j涵洞墙身井点降水方案.doc

涵洞轻型井点降水施工方案工程名称：龙九路油田道路改造工程编 制：审 核：大庆油田路桥工程有限责任公司第五工程处2013年4月26日62目 录1概述- 1 -1.1 编制依据- 1 -1.2 盖板涵工程概况- 1 -1.3 水文地质情况- 1 -1.4 工期计划- 2 -2轻型井点降水法施工- 2 -2.1 方案比选- 2 -2.2 工作原理- 2 -2.3 轻型井点降水设计- 3 -2.3.1、井点管的埋设深度- 4 -2.3.2、需井点管数量- 4 -2.3.3、基坑涌水量计算- 3 -2.3.4、抽水设备选用- 5 -2.4 降水井施工工艺- 5 -2.5 轻型井点施工- 5 -2.5.1施工准备- 5 -2.5.2、井点安装- 6 -2.5.3、抽水- 8 -3 质量标准及质量保证措施- 9 -3.1 质量标准- 9 -3.2 质量保证措施- 10 -4 危险点分析- 11 -4.1 电源线老化漏电伤人。- 11 -4.2塌方- 11 -4.3机械伤害- 11 -4.4高处坠落- 11 -5安全生产及文明施工措施- 11 -6环保措施- 12 -1概述1.1 编制依据1.1.1.施工现场踏勘获得的资料1.1.2.图纸路-121611.1.3.龙九路施工组织设计1.2 盖板涵工程概况 龙九路是让胡路区地区区域路网东西方向的主要交通干道。属于城市中心区交通密集路段、修建路段起子创业大道与龙九路交界处，途径世纪家园、龙南公安分局、景园中学、西寨小区等终至中央大街；长2.786km。 本工程设有涵洞加长5道，共56米。具体位置为：K2+608、K2+698,K2+712,K3+706,K3+716。由于地下水位高，因此在基坑开挖前需要对以上五道涵都进行井点降水。1.3 水文地质情况 该线路位于的地表局部分布有素填土，其下分布淤泥质粉质黏土、粉质黏土、黏土、粉砂，承载力由90kPa210kPa不等。本涵基底位于粉质粘土层上，地基容许承载力180kPa，该地区地下水比较丰富，加大了施工的难度，因此采用轻型井点降水法施工。1.4 工期计划本盖板涵井点降水工程开工、完工时间以满足工期要求为准。分两阶段降水，第一阶段2013.5.15-2013.5.25 第二阶段2013.5.28-2013.6.12轻型井点降水法施工2.1 方案比选方案一 真空预压和堆载预压处理方案真空预压和堆载预压适合处理软土地基，但工期一般在1个月以上，而且经过真空预压和堆载预压处理的地基承载力一般不超过12t/m2。地基承载力要求1520t,因此真空预压和堆载预压无法满足本工程的设计要求。方案二 抛石积淤法本工程吹填区吹填厚度在2.03.0m左右，要想上车强夯，需要抛2.0m厚左右的山石。每平方米增加造价，造价昂贵。方案三 化学（注浆）加固法高压旋喷注浆法2m深的钻孔每孔费用造价也较高；另外对表层无法加固。所以此法也被弃用。方案四 轻型井点降水法高真空击密法处理软土地基一个周期一般在1天至2天，比真空预压缩短工期接近2/3。经过轻型井点降水法工期短，造价低，相对于化学法和抛石挤淤法节省造价一半。经过比选，认为轻型井点降水法。2.2 工作原理在基础工程施工中经常会遇到地下水的问题，基坑面积大，深度大时更为棘手，如果施工措施不当，就会造成不同程度的经济损失和人员伤亡，这种情况屡见不鲜。轻型井点是沿基坑四周每隔一定距离埋入井点管（直径30-50MM，长5-7M的塑料管）至蓄水层内，利用抽水设备将地下水从井点管内不停抽出，使原有地下水降至坑底以下。在施工过程中要不断的抽水，直至施工完毕。