语法精讲系列(一).ppt

语法精讲系列（一）定语从句,1.(2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom【解析】选B。考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：艾伦是一位画鸟和自然的画家，由于某种原因，已经过起了遁世生活。who引导的非限制性定语从句，who在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Ellen(人名)。故选B。,2.(2012江苏高考)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what【解析】选B。考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦，他们急需洁净的饮用水、医药和庇护场所以便生存。先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。,3.(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have got this far.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which【解析】选B。考查whose引导的定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我就不会走这样远。whose表示所有关系，代指上面的史密斯教授，靠了他的帮助，故选B。,4.(2011安徽高考)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while【解析】选C。考查关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。故选C。,5.(2011江苏高考)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.where C.that D.which【解析】选A。考查关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：音乐会的两部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。when引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词为an interval，非限制性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。所以正确答案为A。,6.(2011浙江高考)A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A.when B.that C.where D.there【解析】选C。考查关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意：银行是那种在天气晴好时借给你雨伞但是下雨时催你归还的地方。本句中的先行词是the place，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。故选C。,7.(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.whenC.to whom D.on which【解析】选B。考查关系副词when引导的定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。when引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age(时代)，此处的when=in which。故选B。,8.(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.A.in whom B.in themC.of whom D.of them【解析】选C。考查介词提前的非限制性定语从句。句意：我们班有46名学生，其中一半学生戴眼镜。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。,9.(2011江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.A.for which B.with whichC.of which D.to which【解析】选C。考查介词提前的定语从句。句意：她带游客参观了这个花了三年多时间才建成的博物馆。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间，介词用of。故选C。,10.(2010上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by whichC.to which D.from which【解析】选C。考查介词提前的定语从句。句意：风力发电是一种古老的能源，也是我们在不久的将来能重新利用的能源。此句可还原为Wind power is an ancient source of energy which/that we may return to in the near future.介词to提前了，本来结构是return to,故选C。,11.(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels,both of _ have been made into television series.A.them B.that C.which D.what【解析】选C。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视连续剧。此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。故选C。,12.(2012全国卷)That evening,_ I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.A.that B.which C.what D.when【解析】选B。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：那天晚上我工作到了很晚，详情以后再跟你谈。这里That evening是先行词，在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。,13.(2011山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.A.they B.where C.what D.that【解析】选D。考查that引导的定语从句。句意：这座古老的城镇有狭窄的街道和比邻而建的小房子。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。故选D。,14.(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.A.that B.it C.as D.what【解析】选C。考查定语从句的引导词as。句意：正如报告所显示的，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里得到了改善。本句把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 _ is shown in the report,the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句的引导词放于句首指的是下文所提到的一句话，用as引导。故选C。,15.(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A.as B.it C.which D.this【解析】选A。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：正如已发现的那样，大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年，所以父母们应当在那期间多跟孩子们交流。关系代词指整句话 lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首。故选A。,16.(2012江西高考)By 16:30,_ was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.A.which B.when C.what D.that【解析】选A。考查which引导的定语从句。句意：到下午四点半，也就是打烊时间，几乎所有的画都已经卖出去了。从后面的closing time打烊时间,停止营业时间可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which。故选A。,17.(2012北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work,_ he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when【解析】选B。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：每当他沉迷于工作中，就会废寝忘食，而他常常如此。which在从句中作表语，代指上面的情况，故选B。,18.(2012陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.A.that B.where C.which D.what【解析】选C。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们大家都很惊讶。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，选C。,考点 1 关系代词who，whom，whose引导定语从句考查指数1.who和whom的用法(1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。例The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.(2)在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.,(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。例The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.(4)当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom，关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom(先行词指人)。例The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.,2.whose的用法whose指人或物，作定语，表示“的”，可转换为“of 关系代词”。关系代词whose一般指人,表示“该人的”,也可指物,表示“该物的”,在以物为先行词时,可用of which代替在从句中作定语。