语法精讲系列(四).ppt

语法精讲系列（四）情态动词和虚拟语气,1.(2012重庆高考)_ you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir,but its urgent.A.Can B.Should C.Must D.Would【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意：你非要现在打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？很抱歉，先生，但是这件事情太紧急了。can 表示“能够，许可”；should表示“应该”；must表示“非要，偏偏”，多指令人不快的事；would表示意愿。故选C。,2.(2012辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A.might B.could C.shall D.will【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们其中的一项规定就是每个学生在校期间应该穿校服。A项表示“可能，也许”；B项表示能力或可能性；C项用于第三人称的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定;D项表示意愿。故选C。,3.(2012四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I said“Ni Hao”,just as I _ do in China.A.must B.might C.can D.should【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们很近，听到他们正在说中文，我就说了“你好”，像我可能会在中国做的那样。might表示可能性的推测，意为“或许，可能，大概”；must必须，必定；can 能够；should 应该。根据句意应选B项。,4.(2012江西高考)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A.may not B.needntC.cant D.mustnt【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们没必要买如此多的食物。情态动词+have done结构在此句子中表示对过去事情的推测、遗憾、责备等，neednt have bought意思是“本没必要买”。A项意为“可能不”；B项意为“没必要”；C项意为“一定不会”；D项意为“一定不要”。故选B。,5.(2010天津高考)Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.couldnt【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意：马克本来没必要那么匆忙的。经过高速驾驶之后,他提前半小时到达了。根据后面的语境,提前半小时到达,说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙,所以用neednt have done 结构,表示“本来没必要做某事而实际上做了”。故选A。,6.(2010山东高考)I _ have watched that movie-itll give me horrible dreams.A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done sth.,所以A项正确。,7.(2010安徽高考)Jack described his father,who _ a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.A.would be B.would have been C.must be D.must have been【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人,他的父亲多年前肯定是一个勇敢的男孩。用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。故选D。,8.(2011安徽高考)What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally,I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A.will never replace B.would never replaceC.will never be replaced D.would never be replaced【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意:你对将来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到要用被动语态，选C。,9.(2011浙江高考)Hows your new babysitter?We _ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.A.should B.might C.mustnt D.couldnt【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们都很喜欢她。should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。,10.(2012陕西高考)I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A.wont B.cant C.can D.will【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：我们离开家期间，您对我儿子的所有帮助，我感激不尽。cant thank you too much=cant thank you enough 表示“怎么感激也不为过，感激不尽”，所以B项符合题意。,11.(2012湖南高考)Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.A.have had B.had hadC.have D.had【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：抱歉，我现在太忙了。要是有时间的话我一定会和你一起出去逛逛。本题if引导的虚拟条件句表示对现在事实的虚拟。故if条件句中用一般过去时。D项为一般过去时，符合题意。A项为现在完成时；B项为过去完成时；C项为一般现在时。,12.(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A.is B.wereC.has been D.had been【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当作是钢铁做的那样处理。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气；与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。,13.(2012安徽高考)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.lives B.would liveC.has lived D.were to live【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果住在那里就不能经常见到父母了。主句说明了客观事实，if从句是对将来事实的假设，故在条件状语从句中用were to live。,14.(2012陕西高考)If my car _ more reliable,I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A.was B.had beenC.should be D.would be【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：假如我的车再可靠点的话，去年夏天我就不会坐飞机而是自驾去拉萨了。根据时间状语last summer 可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。所以if从句用“had done”,主句用“would have done”。,15.(2012福建高考)We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A.visited B.had visitedC.would visit D.would have visited【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在那个小村庄里迷路了，否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜。此题考查对过去某种情况否定的假设。因为昨天迷路，所以昨天没有参观更多地方。故谓语动词用would have done。,16.(2012北京高考)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?A.should face B.might faceC.could have faced D.must have faced【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：我们本来可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我呢？