2.3 轻型井点降水设计2.3.3、基坑涌水量计算按无压非完整井环形点系统,基坑远离边界时涌水量计算公式进行计算:Q=1.366*K*(H2-(H+h)/2)2/lg(1+R/r0)+(H+h/2-L)*L*lg(1+0.2(H+h/2)/r0)K：渗透系数，经实测K=8m/dR：抽水影响半径，R=30（m）r0：基坑假想半径，r0=15（m）H: 潜水含水层厚度,H=6h:要求降深面标高到含水层底面标高的距离,h=1.5M:由含水层底板到过滤器有效工作部分中点的长度,M=2L:过滤器进水部分长度,L=1得基坑涌水量Q：Q=43(m3/d）2.3.1、井点管的埋设深度由于现基坑土方开挖标高至147.060（绝对标高为1.5m），为确保施工安全以及施工时不出现流沙管涌等现象，施工范围内的基础土体含水率不能过大，所以井点管管底标高应至41.27一下，即轻型井点的深度为：现基坑低面标高147.060m至41.27深度。经计算，管井的平均深度按1.5m考虑。 基坑中心点水位降深(S)计算S=H-（H2-Q/(1.366*K)*lg(R+r0)-1/n*lg(r1*r2*rn)(1/2)r1*r2*rn:各井距基坑中心或各井中心处的距离之积(r1*r2*rn)n:降水井的数量(n)2.3.2、需井点管数量轻型井点理论有效作用半径为：1015m，井点间距多为1.2m1.8m，目前，从有效降水并节省成本的角度考虑，轻型井点降水的布置：、沿基坑四周，约1.5m布置轻型井点环闭圈。、用直径50mm的塑料管将每根竖管连接形成封闭布置圈，最后连接到真空泵上。、降水井的数量n=1.1*Q/q1设计单井出水量q1，管井出水量qq=120*3.14*rs*L*K(1/3)(rs是滤水器半径）、计算管的总量2.3.4、抽水设备选用抽水设备所带动的总管长度为64m。选用W5型干式真空泵。所需的最低真空度为：hk=10×(6+1.0)=70(KPa)所需水泵流量：Q1=1.1Q=1.1×570.6=628（m3/d）=26（m3/h）所需水泵的吸水扬程：Hs³6+1.0=7(m)根据Q1、Hs查表得知可选用2B31型离心泵。2.4 降水井施工工艺降水井成孔采用冲孔机械成孔，但由于冲击成孔效率较低，先由人工先清理块石层障碍，再安排冲击钻机进场。管井成孔工艺场地平整井位放线人工清理块石障碍复核桩位开挖浆池、浆沟护筒埋设桩机就位、孔位校正冲击造孔、泥浆循环、清除废浆、泥渣终孔验收下滤水井管和填充砂砾抽水。2.5 轻型井点施工2.5.1施工准备施工机具1）滤管：3855，壁厚为3.0mm的无缝钢管或镀锌管，长2.0m左右，一端用厚为4.0mm的钢板焊死，在此端1.4m长范围内，在管壁上钻15mm的小圆孔，孔距为25mm，外包两层滤网，滤网采用编织布，外部再包一层网眼较大的尼龙丝网，每隔5060mm用10号铅丝绑扎一道，滤管另一端与井点管进行连接。2）井点管：3855，壁厚为3.0mm的无缝钢管或镀锌管。3）连接管：透明管或胶皮管，与井点管和总管连接，采用8号铅丝绑扎，应扎紧以防漏气。4）总管：75102钢管，壁厚为4.0mm，用法兰盘加橡胶垫圈连接，防止漏气、漏水。5）抽水设备：根据设计配备离心泵、真空泵或射流泵，以及机组配件和水箱。6）移动机具：自制移动式井架(采用旧设备振冲机架)、牵引力为6t的绞车。7）凿孔冲击管：219×8的钢管，其长度为10m。8）水枪：50×5无缝钢管，下端焊接一个16的枪头喷嘴，上端弯成大约直角，且伸出冲击管外，与高压胶管连接。9）蛇形高压胶管：压力应达到1.50MPa以上。10）高压水泵：100TSW-7高压离心泵，配备一个压力表，作下井管之用。2、材料粗砂与豆石，不得采用中砂，严禁使用细砂，以防堵塞滤管网眼。3、技术准备1）详细查阅工程地质勘察报告，了解工程地质情况，分析降水过程中可能出现的技术问题及采取的措施。2）凿孔设备与抽水设备检查。4、平整场地为了节省机械施工费用，不使用履带式吊车，采用碎石桩振冲设备自制简易井架，因此场地平整度要高一些，设备进场前进行场地平整，以便于井架在场地内移动。2.5.2、井点安装1）安装程序井点放线定位安装高压水泵凿孔安装埋设井点管布置安装总管井点管与总管连接安装抽水设备试抽与检查正式投入降水程序。2）井点管埋设a根据建设单位提供的测量控制点，测量放线确定井点位置，然后在井位先挖一个小土坑，深大约500mm，以便于冲击孔时集水、埋管时灌砂，并用水沟将小坑与集水坑连接，以便排泄多余水。