例Thats the painter whose works/the works of whom are so highly regarded.The building whose roof/the roof of which we can see from here is a hotel.,【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如：Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是派往国外的工程师之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。,考点 2关系副词when，where,why引导定语从句考查指数1.when的用法先行词为“时间名词”，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；也可用介词+which结构。例They were excited on Singles Day when/on which many more group weddings took place.,2.where的用法(1)先行词是“地点名词”，定语从句可用where引导，where在从句中作状语，也可用介词+which结构。例This is the factory where/in which he worked last year.(2)如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”(前提是从句中缺少状语),3.why的用法先行词是表示原因的名词reason 时,可以用why 引导定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which替代。例The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,【点津】当way表示方法、方式作先行词时，后面的定语从句可以用that或in which引导，也可以省略关系词。但是如果定语从句中缺少宾语时，要用that或which引导。I dont like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother.The way that/which/不填 he explained to us was quite simple.,考点 3 介词+关系代词的6个考查点考查指数(1)考查从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯:(a)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配;(b)看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配 例This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.(2)考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯例He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.,(3)考查根据句意确定介词例I am looking for my glasses,without which I cant watch TV clearly.(4)考查表示所属关系的of which whom例On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence,the meaning of which I dont understand.(5)考查表示整体与部分关系的of which whom例The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.,(6)考查表示同位关系的of which whom例Her sons,both of whom worked abroad,rang her up this morning.【点津】选择介词三原则(1)根据句子意思表达的需要；(2)根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配；(3)根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。,考点 4 5组易混关系代词的用法辨析 考查指数,考点 5 定语从句与其他从句的辨析 考查指数,【模拟题组】1.(2013南京模拟)How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A.whose B.who C.whom D.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：你们班里有多少家住在农村的学生？先行词是students,in your class分隔了先行词和关系代词，后面homes，需要表示所有关系的关系代词，故选A。,2.(2013武昌模拟)My neighbor has a son and a daughter,both of _ are working abroad.A.whose B.that C.whom D.who【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：我的邻居有一儿一女，他们俩现在都在国外工作。先行词是人，又是非限制性定语从句，介词of 后面用宾格，故选C。,3.(2013郑州模拟)Do you remember a certain occasion _ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand？A.where B.which C.why D.when【解析】选D。考查定语从句关系副词when的用法。句意：你还记得一次你陷入困境，我帮助你的情景吗？根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。故选D。,4.(2013北京模拟)In English class,our teacher often creates an environment _ we are given the opportunity to solve problems ourselves.A.when B.which C.where D.that【解析】选C。考查定语从句的关系副词where。句意：在英语课堂上，老师经常创设情境，在此情境中，我们可以有机会自己解决问题。本句中，先行词是environment,从句中缺少表示地点的状语，因此选择where，故选C。,5.(2013郑州模拟)There are moments _ we remember our childhood days with fondness,embarrassment,regret or mixed feelings.A.when B.that C.which D.where【解析】选A。考查定语从句关系副词when的用法。句意:我们经常会记起童年时代那些欢乐、尴尬、后悔和有复杂感情的时刻。此处moments是先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语。因此选A。,6.(2013石家庄模拟)How about your job-hunting？No luck.Now，Ive reached the point _ I dont care what I do.A.which B.whereC.when D.that【解析】选B。考查定语从句的关系副词where。答语句意：现在我已经到了我不关心我做什么的境地。此处the point是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。故用where。,7.(2013成都模拟)A turning point of the continuously high housing price wont appear suddenly because there must be a certain process _ many factors lead to the change.A.which B.what C.where D.that【解析】选C。考查定语从句的关系副词where。句意：持续高房价的拐点不会突然出现，因为在此过程中，要有许多因素才能导致这一变化。此处process作先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。,8.(2013南昌模拟)More teens are smoking in Beijing,_ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.A.which B.when C.where D.that【解析】选C。考查定语从句的关系副词where。句意:在北京越来越多的青少年在吸烟，而且小学生和中学生开始染上吸烟习惯的人数比前几年翻了一番还多。Beijing 是先行词，在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。,9.(2013保定模拟)Lisa，I guess wed better fix a navigational aid(导航仪)to the car _ we can find our way easily.A.which B.thatC.from which D.with which【解析】选D。考查定语从句的关系词“介词+which”。句意：丽萨，我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪，用它我们能容易地找到路。此处a navigational aid为先行词，在定语从句中作with的宾语，应用which，故选D。,10.(2013邯郸模拟)Leave him a note at the reception desk,_ he will learn how to find you.A.which B.from whichC.with which D.on which【解析】选B。考查非限制性定语从句的“介词+关系词”的用法。句意：在前台给他留个纸条，他就可以知道如何找你了。此处a note是先行词，在定语从句中作from的宾语，相当于he will learn how to find you from the note。故选B。,11.(2013成都模拟)Janes struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story _ a fascinating novel might be written.A.where B.by whomC.for what D.about which【解析】选D。考查定语从句的“介词+which”的用法。句意：简为了在音乐圈谋得一席之地的奋斗故事，可以根据其写一部传奇小说了。此处life story是先行词，其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于a fascinating novel might be written about the kind of life story。故选D。,12.