由第二个分句可知，实际情况是“你”没告诉“我”此事，“我们”没能共同面对困难，所以此处是对过去客观事实的虚拟，应用情态动词could have done；而must have done是对过去的推测。,17.(2011全国卷)They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。will have done是将来完成时，不表示推测；can表示对过去的事情推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。,18.(2010江苏高考)George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A.focus B.focusedC.would focus D.had focused【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。would rather后应用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,用动词的过去式。,19.(2010湖北高考)Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ at the meeting.A.was discussed B.discuss C.would be discussed D.be discussed【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：约翰逊先生坚持说那个值得关注的问题应该在会上讨论。“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,从句结构是“should”(可省略)+动词原形,主语“problem”是要“被讨论”。故选D。,20.(2011北京高考)Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A.werent B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：孩子们在哪里？晚饭都要彻底毁了。但愿他们别老是迟到。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气从句要用过去时，故选A。,一、情态动词考点 1 9大情态动词的基本用法 考查指数,考点 2 3组易混情态动词用法比较 考查指数,考点 3 5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较 考查指数,二、虚拟语气考点1 状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 考查指数1.条件状语从句(1)条件与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去式(be多用were)；主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形。例If I had time,I would go there.(2)条件与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时had+过去分词;主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave+过去分词。例If you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.,(3)条件与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do/were to do/一般过去式(be多用were)；主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形。例If it should rain/were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.,2.目的状语从句(1)so that/in order that 从句：从句谓语用can/could/may/might动词原形。例We got up early in order that we could catch the first bus.(2)for fear that/in case that 从句：从句谓语用should动词原形，意为“以防，万一”。例We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(3)lest从句：从句谓语用should 动词原形，意为“以防万一”。例We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.,3.方式状语从句as if/as though 从句：(1)与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；(2)与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；(3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。【点津】as if/as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气例She speaks English as if/though she were a native of New York.(虚拟语气)It seems as if he doesnt know her.(可能的事实),考点2 名词性从句及定语从句中虚拟语气的用法考查指数1.主语从句中的虚拟语气It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/a pity+that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。例Its strange that she(should)make so much trouble.,2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用“(should)动词原形”。建议：动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend；命令：order,command；要求：动词request,require,demand,ask,insist。例It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.【点津】suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气;insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,(2)I wish(that)宾语从句(虚拟语气)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时;例How he wishes that he were a bird!表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时;例We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/would 动词原形。例We wish we would live on the moon one day.,(3)would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时；例I would rather you were not here with me now.表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。例I would rather you hadnt done that.,3.表语从句和同位语从句中的两种虚拟语气(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should+)动词原形”。例He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained.,(2)as if/though引导的表语从句过去时表现在过去进行时表现在进行过去完成时表过去could/might/would+动词原形表将来例It looks as if he were 10 years younger today.It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week.,4.定语从句中的虚拟语气Its(about/high/very)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式或 should do,should 不能省略)，意为“某人该做某事了”。例Its time that we should go/went home.,考点3 3种特殊的虚拟语气结构 考查指数,【模拟题组】1.