定义Negation作为一种翻译技巧它主要是指在翻译实践.ppt
正说反译，反说正译法,组员：陆福慧 花丹妮,定义：Negation作为一种翻译技巧，它主要是指在翻译实践中，为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定的说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。因此，在译文技巧中的negation译成“正说反译，反说正译”。,1.Negation in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉的正反交替（1）英语为肯定，汉语译作否定；（2）英语为否定，汉语译作肯定；（3）译作肯定否定均可；（4）强调性双重否定；（5）迂回式肯定；（6）否定的陷阱。2.Negation in Chinese-English Translation汉译英的正反交替（1）根据英语习惯用法译作肯定或否定；（2）从强调或修辞角度考虑肯定或否定；（3）用正反交替传达原文的确切意思。,英语的否定类型可以分为四类：完全否定 部分否定 半否定 部分否定及带否定意义的词语English negative words and expression fall into the following categories:(1)Full negatives:no,not,none,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor;(2)Semi negatives:hardly,scarcely,seldom,barely,few,little,ect;（3）partial negatives:not every,not all,not both,not much,not many,not always;(4)Words with negative implication:fail,without,beyond,until,unless,lest,ignorant,refuse,etc.,1.Affirmative in English,but Negative in Chinese,英语为肯定，汉语译作否定,e.g.,He denied it to be the case.（v.）,他说事实不是这样。,It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.(prep.),他无权签订这种合同。,They fell great anxiety about his sickness.(n.),他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。,If it worked once,it can work twice.(sentence),一次得手，再次不愁。,2.Negative in English,but Affirmative in Chinese.英语为否定，汉语译作肯定,e.g.,The doubt was still unresolved after his repeated explanation.(adj.),经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。,All the articles in the museum are untouchable.（adj.）,博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。,Dont lose time in posing this letter.(phrase),赶快把这封信寄出去。,He carelessly glanced through the note and then left.(adv.),他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。,3.Same English Word,Either Affirmative or NegativeEquivalents in Chinese译作肯定否定均可,e.g.,Im new to the work.,这工作我是新手。/这工作我不熟悉。,He is free with his money.,他花钱大手大脚。/他花钱从不吝啬。,Its no less than a fraud.,这简直是一场骗局。/这无异于一场骗局。,4.Double Negative for Emphasis强调性双重否定,e.g.,There is no rule that has no exception.,任何规则都无不例外。,It never rains but it pours.,不雨则已，雨必倾盆。,It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.,人不会不犯错。,5.Roundabout Affirmative迂回式肯定,He didnt half like the girl.,他非常喜欢那个姑娘。,I couldt feel better.,我觉得身体好极了。,I couldt agree with you more.,我太赞成你的看法了。,He cant see you quick enough.,他很想尽快见到你。,6.Some Traps in Negative Structures否定的陷阱,e.g.,(1)notbecase,The engine didnt stop becase the fuel was finished.,引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。,Gates didnt drop out becase he wanted to avoidwork but to start his company.,盖茨辍学不是想逃避学业。而是为了开办自己的公司。,(2)cannottoo,The importance of this conference cannot beoverestimated.,这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。,I shall never be able to stress too much yourKindness.,不管我怎么感谢你，都不足以报恩以万一。,（3）all/eveynot,All that glitters is not gold.,发光的不一定都是金子。,No,everything is not straightened out.,不，并非每一个问题都弄清楚了,（4）both.not,But you see,we both cannot go.,但是我要告诉你，我们两不能同时都走。,（5）for all one care/konw,You may leave at once for all I care.,你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢。,（6）It be+adj.+noun.+that,It is a long lane that has no end.,路必有弯。（凡事总会有变化，不会永远不变）,It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.,坏事未必对人人都有害处。,概念回顾正译法和反译法：所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。（正译与反译常常具有同义的效果）,汉译英中的正说反译，反说正译,七、汉译英正说反译法,汉语中有些词语是肯定（正说）的，但译成英语却是否定（反说）的。例如：1）她铺上一块洁净的白桌布，又去取来些葡萄。She unfolded a clean white table cloth and went to fetch some grapes(动词)2）在希腊人的生活中，奴隶制是得到默许的。Slavery was implicit in Greek life.（形容词）3）她非常勉强地来了。She came very unwillingly（副词）,4）这家机构因公正在国际上享有声誉。The agency enjoys an international reputation for impartiality（名词）5）她光着脚走进了房间。She came into the room with no shoes on（介词短语）6）尼克松是个彻底的现实主义者。Nixon was nothing if not a realist（短语）,八、汉译英反说正译法,汉语中有些词语是否定（反说）的。但译成英语却是肯定（正说）的。例如：1）风景之美，非任何言语所能形容。The beauty of the scenery passes all power of description（动词）2）星期四对我来说不方便，我们星期二碰头好吗？Thursday is rather awkward for meCould we meet on Tuesday？（形容词）3）他们的会面即使说不上轻松愉快，也是亲切的。Their meeting is cordial，if hardly relaxed（副词）,4）他刚一走开，她就把汤姆穿着去当海盗的那件破得不成样子的上衣取出来。The moment he was gone，she ran to a closet and got out the ruin of a jacket which Tom had gone pirating in（名词）5）他提前三天到达是我们没有想到的。His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation（短语）6）毋庸置疑，中国的航空航天工业在过去的四十年中已取得了辉煌的成就。It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in aviation and space industry in the last forty years（从句）,五、关于正反、反正表达法的两点说明 1、在运用正反、反正表达法进行英汉、汉英翻译否定词或含有否定意义的词语时，在翻译的过程中有的保持了原来的词性和句法作用，有些则词性和句法作用都发生了变化。（请观察比较以上例子）2、有时，英语中的正说译成汉语中的正说或反说均无不可。例如：The government had something of a case 政府也不是完全没有理由的。（政府也有一定的理由。）,thank you!,
