英语短文改错专题讲座课件.ppt

短文改错专题讲座,短文改错专题讲座,短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力。它要求考生具有词法、句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。,短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，注意是形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注一 动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：(NMET98)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our school football team.(NMET00)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关 键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。,am,are,二 名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.三 区分形和副及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.Unfortunate,there are too many people in my family.需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。,wonderful,Unfortunately,subjects,四 非谓语动词细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：(NMET97)in my spare time,but now I am interesting in football.(NMET98)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(NMET01)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure 上述分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。五 习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。,to,interested,playing,96 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and 98 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：96 They eager to know everything about China and 97 I live in Beijing,where is the capital of China.,of,of,第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。,七 逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：96 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.97 First,let me tell you something more about myself.99 no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.,除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but,and,or和so的用法错误（可归为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me.It looks as if my parents treat me as visitor and a guest.We may be one family and live under a same roof.下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。,and,or,the,Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,its famous 76._Mountain with all kinds of plants&animals.The weather 77._Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80._and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._Evening come down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._head touched the pillow.,答案与简析：76.famous前加上a。（名词数）。77.正确 78.we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析）79.them us（逻辑错误须关注）80.visiting visited（非谓动词细辨别）81.picture pictures（名词数）82.passes passed（动词形）83.去掉down（习惯用法要记住）84.and but（but,and,or和so）85.去掉at（句子成分多分析/习惯用法要记住）。,短文改错的训练方法三步法：1.通读全文，掌握大意短文改错一般是一篇完整的的短文而不是一个孤立的单词。它既有句法，语法方面的错误也有逻辑意义上的混乱。例如：In others we must write the number of book,Its title and the name of the author on a piece of paper,sign it,then hand itto the Librarian in order to borrow the book.You can keep it for weeks.文中的“you”一词从单句来说无论从语法或从意义上看都是正确的，但联系上下文，借书时，我们应当填写书号，图书目录及作者姓名，然后才能借到书。而又“you”指“你“可以借阅几,个星期，和前面的主语不符。只有把you”改为“we”。这种错误只有从政篇行文的角度去考虑，才能判断正确，如果只见树木不见森林，这些错误句就很难发现。这一步应是速度短文，以掌握文意为主，而不是只注意文中错误，分析错误的句子上.2.逐句分析，找出深层错误构成搭配关系完整，和谐顺畅。一篇文章内各句子之间互相顺成关联，但在结构上各有章法。如果是一般阅读，以获取信息为目的，一个句子不在以行之内，被移行或跨若干行“句”的标志就是句号，各个词语在一个句子中各就各位，其对阅读速度效果的影响不明显。,3.复读全文，检查调整每个错误找出以后，应再回头把改正后的文章读一遍.检查一改过的地方是否准确,前后是否有矛盾的地方,以进行必要的修改和调整.When you are traveling abroad,it is importance to follow 1._ the customs of the country where you are visiting.If you are invited 2._ to a home in Britain,here is some advices.As soon as you are invited,3._ it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation,either by 4._writing or by telephoning.When you go to the party,it is polite 5._ to arrive at on time.It is good manners to shake hands with your 6._,host and any guest.You can take a present if you like,7._ possible a bottle of wine,a box of chocolates or some flowers.8._ However,it was not bad manners to take nothing.It is not polite 9._ to stay too late before the other guests have gone.Of course,10._ it is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host.,答案与简析 1.Importance important。属句型It is+adj.+to do sth.。2.where which/that或去掉where。先行词在定语从句中作宾语。3.advices advice。advice 为不可数名词。4.an the。此处的“请柬”是特指。5.本行无错。6.去掉at。arrive 后没宾语。7.guest前加other。表与其他客人握手。8.possible possibly。修饰take。9.was is。时态一致。10.before after。根据上下文，此处表达其他客人走后。,Know what to do in case of fire is important.1._ If the fire broke out,what would you do?First,you 2._ should warn everyone in the house about the dangerous.3._ Dont panic（惊慌）or start shouting.Be calmly and 4._ act fast.Second,you and all the others should go out of 5._ the house.Dont stopped to take anything with you.Once 6._ you are out of the house,stay out.Do not come back 7._ for any reason.Finally,before you are out of the house,8._ call the fire department.Do not try to put out of the fire 9._ yourself.That can very dangerous.10._.答案与简析 Know Knowing。动名词短语作主语。2.the a。此处fire 属泛指。3.Dangerous danger。名词作介词宾语。4.calmly calm。用形容词作表语。5.本行无错。6.stopped stop。这是祈使句的否定式，动词应该用原形。7.Come go。从上下文语义可知。8.before when或after。9.去掉of。put out 是及物动词短语。10.can后加be。缺谓语动词。,短文改错的错误类型,1.多词：（1）抽象名词物质名词泛指前多加冠词。（2）定于从句中多了与关系代词句法作用相当的代词或词。（3）形容词或副词的比较结构中多词。（4）受母语及物动词后加了不该加的词。（5）不带to的不定式 作宾补时带了to（6）某些时间状语丛句多了介词。（7）固定搭配有“画蛇添足”的现象。2.缺词：（1）动词不定式少了符号to,（2）单数名词泛指时缺不定冠词a或an.（3）动词后少了介词或副词等小品词。（4）习惯表达或固定短语中缺词。（5）受母语影响将形容词或介词作动词而使句子缺少谓语动词。3.错词：（1）名词，动词，形容词和副词的形态错误。（2）冠词，介词，代词，连词和动词等用法上的错误。（3）逻辑关系方面的错误。（4）句子结构的错误。短文改错出题的三种模式：1.一行对的，一行多词，一行缺词，七行错词。2.一行对的，一行多词，二个缺词，六行错词。3.一行对的，二行多词，一个缺词，六行错词。.,