and productive performance,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,Using the Proper Guidelines,1.Team members must be selected for their task-related abilities and not solely based on ethnicity-Routine Task-want homogeneity.Innovative task-want multiculturalism2.Team members must recognize and be prepared to deal with their differences-.recognize their own stereotypes3.diverse teams tend to have more difficulty agreeing on their purpose and task than members of homogenous groups.the team leader must help the group to identify and define its overall goal,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,4.Members must have equal power so that everyone can participate in the process5.all members have mutual respect for each other 6.Managers must give positive feedback on processes and output,Organizational Cultures and Diversity,School of Economics and Management Xidian University,THANK YOUR ATTENTION,
