被动语态课件 (2).ppt

被动语态,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态),语态,被动语态的结构,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,by many students.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。,3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（by短语可以省。by短语 后跟代词的宾格。）,by the teacher.,3.The teacher often asks him questions.,He,is asked,questions,They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1.They bought ten computers last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were+过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,Ten computers,were bought,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,1.We should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.2.Many people speak English.3.They sold out the tickets about heroes.4.Many people watched Lucky 52 on TV.5.People plant rice in South China.,Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.English is spoken by many people.The tickets about heroes were sold out by they.Lucky 52 was watched by many people on TV.Rice is planted in South China.,exercise,The telephone _(invent)by Bell in 1876.The trees may _(plant)in spring.Teenagers should not _(allow)to drive.English _(speak)in Canada.Math must _(study)well.,exercise,Finish the sentences,was invented,be planted,be allowed,is spoken,be studied,被动语态,4.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the school tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is/am/are+being 过去分词,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,The rooms,are being painted,2.He is watching TV.,TV,is being watched,by him.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have/has been 过去分词,1.We have made twenty more keys,by us.,Twenty more keys,have been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,把下列句子变成被动语态:A car knocked him down yesterday.2）When I got there,they were cutting up a fallen tree,A fallen tree was being cut up,when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,Practice,4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They have completed the railway.,The play will be put on next Sunday,A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school,The railway has been completed by them,7.A lot of people in China can speak English now.（同上）English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now.8.I have learned English for about two years.（同上）English _ _ _ for about two years.9.They will publish these story-books next month.（同上）These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be published,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,shall/will/be going to be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,被动语态,被动语态的几种特殊类型（一）,如：1.He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by Tom.2.He teaches us English.We are taught English by him.English is taught to us by him.,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.,常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,hand for:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.,（以I做主语）,（以物book作主语）,（以人当主语）,（以物作主语）,2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态,keep,make 之类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。,We keep food fresh in the fridge.主 谓 宾 宾补,Food is kept fresh in the fridge.,Tom made me angry.I was made angry by Tom.,被动语态,被动语态的几种特殊类型（二）,即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.We heard them sing in the classroom.,They,were heard,to sing in the classroom.,3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.,They take good care of my child.I turned off the radio.,4.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,My child is taken good care of.,The radio was turned off(by me),下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加by be covered with 用覆盖着 be interested in 对感兴趣 be surprised at 对感到惊奇 be made of（from）用制造的,动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after,（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。We often help each other.我们常常互相帮助。（2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have,like,take place,belong to）如：I like these flowers.我喜欢这些花。I will have a meeting.不说A meeting will be had.应说A meeting will be held.,5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,填空（完成被动语态填空）1.They often clean their classroom after school.（改为被动语态）Their classroom _ often _ by them after school.2.Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.（同上）A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.,is,cleaned,was given to,Practice,6.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week(济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,They sent up,were planted,are grown,中考题,1.In some countries,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served 2.Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980.A.have been taken place B.took place C.have taken place D.were taken place,3.The new type of car is going to _ in three years.A.turn out B.be turned out C.has turned out D.have been turned out4.The woman murdered her friend and _ to _.A.was sentenced,death B.sentencing,die C.sentenced,death D.sentenced,die,被动语态专项练习：选择填空,5.Do you like the skirt?It _ soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt6.Are you still here?You were here an hour ago.Who _ for?A.are you waiting B.did you wait C.were you waiting D.do you wait,8.I want to sit at the table near the window.Sorry,_ already.A.it took B.it takes C.it is taking D.it has been taken,9.The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday.A.had post,had arrived B.was posted,arrived C.posted,arrived D.had been posted,was arrived10.He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday.A.is given B.will be given C.would have given D.would be given,11.Water _ into ice.A.will changed B.must be changed C.should change D.can be changed 12.Plays _ twice a month in that theatre.A.put on B.are put on C.was put on D.often put on,13.The birds _ fly away last Saturday.A.let to B.is let to C.was let D.were let to 14.A strange sound _ yesterday evening.A.was heard B.hears C.heard D.is heard 15.A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates.A.sent to B.will sent to C.was sent to D.will be sent for,16.Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting.A.has been asked B.has been asked C.Have been asked D.have been asked17.Meat _ out in this shop.We can _ now.A.have been sold,get nothing B.has been sold,get nothing C.has been sold,get some D.have been sold,get some,18.The new play _ in theatre now.Why dont you go in and see it?A.is being shown B.is showing C.is shown D.shows19.Can you tell _?A.when did it happen B.when was it happened C.when it happened D.when it was happened,20._ the job _ by Lucy or by John?Tell me the truth,please.A.Has finished B.Has being finished C.Is finish D.Has been finished,被动语态,1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well.(照顾)3._ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5.The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _(举行)in UK in 2012.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,完成下列句子：,用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空1.When _ the first man-made satellite _（send）up into space?2.Last year vegetables _(grow）in the garden by Tom and he _(sell）them himself.3.She _（help）him with his homework tomorrow evening.4.How many magazines _（can borrow）in your library every week?,Homework,5.John _（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.6.Who _（save）her father?He _（save）by that policeman.,was,sent,were grown,sold,will help,can be borrowed,was heard,saved,was saved,