b用绞车将简易井架移到井点位置，将套管水枪对准井点位置，启动高压水泵，水压控制在0.40.8MPa，在水枪高压水射流冲击下套管开始下沉，并不断地升降套管与水枪。一般含砂的粘土，按经验，套管落距在1000mm之内，在射水与套管冲切作用下，大约在1015min时间之内，井点管可下沉10m左右，若遇到较厚的纯粘土时，沉管时间要延长，此时可增加高压水泵的压力，以达到加速沉管的速度。冲击孔的成孔直径应达到300350mm，保证管壁与井点管之间有一定间隙，以便于填充砂石，冲孔深度应比滤管设计安置深度低500mm以上，以防止冲击套管提升拔出时部分土塌落，并使滤管底部存有足够的砂石。凿孔冲击管上下移动时应保持垂直，这样才能使井点降水井壁保持垂直，若在凿孔时遇到较大的石块和砖块，会出现倾斜现象，此时成孔的直径也应尽量保持上下一致。井孔冲击成型后，应拔出冲击管，通过单滑轮，用绳索提起井点管插人井孔，井点管的上端应用木塞塞住，以防砂石或其他杂物进入，井在井点管与孔壁之间填灌砂石滤层。该砂石滤层的填充质量直接影响轻型井点降水的效果，应注意以下几点：（1）砂石必须采用粗砂，以防止堵塞滤管的网眼。（2）滤管应放置在井孔的中间，砂石滤层的厚度应在60100mm之间，以提高透水性，并防止土粒渗入滤管堵塞滤管的网眼。填砂厚度要均匀，速度要快，填砂中途不得中断，以防孔壁塌土。3、砂石滤层的填充高度，至少要超过滤管顶以上10001800mm厂-般应填至原地下水位线以上，以保证土层水流上下畅通。4、井点填砂后，井口以下1.01.5m用粘土封口压实，防止漏气而降低降水效果。3）冲洗井管将1530mm的胶管插入井点管底部进行注水清洗，直到流出清水为止。应逐根进行清洗，避免出现“死井”。4）管路安装首先沿井点管线外侧，铺设集水毛管，并用胶垫螺栓把干管连接起来，主干管连接水箱水泵，然后拔掉井点管上端的木塞，用胶管与主管连接好，再用10#铅丝绑好，防止管路不严漏气而降低整个管路的真空度。主管路的流水坡度按坡向泵房5的坡度并用砖将主干管垫好。并做好冬季降水防冻保温。5）检查管路检查集水-下管与井点管连接的胶管的各个接头在试抽水时是否有漏气现象，发现这种情况应重新连接或用油腻子堵塞，重新拧紧法兰盘螺栓和胶管的铅丝，直至不漏气为止。在正式运转抽水之前必须进行试抽，以检查抽水设备运转是否正常，管路是否存在漏气现象。在水泵进水管上安装一个真空表，在水泵的出水管上安装一个压力表。为了观测降水深度，是否达到施工组织设计所要求的降水深度，在基坑中心设置一个观测井点，以便于通过观测井点测量水位，并描绘出降水曲线。在试抽时，应检查整个管网的真空度，应达到550mmHg(73.33kPa)，方可正式投入抽水2.5.3、抽水轻型井点管网全部安装完毕后进行试抽。当抽水设备运转一切正常后，整个抽水管路无漏气现象，可以投入正常抽水作业。开机7d后将形成地下降水漏斗，井趋向稳定，土方工程可在降水10d后开挖。三、注意事项：1、土方挖掘运输车道不设置井点，这不影响整体降水效果。2、在正式开工前，由电工及时办理用电手续，保证在抽水期间不停电。抽水应连续进行，特别是开始抽水阶段，时停时抽，会导致井点管的滤网阻塞。同时由于中途长时间停止抽水，造成地下水位上升，会引起土方边坡塌方等事故。3、轻型井点降水应经常进行检查，其出水规律应“先大后小，先浑后清”。若出现异常情况，应及时进行检查。4、在抽水过程中，应经常检查和调节离心泵的出水阀门以控制流水量，当地下水位降到所要求的水位后，要减少出水阀门的出水量，尽量使抽吸与排水保持均匀，达到细水长流。5、真空度是轻型井点降水能否顺利进行降水的主要技术指数，现场设专人经常观测。若抽水过程中发现真空度不足，应立即检查整个抽水系统有无漏气环节，并应及时排除。6、在抽水过程中，特别是开始抽水时，应检查有无井点管淤塞的死井，可通过管内水流声、管子表面是否潮湿等方法进行检查。