语法精讲系列(五).ppt

语法精讲系列（五）非谓语动词,1.(2012浙江高考)No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better _ silent.A.remain B.be remainingC.having remained D.to remain【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：不管你是一个多么聪明的健谈者，有时你保持沉默最好。it is+adj.+to do是常用句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式；it is+adj.+doing只用于一些固定句型，如its no use/no good/useless.doing。故选D。,2.(2012北京高考)One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A.corrects B.correctC.to correct D.correcting【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：人是在不断地犯错误并改正的过程中学习语言的。correcting them和making mistakes是并列的动名词短语，作介词by的宾语。故选D。,3.(2012安徽高考)I remembered _ the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.A.locking B.to lockC.having locked D.to have locked【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是忘记了关灯。remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记得以前做过某事”。本题是对发生在过去情况的客观陈述，根据but可知前后是互相对立的两件事情，即“记住了关门而忘记了关灯”，故选择B项。,4.(2012湖南高考)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A.being done B.doC.to be done D.to do【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有一个好的开始，但是接下来，为了取得最终的成功还需要做更多的工作。need表“需要”后跟to be done或动词-ing形式(主动形式表被动)且工作应该是被做，C项为to be done形式，符合题意。故选C。A项为现在分词的被动式，表进行、被动；B项为动词原形；D项为不定式，表将来的主动动作。故选C。,5.(2012湖南高考)The lecture,_ at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A.starting B.being startedC.to start D.to be started【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚的讲座是七点开始的，接下来的活动是通过望远镜观察月亮。lecture与start构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。A项为现在分词形式，表主动，符合题意。B项为现在分词的被动式，表被动进行；C项为动词不定式，表将来未发生的动作；D项为不定式的被动式，表将来被动。故选A。,6.(2012江西高考)John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A.offered B.offeringC.to offer D.to be offered【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰真的得到那份工作了，因为他给我看了给他提供工作的那封正式信件。由句式结构可知逻辑主语letter和offer之间是主动关系，故选B。用offering him it作letter的后置定语。,7.(2012重庆高考)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A.to be made B.being madeC.made D.having been made,【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。由句意可知，非谓语动词作decision的定语。make和decision之间是被动关系，且是将来发生的动作，应用不定式的被动形式。to be made表被动和将来；being made表被动和进行；made表被动和完成；having been made表被动和完成，但一般不作定语。故选A。,8.(2012山东高考)After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope _.A.providing B.providedC.having provided D.provide【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：填完并签名后，再将表格装在提供的信封里寄给我们。the envelope provided意为“提供的信封”，provided为过去分词作后置定语，与envelope是被动关系，相当于定语从句that/which is provided。providing表示主动进行；having provided表示主动完成；provide是动词原形，在句中作谓语，不能作定语。故选B。,9.(2012浙江高考)“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers.A.to be reserved B.having reservedC.reserving D.reserved【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：当母亲坐在为顾客预留的桌子旁时，她说“这地方真好”。table和reserve之间是被动关系。to be reserved表将来，不合题意；having reserved不能作定语；reserving表主动进行，也不合题意。故选D。,10.(2012四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport,only _ his plane high up in the sky.A.finding B.to findC.being found D.to have found【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆乘出租车去机场，结果却发现飞机已经起飞了。only to do 表示意料之外的结果;现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。发现飞机起飞发生在到达机场之后，所以应排除D项，故应选B。,11.(2012江西高考)Having finished her project,she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A.speaking B.having spokenC.to speak D.to have spoken【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：完成计划后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。在此句中，to do sth.作目的状语，故选C。,12.(2012安徽高考)When _ for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A.asking B.askedC.having asked D.to be asked【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得教学工作既有趣又有意义。由于主句的主语是Philip，是别人问Philip，故应该使用过去分词。此题可以转化为When he was asked for his views about his teaching job.。故选B。,13.(2012湖南高考)Time,_ correctly,is money in the bank.A.to use B.used C.using D.use【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：时间如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。time与use构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式表被动。B项为过去分词形式，符合题意；A项为动词不定式；C项为现在分词形式；D项为动词原形。故选B。,14.(2012四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A.to wind B.windC.winding D.wound【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。