(2013杭州模拟)Judging from his face _ there was a confident smile,we knew that he didnt lose heart.A.in which B.from whichC.by which D.on which【解析】选D。考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。句意:从他脸上带着自信的微笑来判断，我们知道他没有失去信心。先行词是face,a confident smile on his face。故选D。,13.(2013桂林模拟)Well take the conditions into careful consideration _ you have attached to this contract.Thanks.Hope for further cooperation.A.as B.which C.where D.what【解析】选B。考查定语从句的关系词which的用法。前一句句意：我们会认真考虑你这份合同上所提到的条件。此处the conditions是先行词，其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。故选B。,14.(2013烟台模拟)He failed in the exam,_ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A.which B.what C.it D.that【解析】选A。考查which的用法。句意：他考试没及格，这证明他学习不够努力。这是一个非限制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容，只能用which，故选A。,15.(2013临沂模拟)It is the first time _ my cousin has gone abroad.A.that B.which C.what D.when【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:这是我表弟第一次出国。先行词被序数词修饰，所以用that，故选A。,16.(2013南昌模拟)There are many places in the world _ have been visited only by a few,many _ are of an enormous beauty.A.where;of which B.which;of whomC.that;of which D.that;of whom【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：在世界上有许多地方几乎没有人到过，而且许多地方很美。前面先行词是places，在后面从句中作主语，用that或which，后面是非限制性定语从句，只能用which,故选C。,17.(2013兖州模拟)This is the best way _ I have thought of _ the problem.A.that;solving B.in which;solving C.which;to solve D./;to solve【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：这是我想出来的解决这个问题最好的方式。因为先行词way 前有best限制，所以不用which,因为先行词在后面句中作宾语，可以省略，不定式结构作定语，故选D。,18.(2013郑州模拟)Such news _ you are expecting has just been let out _ the US will become the worlds biggest oil producer by around 2020.A.which;which B.as;whichC.as;that D.that;as【解析】选C。考查定语从句和同位语从句。句意：你所盼望的消息刚刚透露出来，美国在2020年左右将成为世界上最大的石油生产国。第一个空为定语从句，缺关系词，由于先行词由such修饰，应选as;第二个空为同位语从句，缺引导词，应选that,故选C。,19.(2013银川模拟)This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.which D./【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：这是我今年一直在寻找的最好的一本书。先行词是the best book，在后面句子中作宾语，所以用that 或者省略，故选D。,20.China and the US have just signed an agreement to introduce more Hollywood films,_,explains Chinas attitude to foreign products.A.which B.that C.what D.it【解析】选A。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：中美两国刚刚签订引进更多好莱坞影片的协议，这说明了中国对外国产品的态度。应选择which而不用that。what和 it 不能用于定语从句。,21.(2013杭州模拟)We have spotted the location,_ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.A.that B.what C.which D.where【解析】选C。考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词which的用法。句意:我们已经确定了我们认为是秦始皇陵遗址的地点。分析句子可知空格处引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C。,22.(2013杭州模拟)When did the young man save you?January 1st,2000,the first day of the new century,_ I can never forget.A.when B.which C.that D.where【解析】选B。考查非限制性定语从句的关系词which的用法。句意：那个年轻人何时救的你？2000年1月1日，新世纪的第一天，我永远不会忘记的日子。先行词是the first day，它在定语从句中作宾语，又是非限制性定语从句，故选B。,23.(2013银川模拟)You can only be sure of _ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.A.that;what B.which;thatC./;that D.what;/【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：你能对你当前拥有的一切充满自信，但是却无法断定你将来拥有什么。前面是作介词of的宾语的宾语从句，由what引导，后面是定语从句，先行词是something，在从句中作宾语，可以用that，that也可以省略。故选D。,24.(2013天津模拟)_ that he picked up French?It was in 2010 _ he traveled in France.A.Was it when;that B.When was it;that C.Was it when;when D.When was it;when【解析】选D。考查定语从句与强调句的区别。句意：他何时学的法语？是在2010年他在法国旅行时学的。前面是考查强调句的提问时间的问句，用when引导的强调句式，后面是定语从句，2010是先行词，用when引导，故选D。,25.(2013济宁模拟)It was in the garden of his old house _ he grew up _ he dug up a pot of gold.A.that;that B.where;where C.that;where D.where;that【解析】选D。考查定语从句与强调句的辨析。句意：在他长大的老房子的花园里，他挖出了一罐金子。第一个空是定语从句，先行词在从句中作状语，用where;第二个空是强调句，用that，故选D。,【原创题组】26.The 100-year Starship project,_ was set up by the USA,plans to develop huge“starships”to send humans into space.A.that B.which C.where D.who【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：美国创立的“百年星舰”项目计划建造大型“星际飞船”，把人类送往太空。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词project，且在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；where引导定语从句时在从句中作地点状语；who引导定语从句时，指人。,27.Its London _ Ye Shiwen got worldly recognized for her excellent performance in the swimming pools.A.where B.that C.in which D.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句和强调句的区别。句意：是在伦敦叶诗文靠着她在泳池里的杰出表现得到了全世界的认可。本句中先行词是London,在后面句中作状语，所以用where,易误选that,但是这里不是强调句，故选A。,28.Twenty-eight people were dead in the US schooling shooting,_ there were twenty kids.A.of them B.of whomC.in that D.in which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：在美国校园枪击案中有28人丧生，其中有20名儿童。of whom引导定语从句，of表示范围，意为“在中”。,29.Traveling，especially traveling abroad，has become a fashion,_ is common even in the western area in China.A.that B.it C.as D.in which【解析】选C。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旅游尤其是出国旅游已经成为一种时尚，这甚至在中国的西部地区也很常见了。代指上文提到的情况，可以用as或which,故选C。,30.Yao Ming announced his retirement formally on July the 20th,2011 _ he will never forget in his life.A.when B.on whichC.for which D.that【解析】选D。考查定语从句的用法。句意：姚明在2011年7月20日正式宣布了他的退役，这一天他一生都不会忘记。先行词是July the 20th,2011，注意分析句式可知，这个时间在从句中不作状语，而是宾语，所以应用that或which,故选D。,