(2013杭州模拟)Try as you _,he wont listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking.A.can B.may C.dare D.will【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意：尽管你尽力了，他是不会听吸烟潜在危害的忠告的。在让步状语从句中，用may/might，故选B。,2.(2013桂林模拟)What is a left-luggage office?It is a place where luggage _ be left for a certain period of time,especially at a bus or a train station.A.can B.should C.must D.will【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意：什么是行李寄存室？它是行李可能在某一段时间内被存放的地方，尤其是在公共汽车站或火车站。此处can表推测，意为：可能会。should应该；must必须；will将会，根据句意，A最佳。,3.(2013吉林模拟)Students _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A.may B.shall C.need D.can【解析】选B。考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：学生们应该待在自己的位置上，直到所有的试卷都收起来。此题是一种命令、规定，而shall 表示这种情况，故选B。,4.(2013贵阳模拟)Have you checked the engine?Yes,I did twice.There _ be anything wrong with the car.A.wont B.mustntC.neednt D.shouldnt【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你检查引擎了吗？是的，我检查了两遍。这车不应该有任何故障。wont不会；mustnt千万别；neednt没必要；shouldnt不应该，根据句意，已经检查了两遍，所以选D。,5.(2013邯郸模拟)What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.A.must B.can C.will D.should【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你的意思是只有10张票了？应该有12张。此处should表推测，指情理之中的事。故选D。,6.(2013太原模拟)He _ the first place again,in which case,his mother will be more than happy.A.cant win B.would have won C.might win D.could have won【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意：他可能又获得了第一名，如果那样的话，他的母亲会很高兴。此处might表推测，对现在情况的推测，关键是主句用了将来时，B、D两项都是对过去情况的推测，A项表不可能，不符合题意，故选C。,7.(2013郑州模拟)I wonder why Tom is late again.Well，he _ his train,or maybe overslept.A.might miss B.may have missedC.should miss D.must have missed【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。答语句意：噢，他可能错过了火车或睡过了头。此处may+have done表示对过去事实的推测。故选B。,8.(2013杭州模拟)At a construction site in our city the workers have uncovered an ancient wall that _ to keep the enemy out of the city,but it requires further evidence.A.might have functioned B.would have functionedC.must have functioned D.should have functioned【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：在市里的一处工地上，工人们挖出了一道以前可能是用来御敌的城墙，但这还有待进一步验证。might have done 意为“过去可能是做什么的”，是对过去行为不太肯定的猜测。根据句意选A。,9.(2013青岛模拟)We apologize for any inconvenience you _ have been caused by the delay of the flight.A.may B.would C.must D.need【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意：我们为航班延误可能给您带来的不便致歉。may have done(过去)可能做过某事；would have done用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句中；must have done一定做过某事；need have done通常用疑问或否定形式。故选A。,10.(2013郑州模拟)I have just received another message,telling me I have won a big prize.Dont jump on it.You _.A.should be cheated B.must have been cheated C.are cheating D.must have cheated【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：我刚刚收到另外一条信息，告诉我说我赢得了一个大奖。别太天真了。你一定被骗了。别人欺骗你，你是被欺骗的。故选B。,11.Dad,iPhone 5 is coming to market.Would you please buy me one?Your birthday is coming and you _ have one for your birthday.A.must B.need C.may D.shall【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意：爸爸，iPhone 5就要上市了，你能给我买一个吗？你的生日快到了，你过生日时会给你买一个的。shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句表警告、命令、允诺、威胁或按法律、条约、规章等必须遵守履行的责任义务。,12.(2013保定模拟)She _ well let out the secret，for she looked very upset when seeing me.A.can B.may C.must D.shall【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意：她不妨说出那个秘密，因为她看见我时显得很难过。此处考查may well的用法，属于固定搭配，意为：不妨。故选B。,13.(2013兰州模拟)Mary looks hot and dry.So _ you if you had a high fever.A.do B.are C.will D.would【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽看起来非常的燥热。如果你发高烧你也这样。根据句意，句子时态用了一般现在时，后面句子表示对现在的虚拟，从句用过去时，主句用would+动词原形，本句用了倒装语序，故选D。,14.If you hadnt taken such a long time to make up,wed _ there by now.A.be B.areC.have been D.will be【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你不花费那么多时间化妆的话，我们现在就到那儿了。该句也是一个复杂条件句(或称作混合虚拟条件句)。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是A。,15.If I had seen the movie,I _ you all about it now.A.would tell B.will tellC.have told D.would have told【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我看过这部电影，现在我就全告诉你了。这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在(now)情况的假设，故用would tell形式。故选A。,16.I apologize if I _ you,but I assure you it was unintentional.A.offend B.had offended C.should have offended D.might have offended【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我冒犯了你，我向你道歉，但是我保证不是故意的。