notice sb./sth.doing sth.注意到某人/某物正在做某事。wind的逻辑主语为snake，且与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，所以应用现在分词winding作宾语补足语。故选C。,15.(2012福建高考)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea.A.attacking B.having attackedC.being attacked D.having been attacked【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：中国最近加紧了对黄岩岛附近海域的控制以保护中国的渔船在南海海域不被袭击。prevent.from doing保护免受，根据句意可知“保护渔船不被袭击”，故from后为being done。故选C。,16.(2012四川高考)Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car _.A.washed B.wash C.washing D.to wash【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：在你开车进城之前，你应该先清洗你的车。get sth.done使某事被做。车辆与清洗之间是被动关系，故选择washed表被动。故选A。,17.(2012陕西高考)If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A.meets B.meeting C.meet D.to meet【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果接受了这项工作，那他将别无选择只会遇到更大的挑战。have no choice but to+动词原形，所以D项符合题意。,18.(2012辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.A.to follow B.followingC.followed D.follows【解析】选B。考查with的复合结构。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在公园里散步。在with的复合结构中，宾语their pet dog 与follow之间为主动关系，故用following作宾语补足语。故选B。,一、动词-ing形式考点 1 动词的-ing形式的时态和语态考查指数以及物动词make 和非及物动词go为例,考点 2 动词的-ing形式的6种句法功能考查指数1.动词的-ing形式作主语(1)动词的-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象动作。例Smoking is prohibited here.(2)动词的-ing形式的完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。例Having studied computer is an important qualification for the job.,(3)动词的-ing形式的独立主格结构：当动词的-ing形式带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。例Jacks suddenly disappearing made them worried.(4)动词的-ing形式作主语时可转换成it作形式主语。例It is no use/good crying.,2.动词的-ing形式作宾语(1)有些动词和词组后只能用动词的-ing形式作宾语，如admit,dislike,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,bear(忍受),envy,cant help(不禁),delay,escape,cant stand(受不了),deny,excuse(借口),consider(考虑),fancy,mind,miss(错过),mention,finish,pardon,resist,forgive,imagine,risk,practice,suggest(建议),keep,quit,put off,give up,feel like,be worth,set about,burst out,be/get/become used to(习惯于),look forward to,pay attention to,devote.to,lead to,stick to,get close to,object to,contribute to,get down to,be equal to(能胜任),turn to(求助于)等。,例Do you mind my/me reading your paper?I regretted not having taken her advice.,(2)常见固定句型a.There is no use/good/sense/harmdoing sth.做某事没用/不好/没意义/没有害处。b.have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time/fun(in)doing sth.。c.spend/waste/lose time(in)doing sth.。d.“have+宾语+doing sth.”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示宾语与动词的-ing形式表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作持续进行。e.catch sb.doing sth.逮住某人干某事,例There is no use crying over spilt milk.He had a good time in travelling abroad this summer vacation.Dont have the dog barking much,Li Lin.If she catches me reading her diary,shell be angry.(3)动词advise/allow/permit/forbid后既可跟doing sth.作宾语，又可跟to do(不定式作宾语补足语)。(4)need,require,want,deservedoing 动词的-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，相当于to be done。,【点津】有些动词后使用动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语有差别 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)stop to do sth.停止、中断(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止正在或经常做的事 remember to do sth.记住去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做),regret to do sth.对遗憾(常跟say,tell,inform等)regret doing sth.对做过的事后悔 try to do sth.努力、企图做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing 意味着 go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情),3.动词的-ing形式作表语(1)动词的-ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为；而不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。例His hobby is collecting stamps.(2)interesting,exciting,delighting,disappointing,encouraging,worrying,puzzling,satisfying,surprising,pleasing等作表语时，表示客观“令人的”；而interested,excited,delighted,disappointed,encouraged,worried,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,pleased等作表语时，表示主观“感到的”。例Travelling is interesting but tiring.,4.动词的-ing形式作定语(1)表示正在进行的动作、经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。例Barking dogs seldom bite.(2)动词的-ing作定语时，所修饰的名词就是该-ing形式的逻辑主语。例The building being constructed will be used as a library.(现在正在进行的被动),(3)动词的-ing作定语时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的。如果不是同时进行的，就不能用动词的-ing作定语，要使用定语从句。