如“死井”数量超过10%，则严重影响降水效果，应及时采取措施，采用高压水反复冲洗处理。7、在打井点之前应勘测现场，采用洛阳铲凿孔，若发现场内有旧基础、隐性墓地等应及早上报。8、如粘土层较厚，沉管速度会较慢，如超过常规沉管时间时，可增大水泵压力，但不要超过1.5MPa。9、主干管流水坡度流向水泵方向。10、如在冬季施工，应做好主干管保温，防止受冻。11、基坑周围上部应挖好水沟，防止雨水流入基坑。12、井点位置应距坑边22.5m，以防止井点设置影响坑边土坡的稳定性。水泵抽出的水应按施工方案设置的明沟排出，离基坑越远越好，以防止渗下回流，影响降水效果。13、如场地粘土层较厚，这将影响降水效果，因为粘土的透水性能差，上层水不易渗透下去采取套管和水枪在井点轴线范围之外打孔，用埋设井点管相同成孔作业方法，井内填满粗砂，形成二至三排砂桩，使地层中上下水贯通。在抽水过程中，由于下部抽水，上层水由于重力作用和抽水产生的负压，上层水系很容易漏下去，将水抽走。3 质量标准及质量保证措施3.1 质量标准表3-1：质量标准序号检查项目允许偏差检查方法1过滤器骨架管孔隙率（%）15用钢尺检查2滤料规格，D50=砂（d50）石（d20）土料含水层倍数68取土样做筛分试验3井管插入深度(mm)200水准仪4过滤砂砾料填灌（%）5检查回填料用量5井点真空度（kPa）>60真空度表6井管间距(mm)150用钢尺检查7抽排水含砂量（体积比）<1/10000取水样做试验8井管垂直度(%)1插管时目测9降水深度层中等风化玄武岩面稳定24h3.2 质量保证措施（1）、轻型井点、总排水管坐标及高程控制点经基准点引测，检查验收合格后进行布点接管，保证井点坐标位置，及每条排水总管的排水坡度。（2）、为了保证达到有效降水，机械型号、功率须达到方案要求。并现场配有备用泵。（3）、在施工区域设有降水观察孔，掌握了解降水情况，保证降水效果。（4）、井点降水设备正常工作后，应设置专人24小时不间隔值班，以防出现异常应及时修复。（5）、在临近本工程的边基坑及周围道路上设置沉降观测点；开始降水时，应缓慢进行，防止降水速度过快，影响边基坑及周围道路地基发生不均匀沉降；随时观察边基坑及周围道路沉降情况，控制降水速度。4 危险点分析4.1 电源线老化漏电伤人。预防措施：根据水泵电机电流量配置相应电源线，做到一闸一机，漏电保护器动作灵活，交接班时对漏电保护器进行试动作，防止因长时间运行而失灵。4.2塌方预防措施：设置专人巡视基坑边坡的稳定性，防止土方坍塌事故发生。4.3机械伤害预防措施：由经考核合格的专业工人进行布点接管施工，有专业执业资格的管理人员进行管理，防止机械伤害。4.4高处坠落预防措施：在基坑四周设置红白相间警示栏杆，防止车辆、人员坠入坑内。5安全生产及文明施工措施1、进入施工现场的作业人员，必须正确佩戴安全帽及穿戴好劳动防护用品。2、如有交叉作业应设专人监护或有防护措施，否则严禁施工，以免发生物体打击及碰撞事故。3、夜间施工安全照明必须充足。4、文明施工责任区划分明确，无死角，责任落实，并设有明显标记，便于检查、监督。5、施工用机械、设备完好、清洁，安全操作规程齐全，操作人员持证上岗，并熟悉机械性能和工作条件。6、施工现场在施工过程中出现 的各种坑、沟、孔洞，应根据实际情况，设置标准的与地平行的安全沟道盖板或可靠的围栏、档脚板或警告标志。7、拉电源时，严禁将电线直接勾挂在闸刀上或直接插入插座内使用，必须用插头连接。8、经常组织施工人员进行安全文明施工学习，使每位施工人员掌握安全文明施工知识，不断地提高安全文明施工意识，做到安全生产文明施工。9、由于井点降水处于湿工作状态下，电源安全装置须达到三级保护要求。6环保措施1、井点施工产生的泥浆、弃土应及时清运，运输时必须覆盖，避免产生扬尘和遗撒。2、排出的地下水应经过沉淀处理后方可排入专用管道。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. I