此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，根据主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句表示对过去的假设。故选B。,17.(2013济宁模拟)I didnt go to the art show,because I lost my ticket.You _ have borrowed mine.I didnt go to see it anyway.A.might B.need C.could D.must【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：我没去参观艺术展，因为我的票丢了。你可以借我的呀，反正我又不去。根据句子，事情发生在过去，表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句用could have done形式，故选C。,18.(2013上饶模拟)I cant thank you too much for your kindness because without your help I _ have won the first prize in the speech contest.A.cant B.shouldnt C.might not D.couldnt【解析】选D。句意：你太好了，非常感谢，因为要是没有你的帮助，我就不会在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，故用couldnt have done,选D。,19.(2013南昌模拟)“They didnt take measures in time,otherwise the explosions _.”Some experts said.A.wouldnt happenB.didnt happenC.wouldnt have happenedD.mustnt have happened【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：“他们没有及时采取措施，否则的话就不会出现这几次爆炸。”一些专家说道。otherwise 引出相反的结果(猜测)，表达与过去事实相反的情况，故选C。,20.(2013邯郸模拟)Had the calculations been done by hand,all practical value _ by the time they were finished.A.had lost B.would loseC.should have lost D.would have lost【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：这些计算，要是手工完成的话，等到完成就失去了实用价值。此句因if被省略，所以从句用倒装语序Had the calculations been done by hand且是过去完成时，故主句用would have done的形式。故选D。,21.If you _ Jerry Brown until recently,youd think the photograph on the right was strange.A.shouldnt contact B.didnt contactC.werent to contact D.hadnt contacted【解析】选D。考查混合虚拟条件句。句意：如果你直到最近一直没联系杰里布朗的话，你就会认为右边的照片很奇怪了。主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。从句表示对过去的虚拟，因此D项是正确答案。,22.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _ your advice.A.follow B.would follow C.had followed D.have followed【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：看看我现在的可怕处境！要是我听从你的建议就好了。第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去的一种情况，因此应该用had+过去分词，所以正确答案是C。,23.The board deemed it urgent that these files _ right away.A.had to be printed B.should have been printed C.must be printed D.should be printed【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：委员会急迫地指出，这些文件应该立即被印出来。it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent(急迫的)，这样从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。,24.Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious,as well as worldly frame of reference.A.is to be analyzed B.has been analyzedC.be analyzed D.should have been analyzed【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：Jean Wagner对于研究美国黑人诗歌最重要的贡献就在于他坚持在宗教与世俗的框架中分析它。在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。,25.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,so it seems as if the sun _ round the earth.A.were circling B.circles C.is circling D.be circling【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：太阳东升西落，看起来好像太阳围着地球转一样。as if引导的从句要用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式(be动词用were)或would(could等)+动词原形，本句指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式。,【原创题组】26.If Sudan and South Sudan _ partial deals on boarder security and oil production,their neighbors would still be worried at present.A.didnt reach B.hadnt reachedC.shouldnt reach D.had reached【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果苏丹和南部苏丹没有达成部分边界安全和石油生产协议，现在周边国家会仍在担忧中。根据句意，从句是对过去的虚拟，因此排除A项和C项，D项与句意相反，故选C。,27.Dad,you are asked on the phone.Who _ it be?Its already 10 pm.A.must B.can C.shall D.need【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意：爸爸，有人打电话找你。会是谁呢？已经晚上十点钟了。must必须；shall将会；need需要；can 表示推测，用于疑问句和否定句。,28.Mum,I noticed some students cheat in the examination.Well,you _ be honest in each examination.A.shall B.need C.will D.can【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意：妈妈，我注意到了一些同学在考试中作弊。噢，你应该在每一场考试中都要诚实。shall用在第二人称中表示义务、责任；need需要；will将要；can能够。根据句意，最佳答案是A。,29.Its suggested that you _ breakfast regularly,for without it you _ exhausted at the working hours and cause all kinds of health problems.A.should have；would feelB.had；will feelC.would have；feelD.have had；would feel,【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：建议你有规律地吃早餐，因为不吃的话，在工作时间你会感到精力不够并引起各种健康问题。suggest等词后面经常用虚拟语气should+动词原形或省略should,后面是对现在情况的虚拟，主句用would/should加动词原形即可。故选A。,30.WHO is said to suggest that Chinese governm