例The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.(write与speak动作不是同时发生的)(4)动词的-ing形式作定语时，如果是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。,5.动词的-ing形式作状语(1)动词的-ing形式作状语时总是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。例Seeing Tom,I couldnt help thinking of his brother.Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.,(2)动词的-ing形式可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。例Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.(原因状语)While waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.(时间状语)Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.(伴随状语),【点津】常见的作状语的固定短语：generally/frankly/roughly speaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说，considering.鉴于/考虑到，judging by/from.从来看，依据来判断，supposing/suppose that.假定，providing that.假定，according to.依据，including.包括，owing to.由于，talking/speaking of谈及,6.动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语(1)动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。例We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.I found the little boy lying under the tree when I passed by.(2)with复合结构：with+宾语+doing(主动，同时)/being done(正在被)，其宾语和宾语补足语所表示的动作保持逻辑上的主谓关系。例With the children following him,he had to go back to the park.,【助记】口诀记忆以动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：make,let,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel等。可简化为“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。,二、动词不定式考点1 动词不定式的时态和语态的形式变化考查指数(以build为例),考点2 动词不定式的6种句法功能考查指数1.作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放到句子的后面。例Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.(2)不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语，表示主语的“职业、职责和性质”。例My work is to clean the room every day.,2.作宾语(1)不定式可以作某些动词的宾语。常见的有：afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish,want等。例She wishes to be a musician.(2)不定式在介词but,except,besides后面时，如果介词之前为动词do的某种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。此外，cannot choose but和cannot help but,cannot but等后面的不定式也省略to。例She could do nothing but wait.,(3)不定式作动词的宾语，其后跟补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。例I make it a rule to read English every morning.(4)tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss等动词可跟“疑问词+不定式”。例Can you tell me what to do next?,【助记】常见的带不定式作宾语的动词口诀想要干want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim，would like/love,desire,swear早打算plan,prepare,mean,arrange同意否agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse,afford问问看ask(ask to do 要求做),beg决定了decide,determine,make up ones mind,be determined尽力干try,manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive,attempt 不在意care别装蒜pretend,3.作定语(1)不定式和所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面就要有相应的介词。但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。例Is this the best way to help him?(2)不定式与被修饰的词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系例He is the first student to come.,(3)说明所修饰的名词的内容,与该词存在同位关系。常用于chance,opportunity,time,money,decision,refusal,wish,right等词后。例I must keep the promise to pay back the money within a month.,4.作宾(主)语补足语(1)接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,teach,tell,order等。例Tell the children not to play in the street.(2)动词不定式作动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等感官动词以及have,let,make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，必须带to。例I saw a little girl run across the street.My neighbor was heard to lock the door.,(3)下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb./sth.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done。例Mo Yan is considered to be one of the greatest writers.,5.作状语(1)动词不定式作状语时，表示目的、结果、原因等。(2)目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示，但so as to不能置于句首;only to do,so.as to do和such.as to do中的不定式均作结果状语。例Every morning he gets up very early to read English.She reads China Daily every day in order to(so as to)improve her English.He came late,only to find the door locked.,考点3 不定式的2种特殊用法考查指数,例Its very hard for him to study two languages.Its very nice of you to help me.He is too excited to speak.Im only too pleased to be able to help you.,考点4 动词的-ing形式与不定式的用法比较考查指数,三、动词的-ed形式考点1 动词的-ed形式的4大句法功能考查指数,考点2 动词的-ed形式的几个注意事项考查指数,四、独立主格结构,【模拟题组】1.(2013龙岩模拟)_ in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.A.Being injured B.To be injuredC.Having injured D.Injured,【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：腿部受伤让我不可能再像平时走得那么快了。此处缺少主语，而现在分词的完成式和过去分词不能作主语，排除C项和D项；B项不定式表示未发生的动作，与语境不符。据此选A项，用动名词短语作主语。,2.(2013皖南模拟)Something as simple as _ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life.A.to eat B.eatingC.to be eating D.eaten【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：童年时像吃蔬菜这样简单的事也许后来会帮助你预防严重的疾病。句中Something as simple as _ vegetables共同作主语，谓语是may help,不定式to eat也可作主语，但此题中有as.as结构，所以要选择和something一致的动名词而不是不定式，故选B。,3.Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?A.mark B.be markedC.being marked D.marking【解析】选D。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。句意：你该批改试卷了吧？“get down to”中的“to”是介词,因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。故选D。,4.(2013福建四地六校模拟)Living in the dormitory means _ to take care of yourself,understand each others differences and share _ interests.A.to learn;common B.learning;ordinaryC.to learn;ordinary D.learning;common【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词和形容词的用法。句意：住在宿舍里意味着要学会照顾自己，理解彼此的差异，分享共同的兴趣爱好。mean doing sth.表示“意味着”，mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”。故选D。,5.(2013吉林模拟)I think it a great honor _ to visit your country.A.to invite B.invitingC.having invited D.to be invited【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为受到邀请去访问你们国家是很高的荣誉。不定式用作真正的宾语，根据句意应为被动。故选D。,6.Tom thinks the job sounds very _,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A.interested B.interestingC.interestingly D.interestedly【解析】选B。考查动词-ing形式。句意：汤姆觉得这项工作挺有趣，但是我拿不准他是否能胜任。“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。C、D选项都是副词，应排除。“interesting”表示物所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；interested一般修饰人，意思是“感兴趣的”。故选B。,7.(2013西安模拟)If you go to Xian，you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly _.A.supposing B.supposed C.to suppose D.suppose【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你去西安，你会发现那里好多地方比一般想象得更壮观。than 后面是省略结构，相当于省略了they are，“被认为”，用过去分词结构的省略形式，表示一种状态。故选B。,8.I dont think its _ to the ceiling very securely.Dont worry.It wont _.A.fixing;drop B.fixed;dropC.fixing;be dropped D.fixed;be dropped【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词及时态。句意：我认为它没有被安全地固定在天花板上。别担心，它不会掉的。第一个空表示被动，“被固定”，用过去分词形式；第二个空“掉落”，是不及物动词，无被动形式，又在情态动词后面，用动词原形，故选B。,9.(2013郑州模拟)The celebration gathering _ the 13th anniversary of Macaos return to the motherland was held here on Sunday.A.to mark B.marksC.marking D.marked【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:星期天，标志澳门回归祖国十三周年的庆典在这里召开。the celebration gathering和mark为主动关系，因此用现在分词表示主动并作定语。故选C。,10.(2013宝鸡模拟)After playing in the park for a few hours,the pupils gathered under trees _ shade and _ down to eat their picnic lunch.A.provided;sit B.providing;sittingC.providing;sat D.provided;sat【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在公园玩了几个小时后，那些小学生聚集在树荫下，坐下来吃野餐。第一个空“提供阴凉的树”，是现在分词作定语，第二个空坐下来吃野餐与聚集在树下并列作谓语。故选C。,11.(2013郑州模拟)Shanghai Disneyland Park,_ in 2015,will attract tourists from all over China then.A.to have been completed B.being completedC.completed D.to be completed【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：上海迪斯尼公园，将于2015年完工，到那时将会吸引来自全中国的游客。此处不定式的被动式表示将来的动作且表被动，相当于非限制性定语从句，所以是作定语，故选D。,12.(2013兰州模拟)Fireworks,_ of gunpowder or flash powder _ in a tight paper tube,make the big flash or boom effect.A.consisting；wrappingB.consisting；wrappedC.consisted；wrappedD.being consisted；wrapped,【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:烟火，主要由火药和闪光药粉组成，卷在一个很紧的纸筒中，产生巨大的闪光或者爆发效果。第一个空考查consist，没有被动，所以只能用动词-ing形式，后面是药粉被卷在纸筒里，强调被动，所以用过去分词，故选B。,13.(2013兖州模拟)How about the party _ at Marys house?Wonderful!Everyone had a good time.A.holding B.to holdC.being held D.held【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：在玛丽家里举行的晚会怎么样？太棒了！人人都玩得很高兴。根据后句的时态，用了过去时，表明事情已经发生，所以举行的晚会在过去，又是被动，用过去分词作定语。故选D。,14.(2013苏锡模拟)_,I can see that those terrible events shaped me into the person I am today.A.Having looked back B.Looking backC.Being looking back D.To be looking back【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：回顾过去，我明白是那些可怕的事件把我塑造成现在这个样子。此处I和look back之间是主动关系，不存在先后完成关系，故用现在分词。故选B。,15.(2013菏泽模拟)As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself w